83,839 research outputs found
Simulated evaluation of faceted browsing based on feature selection
In this paper we explore the limitations of facet based browsing which uses sub-needs of an information need for querying and organising the search process in video retrieval. The underlying assumption of this approach is that the search effectiveness will be enhanced if such an approach is employed for interactive video retrieval using textual and visual features. We explore the performance bounds of a faceted system by carrying out a simulated user evaluation on TRECVid data sets, and also on the logs of a prior user experiment with the system. We first present a methodology to reduce the dimensionality of features by selecting the most important ones. Then, we discuss the simulated evaluation strategies employed in our evaluation and the effect on the use of both textual and visual features. Facets created by users are simulated by clustering video shots using textual and visual features. The experimental results of our study demonstrate that the faceted browser can potentially improve the search effectiveness
Access to recorded interviews: A research agenda
Recorded interviews form a rich basis for scholarly inquiry. Examples include oral histories, community memory projects, and interviews conducted for broadcast media. Emerging technologies offer the potential to radically transform the way in which recorded interviews are made accessible, but this vision will demand substantial investments from a broad range of research communities. This article reviews the present state of practice for making recorded interviews available and the state-of-the-art for key component technologies. A large number of important research issues are identified, and from that set of issues, a coherent research agenda is proposed
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A survey of simulation techniques in commerce and defence
Despite the developments in Modelling and Simulation (M&S) tools and techniques over the past years, there has been a gap in the M&S research and practice in healthcare on developing a toolkit to assist the modellers and simulation practitioners with selecting an appropriate set of techniques. This study is a preliminary step towards this goal. This paper presents some results from a systematic literature survey on applications of M&S in the commerce and defence domains that could inspire some improvements in the healthcare. Interim results show that in the commercial sector Discrete-Event Simulation (DES) has been the most widely used technique with System Dynamics (SD) in second place. However in the defence sector, SD has gained relatively more attention. SD has been found quite useful for qualitative and soft factors analysis. From both the surveys it becomes clear that there is a growing trend towards using hybrid M&S approaches
MoralStrength: Exploiting a Moral Lexicon and Embedding Similarity for Moral Foundations Prediction
Moral rhetoric plays a fundamental role in how we perceive and interpret the
information we receive, greatly influencing our decision-making process.
Especially when it comes to controversial social and political issues, our
opinions and attitudes are hardly ever based on evidence alone. The Moral
Foundations Dictionary (MFD) was developed to operationalize moral values in
the text. In this study, we present MoralStrength, a lexicon of approximately
1,000 lemmas, obtained as an extension of the Moral Foundations Dictionary,
based on WordNet synsets. Moreover, for each lemma it provides with a
crowdsourced numeric assessment of Moral Valence, indicating the strength with
which a lemma is expressing the specific value. We evaluated the predictive
potentials of this moral lexicon, defining three utilization approaches of
increased complexity, ranging from lemmas' statistical properties to a deep
learning approach of word embeddings based on semantic similarity. Logistic
regression models trained on the features extracted from MoralStrength,
significantly outperformed the current state-of-the-art, reaching an F1-score
of 87.6% over the previous 62.4% (p-value<0.01), and an average F1-Score of
86.25% over six different datasets. Such findings pave the way for further
research, allowing for an in-depth understanding of moral narratives in text
for a wide range of social issues
Algorithmic and Statistical Perspectives on Large-Scale Data Analysis
In recent years, ideas from statistics and scientific computing have begun to
interact in increasingly sophisticated and fruitful ways with ideas from
computer science and the theory of algorithms to aid in the development of
improved worst-case algorithms that are useful for large-scale scientific and
Internet data analysis problems. In this chapter, I will describe two recent
examples---one having to do with selecting good columns or features from a (DNA
Single Nucleotide Polymorphism) data matrix, and the other having to do with
selecting good clusters or communities from a data graph (representing a social
or information network)---that drew on ideas from both areas and that may serve
as a model for exploiting complementary algorithmic and statistical
perspectives in order to solve applied large-scale data analysis problems.Comment: 33 pages. To appear in Uwe Naumann and Olaf Schenk, editors,
"Combinatorial Scientific Computing," Chapman and Hall/CRC Press, 201
Very Singular Similarity Solutions and Hermitian Spectral Theory for Semilinear Odd-Order PDEs
Very singular self-similar solutions of semilinear odd-order PDEs are studied
on the basis of a Hermitian-type spectral theory for linear rescaled odd-order
operators.Comment: 49 pages, 12 Figure
Improving Faculty Preparation in Research Universities: Insights From The Teagle Foundation's Graduate Student Teaching in the Arts and Sciences (GSTAS) Initiative
This white paper describes findings and lessons learned from site visits to seven GSTAS grantees: Northwestern University, Cornell University, Stanford University, Columbia University, Princeton University, the University of California-Berkeley, and the American Historical Association (AHA). We argue that a key element of success in these programs was their treatment of the development of knowledge and practice in teaching, and the development of knowledge and practice in research, as both similar and synergistic. We also observe that, despite substantial differences in project design, the Teagle projects constituted a graduate-level version of "highimpact practice," such that participants experienced first-hand the kinds of instructional strategies supported by much of the scholarly literature they were reading
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