The era of nano-bionic: 2D materials for wearable and implantable body sensors

Nano-bionics have the potential of revolutionizing modern medicine. Among nano-bionic devices, body sensors allow to monitor in real-time the health of patients, to achieve personalized medicine, and even to restore or enhance human functions. The advent of two-dimensional (2D) materials is facilitating the manufacturing of miniaturized and ultrathin bioelectronics, that can be easily integrated in the human body. Their unique electronic properties allow to efficiently transduce physical and chemical stimuli into electric current. Their flexibility and nanometric thickness facilitate the adaption and adhesion to human body. The low opacity permits to obtain transparent devices. The good cellular adhesion and reduced cytotoxicity are advantageous for the integration of the devices in vivo. Herein we review the latest and more significant examples of 2D material-based sensors for health monitoring, describing their architectures, sensing mechanisms, advantages and, as well, the challenges and drawbacks that hampers their translation into commercial clinical devices

연성 및 생재흡수성 전자소자용 비휘발성 메모리 소자와 집적센서 구현

학위논문 (박사)-- 서울대학교 대학원 : 화학생물공학부, 2015. 8. 김대형.Over years, major advances in healthcare have been made through research in the fields of nanomaterials and microelectronics technologies. However, the mechanical and geometrical constraints inherent in the standard forms of rigid electronics have imposed challanges of unique integration and therapeutic delivery in non-invasive and minimally invasive medical devices. Here, we describe two types of multifunctional electronic systems. The first type is wearable-on-the-skin systems that address the challenges via monolithic integration of nanomembranes fabricated by top-down approach, nanotubes and nanoparticles assembled by bottom-up strategies, and stretchable electronics on tissue-like polymeric substrate. The system consists of physiological sensors, non-volatile memory, logic gates, and drug-release actuators. Some quantitative analyses on the operation of each electronics, mechanics, heat-transfer, and drug-diffusion characteristic validated their system-level multi-functionalities. The second type is a bioresorbable electronic stent with drug-infused functionalized nanoparticles that takes flow sensing, temperature monitoring, data storage, wireless power/data transmission, inflammation suppression, localized drug delivery, and photothermal therapy. In vivo and ex vivo animal experiments as well as in vitro cell researches demonstrate its unrecognized potential for bioresorbable electronic implants coupled with bioinert therapeutic nanoparticles in the endovascular system. As demonstrations of these technologies, we herein highlight two representative examples of multifunctional systems in order of increasing degree of invasiveness: electronically enabled wearable patch and endovascular electronic stent that incorporate onboard physiological monitoring, data storage, and therapy under moist and mechanically rigorous conditions.Contents Abstract Chapter 1. Introduction 1.1 Organic flexible and wearable electronics.................................................. 1 1.2 Inorganic flexible and wearable electronics............................................... 14 1.3 Flexible non-volatile memory devices.......................................................... 25 1.4 Bioresorbable materials and devices........................................................... 34 References Chapter 2. Multifunctional wearable devices for diagnosis and therapy of movement disorders 2.1 Introduction ................................................................................. 45 2.2 Experimental Section ......................................................................... 49 2.3 Result and Discussion ........................................................................ 65 2.4 Conclusion ................................................................................... 95 References Chapter 3. Stretchable Carbon Nanotube Charge-Trap Floating-Gate Memory and Logic Devices for Wearable Electronics 3.1 Introduction ................................................................................ 101 3.2 Experimental Section ........................................................................ 104 3.3 Result and Discussion ....................................................................... 107 3.4 Conclusion .................................................................................. 138 References Chapter 4. Bioresorbable Electronic Stent Integrated with Therapeutic Nanoparticles for Endovascular Diseases 4.1 Introduction ................................................................................ 148 4.2 Experimental Section ........................................................................ 151 4.3 Result and Discussion ....................................................................... 173 4.4 Conclusion .................................................................................. 219 References 국문 초록 (Abstract in Korean) .................................................................. 230Docto

The 2023 wearable photoplethysmography roadmap

Photoplethysmography is a key sensing technology which is used in wearable devices such as smartwatches and fitness trackers. Currently, photoplethysmography sensors are used to monitor physiological parameters including heart rate and heart rhythm, and to track activities like sleep and exercise. Yet, wearable photoplethysmography has potential to provide much more information on health and wellbeing, which could inform clinical decision making. This Roadmap outlines directions for research and development to realise the full potential of wearable photoplethysmography. Experts discuss key topics within the areas of sensor design, signal processing, clinical applications, and research directions. Their perspectives provide valuable guidance to researchers developing wearable photoplethysmography technology

Biomedical Engineering

Biomedical engineering is currently relatively wide scientific area which has been constantly bringing innovations with an objective to support and improve all areas of medicine such as therapy, diagnostics and rehabilitation. It holds a strong position also in natural and biological sciences. In the terms of application, biomedical engineering is present at almost all technical universities where some of them are targeted for the research and development in this area. The presented book brings chosen outputs and results of research and development tasks, often supported by important world or European framework programs or grant agencies. The knowledge and findings from the area of biomaterials, bioelectronics, bioinformatics, biomedical devices and tools or computer support in the processes of diagnostics and therapy are defined in a way that they bring both basic information to a reader and also specific outputs with a possible further use in research and development