Incremental Construction of an Associative Network from a Corpus

This paper presents a computational model of the incremental construction of an associative network from a corpus. It is aimed at modeling the development of the human semantic memory. It is not based on a vector representation, which does not well reproduce the asymmetrical property of word similarity, but rather on a network representation. Compared to Latent Semantic Analysis, it is incremental which is cognitively more plausible. It is also an attempt to take into account higher-order co-occurrences in the construction of word similarities. This model was compared to children association norms. A good correlation as well as a similar gradient of similarity were found

Exploring the role of materials in policy change: innovation in low energy housing in the UK

We find and prove new Pohozaev identities and integration by parts type formulas for anisotropic integrodifferential operators of order 2s, with s¿(0,1). These identities involve local boundary terms, in which the quantity (Formula presented.) plays the role that ¿u/¿¿ plays in the second-order case. Here, u is any solution to Lu = f(x,u) in O, with u = 0 in RnO, and d is the distance to ¿O.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

High-Speed Projects in the United States: Identifying the Elements for Success-Part 1, MTI Report 05-01

For almost half a century, high-speed ground transportation (HSGT) has held the promise of fast, convenient, and environmentally sound travel for distances between 40 and 600 miles. While a number of HSGT systems have been developed and deployed in Asia and Europe, none has come close to being implemented in the United States. Yet this is not for lack of trying. There have been several efforts around the country, most of which have failed, some of which are still in the early stages, and a few of which might come to pass. The goal of this study was to identify lessons learned for successfully developing and implementing high-speed rail (HSR) in the United States. Through a broad literature review, interviews, and three specific case studies—Florida, California, and the Pacific Northwest—this study articulates those lessons and presents themes for future consideration

An incremental three-pass system combination framework by combining multiple hypothesis alignment methods

System combination has been applied successfully to various machine translation tasks in recent years. As is known, the hypothesis alignment method is a critical factor for the translation quality of system combination. To date, many effective hypothesis alignment metrics have been proposed and applied to the system combination, such as TER, HMM, ITER, IHMM, and SSCI. In addition, Minimum Bayes-risk (MBR) decoding and confusion networks (CN) have become state-of-the-art techniques in system combination. In this paper, we examine different hypothesis alignment approaches and investigate how much the hypothesis alignment results impact on system combination, and finally present a three-pass system combination strategy that can combine hypothesis alignment results derived from multiple alignment metrics to generate a better translation. Firstly, these different alignment metrics are carried out to align the backbone and hypotheses, and the individual CNs are built corresponding to each set of alignment results; then we construct a ‘super network’ by merging the multiple metric-based CNs to generate a consensus output. Finally a modified MBR network approach is employed to find the best overall translation. Our proposed strategy outperforms the best single confusion network as well as the best single system in our experiments on the NIST Chinese-to-English test set and the WMT2009 English-to-French system combination shared test set

Anchorage of Innovations: Assessing Dutch efforts to use the greenhouse effect as an energy source

This case study concerns the Dutch glasshouse horticulture sector which is responsible for 10% of the country’s natural gas consumption. Various developments resulted in internal as well as external pressures to bring this down. This has led to a variety of ‘alternative energy approaches’ for the sector. The interactions between niche and regime, however, are not well understood. Building on Loeber (2003) the concept of ‘anchorage’ to analyse this interaction is used. It is concluded that the concept of anchorage provides a useful tool to study the interaction between niche and regime and the crooked pathways of ‘innovation in the making