Back Matter including Contributors and Index to The role of the library in an electronic society: Papers presented at the 1979 Clinic on Library Applications of Data Processing

published or submitted for publicatio

Chemotactic Cues for NOTCH1-Dependent Leukemia

The NOTCH signaling pathway is a conserved signaling cascade that regulates many aspects of development and homeostasis in multiple organ systems. Aberrant activity of this signaling pathway is linked to the initiation and progression of several hematological malignancies, exemplified by T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). Interestingly, frequent non-mutational activation of NOTCH1 signaling has recently been demonstrated in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL), significantly extending the pathogenic significance of this pathway in B-CLL. Leukemia patients often present with high-blood cell counts, diffuse disease with infiltration of the bone marrow, secondary lymphoid organs, and diffusion to the central nervous system (CNS). Chemokines are chemotactic cytokines that regulate migration of cells between tissues and the positioning and interactions of cells within tissue. Homeostatic chemokines and their receptors have been implicated in regulating organ-specific infiltration, but may also directly and indirectly modulate tumor growth. Recently, oncogenic NOTCH1 has been shown to regulate infiltration of leukemic cells into the CNS hijacking the CC-chemokine ligand 19/CC-chemokine receptor 7 chemokine axis. In addition, a crucial role for the homing receptor axis CXC-chemokine ligand 12/CXC-chemokine receptor 4 has been demonstrated in leukemia maintenance and progression. Moreover, the CCL25/CCR9 axis has been implicated in the homing of leukemic cells into the gut, particularly in the presence of phosphatase and tensin homolog tumor suppressor loss. In this review, we summarize the latest developments regarding the role of NOTCH signaling in regulating the chemotactic microenvironmental cues involved in the generation and progression of T-ALL and compare these findings to B-CLL

From 'scientific revolution' to 'unscientific revolution': an analysis of approaches to the history of generative linguistics

This paper is devoted to the challenge that generative linguistics poses for linguistic historiography. As a first step, it presents a systematic overview of 19 approaches to the history of generative linguistics. Second, it analyzes the approaches overviewed by asking and answering the following questions: (a) To what extent and how are the views at issue biased? (b) What central topics do the approaches discuss, how successfully do they tackle them, and how do the various standpoints converge and diverge? (c) How do the approaches relate to general trends in the philosophy and history of science? The concluding step summarizes our findings with respect to Chomsky’s impact on linguistic historiography

Scientific information mapping: cocitation networks of classes and categories in scientific production of Medicine from Madrid´s researchers (1995-2003)

XXVII International Sunbelt Social Network Conference. V Mesa Hispana para el análisis de redes sociales. Corfu (Greece), May 2, 2007.La representación intelectual de una disciplina científica es un aspecto crítico en los trabajos bibliométricos. En esta investigación se presentan los resultados de un estudio bibliométrico con los mapas elaborados que representan los vínculos intelectuales de naturaleza estructural en la disciplina de la Medicina. Se han realizado a partir del análisis de 22499 documentos contenidos en el Web of Knowledge producidos en la Comunidad de Madrid, durante el período comprendido entre 1995 y 2003. Se ha empleado la técnica de cocitación de clases y categorías, utilizando en la visualización técnicas de redes sociales. El objetivo del trabajo, ha sido representar y examinar las relaciones disciplinares que se producen en este dominio a partir de la coocurrencia de la categorías temáticas de las revistas en las que publican sus investigaciones. Para ello, se han construido mapas heliocéntricos de cocitación de clases y tambien de categorías con el software Pajek, con técnicas que descubren la estructura de la red intelectual de la disciplina. Los mapas resultantes muestran los amplios vínculos temáticos internos y externos que posee la disciplina y pueden ser interpretados como una representación que muestra las dimensiones intelectuales del dominio tal y como queda reflejada en las publicaciones científicas de los investigadores.Intellectual representation of a scientific discipline is often a critical aspect of bibliometric research. A cocitation analisys about Madrid´s scientific production in Medicine was conducted over a time period spanning the years 1995-2003 from 22499 Web of Knowledge`s documents. The object of the work reported here has been to represent and to examine the intellectual relations that take place in this domain from the co-occurrence data of the thematic categories of the scientific journals in which researchers publish its results. We use Journal Citation Reports (JCR) categories as units of cocitation and measurement for the construction of heliocentric maps. Applying visualization techniques and social network analysis using Pajek, we presented three maps. The resulting maps shows the intellectual range of bonds that the discipline has and could be interpreted like a representation that shows the intellectual dimensions of the domain as it is reflected in scientific publications of researchers

Research on Scientific Journals: Implications for Editors and Authors

A review of editorial policies of leading journals and of research relevant to scientific journals revealed conflicts between 'science' and 'scientists.” Owing to these conflicts, papers are often weak on objectivity and replicability. Furthermore, papers often fall short on importance, competence, intelligibility, or efficiency. Suggestions were made for editorial policies such as: (1) structured guidelines for referees, (2) open peer review, (3) blind reviews, and (4) full disclosure of data and method. Of major importance, an author's “Note to Referees” (describing the hypotheses and design, but not the results) was suggested to improve the objectivity of the ratings of importance and competence. Also, recommendations are made to authors for improving contributions to science (such as the use of multiple hypotheses) and for promoting their careers (such as using complex methods and obtuse writing).scientific journals, authors, research, editors

A scientometric approach to communication research: the Marshall McLuhan case

The application of the Cameo (Characterizations Automatically Made and Edited Online) bibliometric technique -one of the most advanced methodologies for the analysis and representation of information- to the research history of Marshall McLuhan allows us to create a scientific portrait of this Canadian communications expert. The Cameo portrait identifies McLuhan’s professional and academic interests, the authors that most heavily influenced his wave-breaking theories and the evolution of his line of thought in current trends of Communication. By analysing the relational information of citations contained in articles about McLuhan in the ISI Web of Science, we were able to create a map of his intellectual sojourns, including signposts of the most influential authors in his professional career, along with a second representation that shows the “footprints” his writings have left in the world

Lexical ambiguity and acoustic distance in discrimination

This work presents a perceptual study on how acoustic details and knowledge of the lexicon influence discrimination decisions. English-speaking listeners were less likely to identify phonologically matching items as the same when they differed in vowel duration, but differences in mean F0 did not have an effect. Although both are components of English contrasts, the results only provide evidence for attention to vowel duration as a potentially contrastive cue. Lexical ambiguity was a predictor of response time. Pairs with matching duration were identified more quickly than pairs with distinct duration, but only among lexically ambiguous items, indicating that lexical ambiguity mediates attention to acoustic detail. Lexical ambiguity also interacted with neighborhood density: Among lexically unambiguous words, the proportion of 'same' responses decreased with neighborhood density, but there was no effect among lexically ambiguous words. This interaction suggests that evaluating phonological similarity depends more on lexical information when the items are lexically unambiguous

In vitam et post-mortem: expressões de gratidão a Derek de Solla Price em agradecimentos e obituários acadêmicos

In the science communication process, expressions of gratitude for contributions given and received by peers can reveal scientificrecognition to those who somehow contributed to a certain research and to advance knowledge in a specific area. In this context,the object of study of this article is the acknowledgments and academic obituaries published in scientific journals, with the aim ofanalyzing the presence of the invisible college and the scientific collaboration of Derek de Solla Price in these publications. eadopted methodology combined bibliometric and content analysis. The data source was Google Scholar and the research corpusconsisted of articles (n = 46) containing acknowledgments and academic obituaries (n = 26) to Price. e following variableswere analyzed: authors and authors, time evolution of articles, titles of journals and areas of knowledge of acknowledgmentsand academic obituaries. The results revealed that Price's invisible college and scientific collaboration network were composed ofauthors from the fields of scientometry, sociology of science and history of science and technology