737 research outputs found
3D video coding and transmission
The capture, transmission, and display of
3D content has gained a lot of attention in the last few
years. 3D multimedia content is no longer con fined to
cinema theatres but is being transmitted using stereoscopic
video over satellite, shared on Blu-RayTMdisks,
or sent over Internet technologies. Stereoscopic displays
are needed at the receiving end and the viewer needs to
wear special glasses to present the two versions of the
video to the human vision system that then generates
the 3D illusion. To be more e ffective and improve the
immersive experience, more views are acquired from a
larger number of cameras and presented on di fferent displays,
such as autostereoscopic and light field displays.
These multiple views, combined with depth data, also
allow enhanced user experiences and new forms of interaction
with the 3D content from virtual viewpoints.
This type of audiovisual information is represented by a
huge amount of data that needs to be compressed and
transmitted over bandwidth-limited channels. Part of
the COST Action IC1105 \3D Content Creation, Coding
and Transmission over Future Media Networks" (3DConTourNet)
focuses on this research challenge.peer-reviewe
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Multimedia delivery in the future internet
The term âNetworked Mediaâ implies that all kinds of media including text, image, 3D graphics, audio
and video are produced, distributed, shared, managed and consumed on-line through various networks,
like the Internet, Fiber, WiFi, WiMAX, GPRS, 3G and so on, in a convergent manner [1]. This white
paper is the contribution of the Media Delivery Platform (MDP) cluster and aims to cover the Networked
challenges of the Networked Media in the transition to the Future of the Internet.
Internet has evolved and changed the way we work and live. End users of the Internet have been confronted
with a bewildering range of media, services and applications and of technological innovations concerning
media formats, wireless networks, terminal types and capabilities. And there is little evidence that the pace
of this innovation is slowing. Today, over one billion of users access the Internet on regular basis, more
than 100 million users have downloaded at least one (multi)media file and over 47 millions of them do so
regularly, searching in more than 160 Exabytes1 of content. In the near future these numbers are expected
to exponentially rise. It is expected that the Internet content will be increased by at least a factor of 6, rising
to more than 990 Exabytes before 2012, fuelled mainly by the users themselves. Moreover, it is envisaged
that in a near- to mid-term future, the Internet will provide the means to share and distribute (new)
multimedia content and services with superior quality and striking flexibility, in a trusted and personalized
way, improving citizensâ quality of life, working conditions, edutainment and safety.
In this evolving environment, new transport protocols, new multimedia encoding schemes, cross-layer inthe
network adaptation, machine-to-machine communication (including RFIDs), rich 3D content as well as
community networks and the use of peer-to-peer (P2P) overlays are expected to generate new models of
interaction and cooperation, and be able to support enhanced perceived quality-of-experience (PQoE) and
innovative applications âon the moveâ, like virtual collaboration environments, personalised services/
media, virtual sport groups, on-line gaming, edutainment. In this context, the interaction with content
combined with interactive/multimedia search capabilities across distributed repositories, opportunistic P2P
networks and the dynamic adaptation to the characteristics of diverse mobile terminals are expected to
contribute towards such a vision.
Based on work that has taken place in a number of EC co-funded projects, in Framework Program 6 (FP6)
and Framework Program 7 (FP7), a group of experts and technology visionaries have voluntarily
contributed in this white paper aiming to describe the status, the state-of-the art, the challenges and the way
ahead in the area of Content Aware media delivery platforms
A Network Algorithm for 3D/2D IPTV Distribution using WiMAX and WLAN Technologies
The final publication is available at link.springer.comThe appearance of new broadband wireless technologies jointly with the ability to offer enough quality of service to provide IPTV over them, have made possible the mobility and ubiquity of any type of device to access the IPTV network. The minimum bandwidth required in the access network to provide appropriate quality 3D/2D IPTV services jointly with the need to guarantee the Quality of Experience (QoE) to the end user, makes the need of algorithms that should be able to combine different wireless standards and technologies. In this paper, we propose a network algorithm that manages the IPTV access network and decides which type of wireless technology the customers should connect with when using multiband devices, depending on the requirements of the IPTV client device, the available networks, and some network parameters (such as the number of loss packets and packet delay), to provide the maximum QoE to the customer. The measurements taken in a real environment from several wireless networks allow us to know the performance of the proposed system when it selects each one of them. The measurements taken from a test bench demonstrate the success of our system.This work has been partially supported by the Polytechnic University of Valencia, though the PAID-15-10 multidisciplinary projects, by the Instituto de Telecomunicacoes, Next Generation Networks and Applications Group (NetGNA), Portugal, and by National Funding from the FCT - Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia through the PEst-OE/EEI/LA0008/2011 Project.Lloret, J.; CĂĄnovas Solbes, A.; Rodrigues, JJPC.; Lin, K. (2013). A Network Algorithm for 3D/2D IPTV Distribution using WiMAX and WLAN Technologies. Multimedia Tools and Applications. 67(1):7-30. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-011-0929-4S730671Abukharis S, MacKenzie R, Farrell TO (2009) Improving QoS of Video Transmitted Over 802.11 WLANs Using Frame Aggregation. London Communications Symposium.. London, United Kingdom, September 03â04Alejandro Canovas, Fernando Boronat, Carlos Turro and Jaime Lloret (2009) Multicast TV over WLAN in a University Campus Network, The Fifth International Conference on Networking and Services (ICNS 2009), Valencia (Spain), April 20â25Alfonsi B (2005) âI want my IPTV: Internet Protocol television predicted a winner,â IEEE Distributed Systems Online, vol.6, no.2Birlik F, Gurbuz Ă, Ercetin O (2009) IPTV Home Networking via 802.11 Wireless Mesh Networks: An Implementation Experience. IEEE Trans. on Consumer Electronics, Vol. 55, No. 3Cai LX, Ling X, Shen X, Mark JW, Cai L (2009) Supporting voice and video applications over IEEE 802.11n WLANs. Wireless Networks 15:443â454Cunningham G, Perry P, Murphy J, Murphy L (2009) Seamless Handover of IPTV Streams in a Wireless LAN Network. Transactions on Broadcasting, IEEE 55(4):796â801Dai Z, Fracchia R, Gosteau J, Pellati P, Vivier G (2008) Vertical Handover Criteria and Algorithm in IEEE802.11 and 802.16 Hybrid Networks, IEEE International Conference on Communications, 2008. ICCâ08. Beijing, China, 19â23Gidlund M, Ekling J (2008) VoIP and IPTV distribution over wireless mesh networks in indoor environment. IEEE Trans Consum Electron 54(4):1665â1671Hellberg C, Greene D, Boyes T (2007) Broadband network architectures: designing and deploying triple-play services. Prentice Hall PTR Upper Saddle River, NJ, USAHsu H-T, Kuo F-Y, Lu P-H (2010) Design of WiFi/WiMAX dual-band E-shaped patch antennas through cavity model approach. Microw Opt Technol Lett 52(2):471â474IEEE 802.11 Working Group, At http://www.ieee802.org/11/index.shtml [last access: July 2011]IEEE Std 802.11âą-2007 - IEEE Standard for Information Technologyâ Telecommunications and information exchange between systemsâ Local and metropolitan area networksâSpecific requirements Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) SpecificationsIEEE Std 802.16âą-2009, IEEE Standard for Local and metropolitan area networks, Part 16: Air Interface for Broadband Wireless Access Systems. At http://standards.ieee.org/getieee802/download/802.16-2009.pdf [last access: July 2011]inCode Telecom group Inc. (2006) The Quad-Playâthe First Wave of the Converged Services Evolution. 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IEEE Commun Mag 43(10):49â56Lai C, Min Chen (2011) Playback-Rate Based Streaming Services for Maximum Network Capacity in IP Multimedia Subsystem, IEEE System Journal, doi: 10.1109/JSYST.2011.2165190Lee K-H, Trong ST, Lee B-G, Kim Y-T (2008) QoS-Guaranteed IPTV Service Provisioning in Home Network with IEEE 802.11e Wireless LAN,â IEEE Network Operations and Management Symposium. pp 71-76Marcelo Atenas, Sandra Sendra, Miguel Garcia, Jaime Lloret (2010) IPTV Performance in IEEE 802.11n WLANs, IEEE Global Communications Conference (IEEE Globecomm 2010), Miami (USA), December 6â10Miguel Garcia, Jaime Lloret, Miguel Edo, Raquel Lacuesta (2009) IPTV Distribution Network Access System Using WiMAX and WLAN Technologies, International Symposium on High Performance Distributed Computing (HPDC 2009), Munich (Germany), June 11â13Park AH, Choi JK (2007) âQoS guaranteed IPTV service over Wireless Broadband networkâ, The 9th Int. 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Performance analysis of Energy Efficient Ethernet on video streaming servers
[EN] Current trends on traffic growth oversee a steady increase of video streaming services, and the subsequent development of the associated infrastructure to allocate and distribute such contents. One of the operational costs associated to this infrastructure is the power bill. Therefore any mechanism used to decrease it, reducing also the carbon footprint asso- ciated to it, is welcome. In this work we investigate the suitability of the recently standard- ized IEEE 802.3az Energy Efficient Ethernet (EEE) for video traffic generated by video- streaming servers. The conclusion of the analysis is positive about the achievable energy savings, due to the inherent features of traffic patterns of video-streaming servers which help reducing the number of transitions between active and low-power modes in EEE.Part of the research leading to these received funding from the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7-ICT-2009-5) under Grant agreement No. 258053 (MEDIEVAL project). Additionally, the authors would like to acknowledge the support to this work by the CAM-UC3M Greencom Research Grant (under code CCG10-UC3M/TIC-5624), the FIERRO Spanish project (TEC2010-12250-E) and the Google Research Award "New Protocol Semantics and Scheduling Primitives for Energy Efficiency: Burst Coalescing at the Link and Application Layers".De La Oliva, A.; Vargas HernĂĄndez, TR.; Guerri Cebollada, JC.; Alberto Hernandez, J.; Reviriego, P. (2012). Performance analysis of Energy Efficient Ethernet on video streaming servers. Computer Networks. 57(3):599-608. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comnet.2012.09.019S59960857
Otimização de distribuição de conteĂșdos multimĂ©dia utilizando software-defined networking
The general use of Internet access and user equipments, such as smartphones, tablets and personal computers, is creating a new wave of video content consumption. In the past two decades, the Television broadcasting industry went through several evolutions and changes, evolving from analog to digital distribution, standard definition to high definition TV-channels, form the IPTV method of distribution to the latest set of technologies in content distribution, OTT. The IPTV technology introduced features that changed the passive role of the client to an active one, revolutionizing the way users consume TV content. Thus, the clientsâ habits started to shape the services offered, leading to an anywhere and anytime offer of video content. OTT video delivery is a reflection of those habits, meeting the usersâ desire, introducing several benefits
discussed in this work over the previous technologies. However, the OTT type of delivery poses several challenges in terms of scalability and threatens the Telecommunications Operators business model, because OTT companies use the Telcos infrastructure for free. Consequently, Telecommunications Operators must prepare their infrastructure for future demand while offering new services to stay competitive. This dissertation aims to contribute with insights on what infrastructure changes a Telecommunications Operator must perform with a proposed bandwidth forecasting model. The results obtained from the forecast model paved the way to the proposed video content delivery method, which aims to improve usersâ perceived Quality-of-Experience while optimizing load balancing decisions. The overall results show an improvement of usersâ
experience using the proposed method.A generalização do acesso Ă Internet e equipamentos pessoais como smartphones, tablets e computadores pessoais, estĂĄ a criar uma nova onda de consumo de conteĂșdos multimedia. Nas ultimas duas dĂ©cadas, a indĂșstria de transmissĂŁo de TelevisĂŁo atravessou vĂĄrias evoluçÔes e alteraçÔes, evoluindo da distribuição analĂłgica para a digital, de canais de TelevisĂŁo de definição padrĂŁo para alta definição, do mĂ©todo de distribuição IPTV, atĂ© ao Ășltimo conjunto de tecnologias na distribuição de conteĂșdos, OTT. A tecnologia IPTV introduziu novas funcionalidades que mudaram o papel passivo do cliente para um papel activo, revolucionando a forma como os utilizadores consumem conteĂșdos televisivos. Assim, os hĂĄbitos dos clientes começaram a moldar os serviços oferecidos, levando Ă oferta de consumo de conteĂșdos em qualquer lugar e em qualquer altura. A entrega de vĂdeo OTT Ă© um reflexo destes hĂĄbitos, indo ao encontro dos desejos dos utilizadores, que introduz inĂșmeras vantagens sobre outras tecnologias discutidas neste trabalho. No entanto, a entrega de conteĂșdos OTT cria diversos problemas de escalabilidade e ameaça o modelo de negĂłcio das Operadoras de TelecomunicaçÔes,
porque os fornecedores de serviço OTT usam a infraestrutura das mesmas sem quaisquer custos. Consequentemente, os Operadores de TelecomunicaçÔes devem preparar a sua infraestrutura para o consumo futuro ao mesmo tempo que oferecem novos serviços para se manterem competitivos. Esta dissertação visa contribuir com conhecimento sobre quais alteraçÔes uma Operadora de TelecomunicaçÔes deve executar com o modelo de previsão de largura de banda proposto. Os resultados obtidos abriram caminho
para o mĂ©todo de entrega de conteĂșdos multimedia proposto, que visa ao melhoramento da qualidade de experiĂȘncia do utilizador ao mesmo tempo que se optimiza o processo de balanceamento de carga. No geral os testes confirmam uma melhoria na qualidade de experiĂȘncia do utilizador usando o mĂ©todo proposto.Mestrado em Engenharia de Computadores e TelemĂĄtic
Frame-based mapping mechanism for energy-efficient MPEG-4 video transmission over IEEE 802.11e networks with better quality of delivery
Recent developments in hardware, software and communication technologies have resulted in increasing interest in the use of wireless local area networks (WLANs). Mobile devices with embedded WLAN functionality are becoming increasingly popular. Such devices must be designed to support applications that require high quality of service (QoS) and have favorable to maximize battery capacity. The resources of queues in IEEE 802.11e networks may be wasted by the transmission of information that is useless to the receiver. This work develops a frame-based mapping mechanism (FBM) that exploits different methods to process I/P/B (Intra/Predictive/Bipredictive) video frame packets. FBM refers to the dropping of arriving packets if the preceding packets in the same video frame have been dropped. When fragmented packets of a single frame are allocated to different access categories (AC) queues, out-of order delivery may occur. Hence, FBM tries to treat all fragmented packets of each video frame equally and allocates them to the same AC queue if possible. The simulation results demonstrate that transmission by the FBM is more efficient than that by other mechanisms, such as EDCA (Enhanced Distributed Channel Access), static mapping and adaptive mapping, suggesting that the energy of a device is not wasted in the transmission of useless video data in WLANs. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Foundation item: The National Project of Taiwan (No.: MOST 103-2221-E507-001). Authors are grateful to Ministry of Science and Technology Grant no. (MOST 103-2221-E507-001), Government of Taiwan for financial support to carry out this work.Ke, C.; Yang, C.; Chen, J.; Ghafoor, KZ.; Lloret, J. (2015). Frame-based mapping mechanism for energy-efficient MPEG-4 video transmission over IEEE 802.11e networks with better quality of delivery. Journal of Network and Computer Applications. 58:280-286. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnca.2015.08.005S2802865
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