Impact of different musical nodes and vibrations on plant development

The effects of ambient environmental factors on physiological attributes of plants have been explored extensively. Among all the factors, impact of sound on the plants is an interesting aspect to study. This review attempts to comprehend the impact of sound waves on the development and behaviour of the plants. Musical nodes with healing energy have a certain impact on seeds germination. This can enhance overall plant health by improving growth and resistance, beyond chemical triggers.. In past, seed growth and germination behaviour, influenced by different pre-treatments has been studied for different plants. This review is an effort to provide an indication of the recent results, constraints, and prospective applications of sound wave therapy as a physical trigger for modulating physiological characteristics and giving plants an adaptive benefit. Sound wave therapy is now emerging as a fresh promotion for protecting crops from harmful circumstances and maintaining plant fitness

Increasing mustard (Brassica juncea L.) yields through exposure sound and preventive pest management based on refugia plants

Abstract. In Indonesia, mustard plants will increase by 8.2% in 2021, but more than that is needed to meet the community's needs due to a growing population. Pests and fertilization problems hinder expected growth.  The provision of plant fertilizers can be replaced through the application of sound. Exposure sounds to plants can increase plant growth by opening stomata, improving water absorption, and increasing plant nutrient uptake. This study aimed to examine the application of sound effects and refugia plants t890po increase the growth and yield of mustard greens (Brassica juncea L.). The study used a Time's Series Randomized Block Design with 3 replications. The first factor is sound applications (S) consisting of S0 = without sound, S1 = rock music (Frequency 21-14,000 Hz), and S2 = classical sound (Frequency 21-14,000 Hz). The second factor is the refugia plant (R) consisting of R0 = without refugia, R1 = Tagetes erecta L., R2 = Zinnia elegans L, and R3 = Ocimum bassilicum L. The application of classical sound frequency (20-14,000 Hz) affects the growth process of mustard plants through the increase in plant height (14.5%), leaf area (20.92%), wet weight (3.5%), dry weight (26.41%), total chlorophyll (11.62%) and plant N content (31.03%). Meanwhile, rock music frequency (20-14,000 Hz) can increase plant height (2.97%), leaf area (19.11%), and total stomata (9.6%). Refugia plants affect the process of plant protection through their ability to attract pests in the research area

Plant acoustic frequency technology control system to increase vegetative growth in red-lettuce

The application of plant acoustic frequency technology (PAFT) can spur plant growth, increase productivity, immune system, quality, and extend the shelf life of agricultural products after harvest. The application of sound waves in plants can stimulate the opening of the stomata to optimally absorb nutrients and water. This study aims to determine the effect of frequency and time of PAFT exposure by utilizing Javanese gamelan traditional music on the vegetative growth of red-lettuce (Lactuca sativa var.). Javanese gamelan music used was titled Puspawarna with variations in the frequency of 3-5, 7-9, and 11-13 kHz. The variation of exposure time of sound waves was 1, 2, and 3 hours. PAFT exposure was given routinely in the morning and evening. The results of this study indicated that the best treatment was at 3-5 kHz with an exposure time of 2 hours. This treatment gave a significantly better effect when compared to plants without PAFT. The best combination of frequency and time of PAFT exposure produced 10 leaves, plant height of 9.4 cm, wet weight of 4 g, dry weight of 0.22 g, leaf area of 27.19 cm2, leaf red mean of 63, and stomata opening width of 145.44~206.59 µm

Potential effects of audible sound signals including music on plants: A new trigger

Plants are highly sensitive organisms and can indeed benefit from specific sound signals in multi-layered processes. Scientific evidences have shown the potential applications of sound wave treatment in plant biology. However, there are some limitations to sound wave treatment that must be overcome. We still do not understand how do plants initially perceive and recognize sound signals, which is very critical to maximize the effectiveness of the use of sound treatment from practical viewpoint. Proper setup of sound treatment equipment and detailed understanding and evaluation of the effects of selected frequencies and intensities along with sound exposure times are also very crucial during sound treatment. More experimental studies with different models need to be done in a multidisciplinary approach toward establishing suitable mechanism for sound treatment application in agriculture production. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of findings associated with potential effects of audible sound waves including music on different biological, physiological and biochemical processes in plants

Power analysis in designing an experiment: The effect of acoustic treatments on mung beans

Recently, acoustic treatments have become an attention in agricultural studies. Many researchers found that acoustic treatments can be a supplemental factor in enhancing plant growth. However, the researches on this field have been mostly restricted to find the significant effect of their studies. Although extensive researches have been carried out, few studies do not report the sample size used in their experiment. Hence, this study will emphasise on the application of power analysis in the phase of designing an experiment which focus on the experiment to find the effect of acoustic treatments on mung beans. This paper presents a step-by-step guide to find the minimum number of sample size needed to conduct the experiment and how retrospective power analysis is calculated specifically for the data analysis using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). Based on this study, the minimum total sample size estimated to conduct this experiment is 120 to 216. Upon conducting the experiment, the retrospective power is 97.3% and the effect size is 0.096. The effect size obtained can be a reference parameter for future experiment

Вплив звукового опромінення на метаболізм клітин Chlorella vulgaris

The urgency of the problem is to determine the parameters of the external factor, the effect of which on Chlorella vulgaris cells increases the biosynthesis of triacylglycerols – feedstock for biodiesel production without reducing the biomass growth rate. The purpose of the paper is to determine the impact of sound irradiation on Chlorella vulgaris metabolism and biomass growth. Cultivation was carried out in the Gromov 6 medium at a temperature of 18 ± 20С. The effect of sound irradiation with frequencies of 5, 10, 15 and 20 kHz, power of 5 W/cm2 on the yield of lipids and biomass is investigated. It is shown that ultrasound irradiation with a frequency of 20 kHz increases the growth of biomass by 10% and lipids by 3 times compared to non–irradiated cells. This irradiation frequency is optimum among the studied frequencies to be used as a factor of influence for biodiesel production from Chlorella vulgaris microalgae. Irradiation with sound spectrum frequencies affects the cell metabolism towards increased biosynthesis of lipids. The specific content of the lipid fraction exceeds its content in non–irradiated cells by 1.5, 2.1 and 2 times for frequencies of 15, 10 and 5 kHz, respectively. At the same time, irradiation of microalgae cells with frequencies of 10 and 15 kHz reduces the biomass growth by 10±1 % compared to the control sample.Рассмотрено возможность увеличения биомассы Chlorella vulgaris и содержания клетках липидной фракции с помощью звукового облучения. Показано, что наибольший прирост биомассы и липидной фракции наблюдается при облучении частотой 20 кГц. Облучение низкими частотами приводит к понижению прироста биомассы, но повышению удельного содержания липидной фракции.Розглянуто можливість збільшення біомаси Chlorella vulgaris та вмісту в клітинах ліпідної фракції за допомогою звукового опромінення. Показано, що найбільший приріст біомаси і ліпідної фракції спостерігається при опроміненні ультразвуком частотою 20 кГц. Опромінення нижчими частотами призводить до зниження приросту біомаси, але підвищує питомий вміст ліпідної фракції

Drought tolerance induced by sound in Arabidopsis plants

We examined the responses of sound-treated arabidopsis adult plants to water deprivation and the associated changes on gene expression. The survival of drought-induced plants was significantly higher in the sound treated plants (24,8%) compared with plants kept in silence (13,3%). RNA-seq revealed significant upregulation of 87 genes including 32 genes involved in abiotic stress responses, 31 involved in pathogen responses, 11 involved in oxidation-reduction processes, 5 involved in the regulation of transcription, 2 genes involved in protein phosphorylation/dephosphorylation and 13 involved in jasmonic acid or ethylene synthesis or responses. In addition, 2 genes involved in the responses to mechanical stimulus were also induced by sound, suggesting that touch and sound have at least partially common perception and signaling events

Fruit crops 1994: a summary of research

Effects of nitrogen fertilization on total yield, different yield components, and foliar levels of 'Heritage' raspberry / D. R. Baral, G. A. Cahoon -- Influence of training stakes and various pruning and bending techniques on early performance of 'Fuji' apple trees / D. C. Ferree, J. C. Schmid -- Pilot project for integrated pest management in Ohio apple orchards / C. Welty -- Relationship of canopy micro-climate and apple tree fruit and leaf performance / D. Ferree, J. Tew, D. Miller, R. Brazee, R. Fox -- Effect of root pruning on shoot tip ethylene production and xylem concentrations of cytokinln and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid in young apple trees / J. R. Schupp, D. C. Ferree -- Rootstock effects on spur characteristics, spur leaf nitrogen content and early production of apple trees / M. Rottgerman, D. Ferree, J. Schmid -- Inhibition of growth of crown-gall-causing bacteria (Agrobacterium tumefaciens) by polyamine synthesis inhibitors / T. Ponappa, A. R. Miller -- Relationships among apple weight, seed number, seed weight, germination date and apple seedling vigor / D. D. Miller, K. Kaiser -- Evaluation of organic and conventional fungicide programs for control of apple scab in Ohio / M. A. Ellis, L. V. Madden, L. L. Wilson, D. C. Ferree -- Evaluation of commercially available serological test kits for diagnosis of apple crown and root rot caused by Phytophthora spp in Ohio / M. A. Ellis, S. A. Miller -- A survey of the pest management practices, information sources, needs, and decision making criteria of Ohio apple growers / F. A. Hale, F. R. Hall -- Effects of cultural systems on the horticultural performance and fruit quality of strawberries / J. C. Scheerens, G. L. Brenneman -- Performance of new or uncommon strawberry cultivars grown under Ohio cultural conditions / G. L. Brenneman, J. C. Scheerens -- A comparison of spray drift deposited on ground and airborne spray collectors and on soybean plants / R. D. Fox, S. M. Hussein, D. L. Reichard, R. D. Brazee, F. R. Hall -- Experimental vs. computer-predicted air velocities for a cross-flow sprayer / R. D. Fox, R. D. Brazee, S. A. Svensson, D. L. Reichar