5,596 research outputs found
Incorporating a metropolis method in a distribution estimation using Markov random field algorithm.
Markov Random Field (MRF) modelling techniques have been recently proposed as a novel approach to probabilistic modelling for Estimation of Distribution Algorithms (EDAs)[34, 4]. An EDA using this technique, presented in [34], was called Distribution Estimation using Markov Random Fields (DEUM). DEUM was later extended to DEUMd [32, 33]. DEUM and DEUMd use a univariate model of probability distribution, and have been shown to perform better than other univariate EDAs for a range of optimization problems. This paper extends DEUMd to incorporate a simple Metropolis method and empirically shows that for linear univariate problems the proposed univariate MRF models are very effective. In particular, the proposed DEUMd algorithm can find the solution in O(n) fitness evaluations. Furthermore, we suggest that the Metropolis method can also be used to extend the DEUM approach to multivariate problems
Locating and quantifying gas emission sources using remotely obtained concentration data
We describe a method for detecting, locating and quantifying sources of gas
emissions to the atmosphere using remotely obtained gas concentration data; the
method is applicable to gases of environmental concern. We demonstrate its
performance using methane data collected from aircraft. Atmospheric point
concentration measurements are modelled as the sum of a spatially and
temporally smooth atmospheric background concentration, augmented by
concentrations due to local sources. We model source emission rates with a
Gaussian mixture model and use a Markov random field to represent the
atmospheric background concentration component of the measurements. A Gaussian
plume atmospheric eddy dispersion model represents gas dispersion between
sources and measurement locations. Initial point estimates of background
concentrations and source emission rates are obtained using mixed L2-L1
optimisation over a discretised grid of potential source locations. Subsequent
reversible jump Markov chain Monte Carlo inference provides estimated values
and uncertainties for the number, emission rates and locations of sources
unconstrained by a grid. Source area, atmospheric background concentrations and
other model parameters are also estimated. We investigate the performance of
the approach first using a synthetic problem, then apply the method to real
data collected from an aircraft flying over: a 1600 km^2 area containing two
landfills, then a 225 km^2 area containing a gas flare stack
Metropolis-Hastings prefetching algorithms
Prefetching is a simple and general method for single-chain parallelisation of the Metropolis-Hastings algorithm based on the idea of evaluating the posterior in parallel and ahead of time. In this paper improved Metropolis-Hastings prefetching algorithms are presented and evaluated. It is shown how to use available information to make better predictions of the future states of the chain and increase the efficiency of prefetching considerably. The optimal acceptance rate for the prefetching random walk Metropolis-Hastings algorithm is obtained for a special case and it is shown to decrease in the number of processors employed. The performance of the algorithms is illustrated using a well-known macroeconomic model. Bayesian estimation of DSGE models, linearly or nonlinearly approximated, is identified as a potential area of application for prefetching methods. The generality of the proposed method, however, suggests that it could be applied in many other contexts as well.Prefetching; Metropolis-Hastings; Parallel Computing; DSGE models; Optimal acceptance rate
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