Selected Algorithms of Quantitative Image Analysis for Measurements of Properties Characterizing Interfacial Interactions at High Temperatures.

In the case of every quantitative image analysis system a very important issue is to improve the quality of images to be analyzed, in other words, their pre-processing. As a result of pre-processing, the significant part of the redundant information and disturbances (which could originate from imperfect vision system components) should be removed from the image. Another particularly important problem to be solved is the right choice of image segmentation procedures. Segmentation essence is to divide an image into disjoint subsets that meet certain criteria for homogeneity (e.g. color, brightness or texture). The result of segmentation should allow the most precise determination of geometrical features of objects present in a scene with a minimum of computing effort. The measurement of geometric properties of objects present in the scene is the subject of image analysis

Information Extraction and Modeling from Remote Sensing Images: Application to the Enhancement of Digital Elevation Models

To deal with high complexity data such as remote sensing images presenting metric resolution over large areas, an innovative, fast and robust image processing system is presented. The modeling of increasing level of information is used to extract, represent and link image features to semantic content. The potential of the proposed techniques is demonstrated with an application to enhance and regularize digital elevation models based on information collected from RS images

Apports de l'ultra large bande et de la diversité de polarisation du radar de sol pour l'auscultation des ouvrages du génie civil

The Ground Penetrating Radar technique (GPR) is now widely used as a non destructive probing and imaging tool in several civil engineering applications mainly concerning inspection of construction materials and structures, mapping of underground utilities and voids, characterization of sub-structures, foundations and soil and estimation of sub-surface volumetric moisture content. GPR belongs to a continuously evolving field due to electronic integration, high-performance computing, and advanced signal processing. The promotion of this technology relies on the development of new system configurations and data processing tools for the interpretation of sub-surface images. In this context, the work presents first the dual polarization UWB ground coupled GPR system which has been developed recently. Then, the data processing has focalized on the development of analysis tools to transform the raw images in a more user-readable image in order to improve the GPR data interpretation especially within the scope of detection of urban pipes and soil characterization. The processing means used concern clutter removal in the pre-processing step using adaptations and extensions of the PCA and ICA algorithms. Moreover, a template matching image processing technique is presented to help the detection of hyperbola within GPR raw B-scan images. The dual polarization is finally shown to bring additional information and to improve the detection of buried dielectric objects or medium discontinuities. The performances of our analysis approaches are illustrated using synthetic data (3D FDTD simulations) and field-measurement data in controlled environments. Different polarization configurations and dielectric characteristics of objects have been considered. The potential for target discrimination has been quantified using statistical criteria such as ROCLa technique de Georadar (GPR) est actuellement largement utilisée comme une technique non-destructive de sondage et d'imagerie dans plusieurs applications du génie civil qui concernent principalement: l'inspection des structures et des matériaux de construction, la cartographie des réseaux enterrés et des cavités, la caractérisation des fondations souterraines et du sol ainsi que l'estimation de la teneur en eau volumique du sous-sol. Le radar GPR est une technique en continuelle évolution en raison de l'intégration toujours plus poussée des équipements électroniques, des performances des calculateurs numériques, et des traitements du signal avancés. La promotion de cette technologie repose sur le développement de nouvelles configurations de systèmes et d'outils de traitement des données en vue de l'interprétation des images du sous-sol. Dans ce contexte, les travaux de cette thèse présentent tout d'abord le système GPR ULB (Ultra large bande) à double polarisation couplé au sol, lequel a été développé récemment au laboratoire. Par la suite, les traitement des données ont été focalisés sur le développement d'outils d'analyse en vue d'obtenir à partir des images brutes des images plus facilement lisibles par l'utilisateur afin d'améliorer l'interprétation des données GPR, en particulier dans le cadre de la détection de canalisations urbaines et la caractérisation des sols. Les moyens de traitement utilisés concernent l'élimination du clutter au cours d'une étape de prétraitement en utilisant des adaptations et des extensions des algorithmes fondés sur les techniques PCA et ICA. De plus, une technique de traitement d'image ‘'template matching” a été proposée pour faciliter la détection d'hyperbole dans une image Bscan de GPR. La diversité de polarisation est enfin abordée, dans le but de fournir des informations supplémentaires pour la détection d'objets diélectriques et des discontinuités du sous-sol. Les performances de nos outils d'analyse sont évaluées sur de données synthétiques (simulations 3D FDTD) et des données de mesures obtenues dans des environnements contrôlés. Pour cela, nous avons considéré différentes configurations de polarisation et des objets à caractéristiques diélectriques variées. Le potentiel de discrimination des cibles a été quantifié en utilisant le critère statistique fondé sur les courbes RO

Advances in Solid State Circuit Technologies

This book brings together contributions from experts in the fields to describe the current status of important topics in solid-state circuit technologies. It consists of 20 chapters which are grouped under the following categories: general information, circuits and devices, materials, and characterization techniques. These chapters have been written by renowned experts in the respective fields making this book valuable to the integrated circuits and materials science communities. It is intended for a diverse readership including electrical engineers and material scientists in the industry and academic institutions. Readers will be able to familiarize themselves with the latest technologies in the various fields

Ultra-high-speed imaging of bubbles interacting with cells and tissue

Ultrasound contrast microbubbles are exploited in molecular imaging, where bubbles are directed to target cells and where their high-scattering cross section to ultrasound allows for the detection of pathologies at a molecular level. In therapeutic applications vibrating bubbles close to cells may alter the permeability of cell membranes, and these systems are therefore highly interesting for drug and gene delivery applications using ultrasound. In a more extreme regime bubbles are driven through shock waves to sonoporate or kill cells through intense stresses or jets following inertial bubble collapse. Here, we elucidate some of the underlying mechanisms using the 25-Mfps camera Brandaris128, resolving the bubble dynamics and its interactions with cells. We quantify acoustic microstreaming around oscillating bubbles close to rigid walls and evaluate the shear stresses on nonadherent cells. In a study on the fluid dynamical interaction of cavitation bubbles with adherent cells, we find that the nonspherical collapse of bubbles is responsible for cell detachment. We also visualized the dynamics of vibrating microbubbles in contact with endothelial cells followed by fluorescent imaging of the transport of propidium iodide, used as a membrane integrity probe, into these cells showing a direct correlation between cell deformation and cell membrane permeability

MATLAB

A well-known statement says that the PID controller is the "bread and butter" of the control engineer. This is indeed true, from a scientific standpoint. However, nowadays, in the era of computer science, when the paper and pencil have been replaced by the keyboard and the display of computers, one may equally say that MATLAB is the "bread" in the above statement. MATLAB has became a de facto tool for the modern system engineer. This book is written for both engineering students, as well as for practicing engineers. The wide range of applications in which MATLAB is the working framework, shows that it is a powerful, comprehensive and easy-to-use environment for performing technical computations. The book includes various excellent applications in which MATLAB is employed: from pure algebraic computations to data acquisition in real-life experiments, from control strategies to image processing algorithms, from graphical user interface design for educational purposes to Simulink embedded systems