Memory Boxes: An Experimental Approach to Cultural Transfer in History, 1500-2000

This volume discusses a practical approach to cultural transfer and exchange through the concept of »memory box«. Ideas of displacement, transfer, and cultural memory are explored through case studies from Scotland to Italy and Germany and from Finland and France to the American colonies. The authors develop an understanding of memory boxes as cultural constructions that are involved in the process of making and disputing memory - but which, simultaneously, are important agents for cultural transfer over space and time. This book emphasises "memory box" as an idea that allows us to study the cultural processes of transfer in conjunction with cultural memory

Architecture for Community and Spectacle: The Roofed Arena in North America, 1853-1968

This dissertation provides the first treatment of the origins and development of the roofed arena in the United States and Canada. Supported by archival resources of graphics and text, and informed by direct contact with arena architects, design and operations staff, this study examines the arena as a place for spectacle within the larger environments of city and campus. The arena\u27s site, massing, and design revealed the expectations of its sponsorship. The arena\u27s internal configuration of roofed seating bowl, floor, portals, and passages was a purposeful arrangement intended to accommodate attendees and manage their movement through architectural space. The first chapter focuses on the transmission to the nineteenth century, via the architecture of theater, circus, and other spaces of public assembly, of the Greek and Roman hippodrome oval for accommodation of multiple kinds of revenue-generating activities situated within a circular, elliptical, or rectilinear seating bowl. The significance of the Royal Albert Hall, London, as the conceptual model for the presentation of modern indoor spectacle is recognized. But within the context of the growth or urban centers and the expansion of commercial leisure, Stanford White\u27s Madison Square Garden, New York, is documented as the principal formal model. White\u27s facility, a hippodrome within a rectangular industrial shed, whose impact was amplified by the communications media that disseminated its image and the reports of its spectacle, generated successors on a continental scale. The research method identified buildings, sought to find relevant information, and fixed the buildings along a time line. Populated with enough examples, the time sequence yields affinities and clarifies differences, making possible useful generalizations about site and design in context. Across the time period considered, enclosure evolved from arched and pitched forms, and thin-shell experiments, toward the anti-industrial dome and drum. The emergence of tensile solutions allowed roof support to act as a design element as well as engineering. But by the end of the 1960s, circular and ovoid buildings receded in favor of the operationally more efficient rectilinear footprint covered by a flat truss or space frame. Exteriors of brick and stone became complex fields of concrete, glass, and multiple forms of metal. Over the long term, internal treatment of attendee space emphasized presentation of finished surface. This dissertation identifies those formal architectural attributes that carried the arena\u27s programmatic objectives. It examines the emergence of the commercial, mercantile arena; higher education\u27s recognition of the capacity of the architectural fabric of arenas to support institutional growth; and municipalities\u27 use of the form to project government-defined civic values. The chronological narrative recognizes the intensity of concurrent strands of development between the World Wars and concludes by noting arena managements\u27 increasing interest in building commercial destinations for attendees outside the seating bowl. Finally, the work establishes the role of the arena in large-scale repurposing of urban land in the 1960s. The Appendix is an extensive census of the large roofed arenas built in North America between 1853 and 1968. It provides the name of the facility, dates of design and opening, architect, type of siting, and configuration of building envelope. The Appendix introduces distinctions useful for analysis. Component siting, in contrast to independent siting, indicates placement of the arena within a system of buildings of associated purpose. Centroidal positioning indicates a building\u27s occupation at the functional center of mass. Building envelope--with pitched or arched roof or other kind of enclosure--operates with siting as another indicator of sponsors\u27 Intent. By assembling and reading the evidence of site, design, and operation, this paper ventures an approach to understanding the place of the roofed arena in the North American urban landscape. It is hoped that this work will invite and assist investigation into related issues, e.g., the architectural profession\u27s approach to arena projects and, particularly, the commercial archaeology and human geography of the arena\u27s interior zones

Characterization of CD8 T cell responses in Mycobacterium Tuberculosis infection

The aim of this project was to compare the breadth and magnitude of CFP10 and ESAT6-specific CD8 T cell responses in individuals with latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infection (LTBI) and active TB disease, and further define MTB-specific CD8 T cell phenotypes associated with latent infection and active disease. Ex vivo IFN? Elispots and proliferation assays were used to identify immunodominant ESAT6 and CFP10 15mer peptides targeted by CD8 T cells in LTBI and TB donors. A multiparameter flow cytometry panel was designed and optimized to assess turnover, susceptibility to apoptosis and terminal differentiation/senescence in CD8 T cells from TB and LTBI donors. Bcl-2, Ki67,CD95, CD57, CD127 and IFNγ were thus measured in each group

Shell-shock in First World War Britain: an intellectual and medical history, c.1860-c.1920

PhDHistorians have identified shell-shock, a contemporary umbrella term for the range of nervous and mental afflictions suffered by soldiers in the First World War, as a key episode in the transition to modern psychological approaches to mental disorder in Britain. This thesis argues that wartime theories of shell-shock display considerable continuity with central tenets of pre-war psychological medicine. An approach to the history of shell-shock which emphasises continuity opens new perspectives on the significance of the episode for British psychiatry and society in the early twentieth century. This thesis shows that theories of shell-shock were formulated within an evolutionary framework of understanding, and breaks down the conventional historiographical division between `organic' and `psychological' explanations of the war neuroses. It argues that in the debates on shell-shock, doctors explored questions about the constituents of human identity which had been given fresh urgency by the Darwinian revolution. They attempted to understand the relative roles of mind and body in the causation of mental disorder, but also invoked other conceptual pairings: the relations between animal and human behaviour, the balance of emotion and will in ideal conduct, the influence of heredity and environment in shaping action, and the interaction of individual and social psychologies. Wartime psychological medicine thus drew on and extended existing debates within and outside medicine, including those on the traumatic neuroses, crowd psychology and democracy, and the relative rights and responsibilities of citizen and state. The thesis argues that the importance of shell-shock therefore extended beyond its putative effect on British psychology. Theories of the war neuroses were a microcosm of debates on the nature of modernity, its nebulous effects on the individual, and its consequences for society

Nietzsche and mountains.

SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre-DSC:DXN011717 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo

“A NEW MODE OF EXPRESSION”: KAROL SZYMANOWSKI’S FIRST VIOLIN CONCERTO OP. 35 WITHIN A DIONYSIAN CONTEXT

This thesis examines Karol Szymanowski’s First Violin Concerto, op. 35 as a Dionysian work of music. Written in collaboration with Polish violinist Paweł Kochański, Szymanowski claimed this work heralded a ‘new mode of expression’ for the instrument. One of the primary sources of influence behind this ‘new mode’ can be attributed to the spirit of the ancient Greek god Dionysus, via his late nineteenth-century literary revival by Friedrich Nietzsche and Walter Pater. Tadeusz Miciński’s poem May Night will be examined within the framework of literary movements at the fin-de-siècle. The violin idiom created with Kochański to express this new spirit is examined within the context of the violin concerto genre and late Romantic orchestral repertoire. Finally, Szymanowski and Kochański’s collaborative legacy will be discussed in relation to Prokofiev’s First Violin Concerto and the landscape of twentieth-century violin literature