3,446 research outputs found
Derogatory, Racist, and Discriminatory Speech (DRDS) in Video Gaming
Video games have been examined for their effects on cognition, learning, health, and physiological arousal, yet research on social dynamics within video gaming is limited. Studies have documented the presence of derogation, racism, and discrimination in this anonymous medium. However, gamersâ firsthand experiences are typically examined qualitatively. Thus, this study aimed to establish a quantitative baseline for the frequency of derogatory, racist, and discriminatory speech (DRDS) in gaming. DRDS frequency, sexual harassment, and hate speech measures were administered to 150 individuals from online forums and social media groups. Descriptive and inferential analyses were used to gauge which factors affected DRDS rates. Sex, intergroup and fast-paced game types, time played with others, and identity portrayal showed positive correlations with DRDS. Results indicate an array of complex social and developmental factors contribute to experiencing, perceiving, and personally using DRDS. Implications include psychosocial health impacts similar to everyday harassment, with women being at a higher risk and age as a contributing factor
Talking about personal recovery in bipolar disorder: Integrating health research, natural language processing, and corpus linguistics to analyse peer online support forum posts
Background: Personal recovery, âliving a satisfying, hopeful and contributing lifeeven with the limitations caused by the illnessâ (Anthony, 1993) is of particular value in bipolar disorder where symptoms often persist despite treatment. So far, personal recovery has only been studied in researcher-constructed environments (interviews, focus groups). Support forum posts can serve as a complementary naturalistic data source. Objective: The overarching aim of this thesis was to study personal recovery experiences that people living with bipolar disorder have shared in online support forums through integrating health research, NLP, and corpus linguistics in a mixed methods approach within a pragmatic research paradigm, while considering ethical issues and involving people with lived experience. Methods: This mixed-methods study analysed: 1) previous qualitative evidence on personal recovery in bipolar disorder from interviews and focus groups 2) who self-reports a bipolar disorder diagnosis on the online discussion platform Reddit 3) the relationship of mood and posting in mental health-specific Reddit forums (subreddits) 4) discussions of personal recovery in bipolar disorder subreddits. Results: A systematic review of qualitative evidence resulted in the first framework for personal recovery in bipolar disorder, POETIC (Purpose & meaning, Optimism & hope, Empowerment, Tensions, Identity, Connectedness). Mainly young or middle-aged US-based adults self-report a bipolar disorder diagnosis on Reddit. Of these, those experiencing more intense emotions appear to be more likely to post in mental health support subreddits. Their personal recovery-related discussions in bipolar disorder subreddits primarily focussed on three domains: Purpose & meaning (particularly reproductive decisions, work), Connectedness (romantic relationships, social support), Empowerment (self-management, personal responsibility). Support forum data highlighted personal recovery issues that exclusively or more frequently came up online compared to previous evidence from interviews and focus groups. Conclusion: This project is the first to analyse non-reactive data on personal recovery in bipolar disorder. Indicating the key areas that people focus on in personal recovery when posting freely and the language they use provides a helpful starting point for formal and informal carers to understand the concerns of people diagnosed with bipolar disorder and to consider how best to offer support
Analytical validation of innovative magneto-inertial outcomes: a controlled environment study.
peer reviewe
âHave patients with chronic skin diseases needs been met?â:A thesis on psoriasis and eczema patient care in dermatology service
Background: Common chronic skin diseases such as eczema and psoriasis usually require long term medical care. They are often associated with psychological and metabolic comorbidities, which can impact on patient quality of life (QOL) and on the self-management of these diseases. Regular assessment of patient needs, comorbidities and feedback is a critical step in the development of decision-analytic models. Currently, no intervention is available to regularly assess such patientsâ needs and comorbidities and support their involvement in the decision-making and self-management of their morbidity and comorbidities. The aim of this research is to involve the patients in decision making of their care and to support their self-management by the use of a paper questionnaire (study tool) at each consultation. Objective: To explore the acceptability and potential of a self-developed paper questionnaire that constituted a study tool for addressing the needs, comorbidities, and feedback of patients with psoriasis and eczema and supporting their involvement in decision making and self-management of their chronic conditions. Method: A mixed method study was conducted and included a postal survey on adult male and female patients with psoriasis and eczema, using the study tool, which is a paper questionnaire and contains the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) and seven supplementary open-ended questions to capture patientsâ views, feedback, comorbidities, coping status and needs. The survey was followed by semi-structured face-to-face interviews with a sample of the patients who had participated in the survey. The aims of the interviews were two-fold: 1. to gain a deeper understanding of their experience of living with and managing their skin disease; and 2. to gather patient feedback on the service they received as well as their views on using the new study tool or any alternative intervention to address and support their self-management. The final study was a pilot which involved presenting a proposal of an online version of the study tool to a group of healthcare experts asking them to critically review the extent to which the online model responded to patients expressed needs. Results: Of the 114 patients who participated in the postal survey 108 (94.7%) of them expressed physical, metabolic and psychological comorbidities. Stress was identified as the dominant disease-triggering factor in 72 (63%) participants. Thirty-three (28.9%) of participants reported that they could not cope with their chronic illness. Eighteen (15.7%) participants suffered from anxiety, and 12 (10.5%) had depression and suicidal thoughts. Twenty-nine (25%) participants addressed their needs for support at home, and 16 (14%) of them asked for support at work. In the patient feedback section, 21 (18.4%) and 9 (7.8%) participants rated the service they received from their general practitioner (GP) and dermatologist as poor, respectively. In the interviews, all the participants 22 (100%) welcomed the use of the study tool on a regular basis to address their needs, comorbidities and feedback. Nineteen (86.3%) of them suggested that they would prefer using an online version of the tool or patient portal system as a convenient way of remote and interactive communication with the healthcare provider, particularly during the worsening of their skin condition. In the final pilot study, the healthcare experts agreed that the proposed online version of the study tool could be a convenient platform for such patients to support their self-management. They discussed the potential importance of such a tool if it provided them with access to supportive services such as patient information on skin diseases and self-management, access to local mental health service and other relevant psoriasis and eczema patientsâ support groups and charities. Conclusion: This novel mixed method research identified knowledge gaps in managing patients with psoriasis and eczema. It provided a new tool that has the potential to regularly engage and assess patientsâ unmet needs, comorbidities and feedback. The tool can involve patients in decision-making and offers them the autonomy to disclose heterogeneous needs that may support their self-management. All the interviewees welcomed regular use of the study tool and the majority of them suggested that they would prefer using an online version of the tool if it was available. Future research is needed to assess the impact of the study tool in filling important gaps in patient self-management and in health service improvement
A Cognitive Intervention for Everyday Executive Function in Female Survivors of Intimate Partner Violence Related Traumatic Brain Injury, A Single-Case Experimental Design (SCED)
An estimated 31,500,000 females have experienced at least one intimate partner violence (IPV) related traumatic brain injury (TBI), or IPV-TBI in their lifetime in the United States of America (USA) alone. Survivors often experience executive function (EF) impairments, resulting in numerous functional and psychological challenges. Despite this, there are currently no studies into EF interventions for IPV-TBI survivors available. Compensatory cognitive rehabilitation and EF coaching have shown positive outcomes for EF in TBI. The current study aimed to investigate the effects of an intervention, combining cognitive rehabilitation and EF coaching for female survivors of IPV-TBI with EF impairments. A multiple baseline single case experimental design (MB-SCED) was used. Two female participants (age M=51.5, range=44-59) completed the study. The independent variable was a four-week cognitive intervention, the dependent variables were everyday executive function, goal attainment, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Analysis revealed that the intervention may have benefits for EF goal attainment, self-reported EF and HRQoL. However, these should be interpreted with caution due to the study limitations. The study highlights the need for further clinical interventions and research for IPV-TBI survivors
Measuring abortion stigma in Australia and Aotearoa New Zealand: the development, adaptation, and validation of multiple individual-level instruments
The stigmatisation of abortion is a pervasive influence on the prohibiting, threatening, and undermining of quality abortion care. In Australia and Aotearoa New Zealand (ANZ) abortion stigma impacts abortion care quality, including the experiences of accessing, providing, and supporting abortion. Although there are qualitative reports of how abortion stigma is experienced in ANZ, quantitative details are scant. This thesis aimed to address gaps in quantifying abortion stigma in ANZ.
To understand how to best measure abortion stigma in ANZ, we conducted a systematic review of approaches quantifying abortion stigma globally. No instrument measuring abortion stigma in ANZ was found. The Individual Level Abortion Stigma scale (ILAS) and Abortion Providers Stigma Scale â Revised (APSS-R) have the most robust psychometric properties according to rigorous guidelines for evaluating measurement properties. The ILAS and APSS-R measure individual level abortion stigma. Through qualitative inquiry, the ILAS and APSS-R were reviewed for use in ANZ and their appropriateness for measuring stigmatisation of people, groups, and organisations supporting abortion care in ANZ. Four instruments measuring individual-level abortion stigma in ANZ were generated for: A) people who have had an abortion; B) people who provide abortion related care; C) people who publicly support abortion; and, D) groups/organisations supporting and/or providing abortion care. The four ANZ instruments were revised by representatives of the relevant end-user groups. Through an online survey, the instruments have been psychometrically tested for Australia demonstrating validity and reliability.
These instruments can improve our understanding of abortion stigma and the evaluation of interventions addressing abortion stigma. Future co-designed research should explore the role of research in stigmatising abortion, revise the instruments for specific subgroups, and explore short form versions of the instruments
The effectiveness of internet-based psychoeducation programs for caregivers of people living with dementia:a systematic review and meta-analysis
OnlinePublObjective: The objectives of this systematic review and meta-analysis were to identify the characteristics of internet-based psychoeducational programs for caregivers of people living with dementia and to synthesise program effectiveness. Method: Five English databases and four Chinese databases were searched in June 2021 with no time limit applied. A narrative summary was performed to describe the characteristics of studies reviewed. Meta-analysis was applied to synthesise the pooled effects where data were available. Results: A total of 14352 articles were identified from the database search and 19 were included in the final review. Interventions comprised educational, psychological, and behavioural training relevant to dementia care. Program duration ranged from 3 weeks to 12 months. Meta-analysis of 13 RCTs showed that internet-based psychoeducational programs had a significant effect on reducing caregiversâ depressive symptoms (SMD â0.19; 95% CI â0.03 â 0.35) and stress (SMD â0.29; 95% CI â0.03 â0.54). However, these programs did not show an effect on quality of life, anxiety, burden or self-efficacy in caregivers. Conclusion: Internet-based psychoeducational programs can improve some aspects of caregiversâ mental health and emotional wellbeing. The effects of programs on self-efficacy, anxiety, burden and quality of life for caregivers remain inconclusive.Ying Yu, Lily Xiao, Shahid Ullah, Claudia Meyer, Jing Wang, Ann Margriet Pot and Jin Jie H
Readiness for the end of Life: Importance of Death Anxiety, Assessment and Interventions in Cancer Care
In bisherigen Studien wird der zugrunde liegende Einfluss von Angst vor Tod und Sterben (engl. death anxiety, DA) auf psychologisches Wohlbefinden diskutiert. In der onkologischen Praxis berichten auch Krebspatient:innen zu verschiedenen Zeitpunkten im Verlaufe der Erkrankung von entsprechenden BeeintrĂ€chtigungen. ZusĂ€tzlich wurde in verschiedenen Bereichen der Einfluss von DA auf gesundheitsbezogenes Verhalten festgestellt. Neben Motivation kann DA dementsprechend auch zu Vermeidung von Verhalten fĂŒhren, welches das Erleben von DA in den Vordergrund rĂŒcken und in emotionaler Belastung resultieren könnte. So zĂ€hlen auch GesprĂ€che ĂŒber das Lebensende zu langfristig vorteilhaftem Gesundheitsverhalten, welches durch Vermeidung betroffen ist. Die vorliegende Dissertation untersucht die Relevanz von DA fĂŒr Krebspatient:innen, entwickelt Instrumente zur Erfassung von Bedarf und Bereitschaft fĂŒr GesprĂ€che ĂŒber das Lebensende und berichtet erste Ergebnisse zweier Interventionen auf die Bereitschaft, ĂŒber das Lebensende ins GesprĂ€ch zu kommen. AuĂerdem werden erstmals Erkenntnisse zu VerĂ€nderungen von DA, Angst, dass der Krebs wiederkommen oder sich die Prognose verschlechtern könnte (engl. fear of cancer recurrence or progression, FCR) und Dankbarkeit durch die Teilnahme an den Interventionen erfasst.
Die strukturelle Beziehung zwischen DA und FCR wurde in einer ersten Studie (Study I) fĂŒr eine Stichprobe von mehrheitlich an Krebs erkrankten Frauen (N = 121) untersucht. Die ĂŒberwiegende VarianzaufklĂ€rung durch einen allgemeinen Faktor DA bestĂ€tigt die Relevanz fĂŒr Krebspatient:innen.
Durch die Ergebnisse der ersten Studie verdeutlicht sich der Einfluss von DA auf Krebspatient:innen und legt einen starken Einfluss auf gesundheitsbezogenes Verhalten nahe. Die Vermeidung von GesprĂ€chen ĂŒber das Lebensende kann langfristig zu lĂ€ngerer und intensiverer medizinischer Versorgung fĂŒhren als sich das Patient:innen gewĂŒnscht hĂ€tten. Neben dem psychologischen Wohlbefinden der Patient:innen kann dies auch die Angehörigen nachhaltig beeintrĂ€chtigen. Aus diesem Grund erscheint es notwendig, entsprechend belastete Patient:innen frĂŒhzeitig zu identifizieren und GesprĂ€chsangebote zu bereiten. Eine bewĂ€hrte Möglichkeit, belastete und bedĂŒrftige Patient:innen zu erkennen, findet sich in Screening Instrumenten. Diese erleichtern es, krankenhausinterne, sowie persönliche Barrieren zu umgehen und GesprĂ€che zu initiieren. Dementsprechend wurde das erste Screening Instrument zur Erfassung von Bedarf an GesprĂ€chen ĂŒber das Lebensende mit der Möglichkeit, eine Patient:innenverfĂŒgung im GesprĂ€ch (engl. advance care planning) zu erstellen, entwickelt (Study II). Die Evaluierung resultierte in ersten VorschlĂ€gen fĂŒr Initiierungs-Kriterien. ZusĂ€tzlich wurde deutlich, dass eine Kombination von Bedarf und Bereitschaft in der Erfassung notwendig ist, da diese zeitweise unabhĂ€ngig voneinander bestehen können.
WĂ€hrend ein Screening Instrument ausschlieĂlich der Erfassung und Vermittlung dient, können Fragebögen sowohl fĂŒr die Erfassung des Status-Quo, als auch fĂŒr die Messung von VerĂ€nderungen genutzt werden. Folglich wurde ein Fragebogen entwickelt (Studie III), der die Bereitschaft fĂŒr GesprĂ€che ĂŒber das Lebensende in der Allgemeinbevölkerung (N = 349) erfassen sollte. Erste ĂbertrĂ€ge in einer Stichprobe von Krebspatient:innen (N = 84) konnten in einer weiteren Studie (N = 295) psychometrisch bestĂ€tigt werden (Study IV).
Der entwickelte Fragebogen konnte daraufhin in einer vergleichenden Interventionsstudie (Study V) eingesetzt werden. Zwei Interventionen wurden fĂŒr ein online-Setting adaptiert und die Effekte in einem randomisiert-kontrolliertem Design untersucht (N = 118). Beide Interventionen waren erfolgreich in der Steigerung der Bereitschaft, an GesprĂ€chen ĂŒber das Lebensende teilzunehmen. Des Weiteren zeigten sich in SekundĂ€ranalysen erste Befunde zu Langzeit-Auswirkungen beider Interventionen auf das Erleben von DA, FCR und Dankbarkeit bei Krebspatient:innen.
Insgesamt lĂ€sst sich durch die Ergebnisse dieser Dissertation a) die Relevanz von DA fĂŒr Krebspatient:innen bestĂ€tigen, b) ein erstes Screening-Instrument zur Erfassung von Bedarf und subjektiver Bereitschaft fĂŒr GesprĂ€che ĂŒber das Lebensende mit Erstellen einer Patient:innenverfĂŒgung im Krankenhaus bereitstellen, c) ein Fragebogen zur Erfassung der Bereitschaft fĂŒr GesprĂ€che am Lebensende zuverlĂ€ssig in der Allgemeinbevölkerung und fĂŒr Krebspatient:innen einsetzen und d) zwei online Interventionen zur Steigerung der Bereitschaft, ĂŒber das Lebensende zu reden nutzen, welche ebenfalls DA, FCR und Dankbarkeitserleben beeinflussen. Diese Doktorarbeit verdeutlicht nicht nur den Einfluss von DA auf verschiedene Aspekte in der Gesundheitsversorgung Krebsbetroffener. ZusĂ€tzlich wird die Bereitschaft fĂŒr Gesundheitsverhalten hervorgehoben und entsprechende Methoden sowie Interventionen zur VerĂ€nderung und Motivation von langfristig hilfreichem Verhalten bereitgestellt
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