7,967 research outputs found
Are Large Language Models Ready for Healthcare? A Comparative Study on Clinical Language Understanding
Large language models (LLMs) have made significant progress in various
domains, including healthcare. However, the specialized nature of clinical
language understanding tasks presents unique challenges and limitations that
warrant further investigation. In this study, we conduct a comprehensive
evaluation of state-of-the-art LLMs, namely GPT-3.5, GPT-4, and Bard, within
the realm of clinical language understanding tasks. These tasks span a diverse
range, including named entity recognition, relation extraction, natural
language inference, semantic textual similarity, document classification, and
question-answering. We also introduce a novel prompting strategy,
self-questioning prompting (SQP), tailored to enhance LLMs' performance by
eliciting informative questions and answers pertinent to the clinical scenarios
at hand. Our evaluation underscores the significance of task-specific learning
strategies and prompting techniques for improving LLMs' effectiveness in
healthcare-related tasks. Additionally, our in-depth error analysis on the
challenging relation extraction task offers valuable insights into error
distribution and potential avenues for improvement using SQP. Our study sheds
light on the practical implications of employing LLMs in the specialized domain
of healthcare, serving as a foundation for future research and the development
of potential applications in healthcare settings.Comment: 19 pages, preprin
Towards Interoperability in E-health Systems: a three-dimensional approach based on standards and semantics
Proceedings of: HEALTHINF 2009 (International Conference on Helath Informatics), Porto (Portugal), January 14-17, 2009, is part of BIOSTEC (Intemational Joint Conference on Biomedical Engineering Systems and Technologies)The interoperability problem in eHealth can only be addressed by mean of combining standards and technology. However, these alone do not suffice. An appropiate framework that articulates such combination is required. In this paper, we adopt a three-dimensional (information, conference and inference) approach for such framework, based on OWL as formal language for terminological and ontological health resources, SNOMED CT as lexical backbone for all such resources, and the standard CEN 13606 for representing EHRs. Based on tha framewok, we propose a novel form for creating and supporting networks of clinical terminologies. Additionally, we propose a number of software modules to semantically process and exploit EHRs, including NLP-based search and inference, wich can support medical applications in heterogeneous and distributed eHealth systems.This work has been funded as part of the Spanish nationally funded projects ISSE (FIT-350300-2007-75) and CISEP (FIT-350301-2007-18). We also acknowledge IST-2005-027595 EU project NeO
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