9,578 research outputs found
Reusing Logic Masking to Facilitate Hardware Trojan Detection
Hardware Trojan (HT) and Integrated Circuit
(IC)/ Intellectual Property (IP) piracy are important threats
which may happen in untrusted fabrication foundries. Modifying
structurally the ICs/IPs design to counter the HT threats has
been proposed, and it is known as Design-For-Hardware-Trust
(DFHT). DFHT methods are used in order to facilitate HT
detection methods. In addition, logic masking methods modify
the IPs/ICs design to harden them against the IP/IC piracy.
These methods modify a circuit such that it does not work
correctly without applying the correct key. In this paper, we
propose DFHT methods leveraging logic masking approach
Software-Based Self-Test of Set-Associative Cache Memories
Embedded microprocessor cache memories suffer from limited observability and controllability creating problems during in-system tests. This paper presents a procedure to transform traditional march tests into software-based self-test programs for set-associative cache memories with LRU replacement. Among all the different cache blocks in a microprocessor, testing instruction caches represents a major challenge due to limitations in two areas: 1) test patterns which must be composed of valid instruction opcodes and 2) test result observability: the results can only be observed through the results of executed instructions. For these reasons, the proposed methodology will concentrate on the implementation of test programs for instruction caches. The main contribution of this work lies in the possibility of applying state-of-the-art memory test algorithms to embedded cache memories without introducing any hardware or performance overheads and guaranteeing the detection of typical faults arising in nanometer CMOS technologie
From FPGA to ASIC: A RISC-V processor experience
This work document a correct design flow using these tools in the Lagarto RISC- V Processor and the RTL design considerations that must be taken into account, to move from a design for FPGA to design for ASIC
Application of advanced technology to space automation
Automated operations in space provide the key to optimized mission design and data acquisition at minimum cost for the future. The results of this study strongly accentuate this statement and should provide further incentive for immediate development of specific automtion technology as defined herein. Essential automation technology requirements were identified for future programs. The study was undertaken to address the future role of automation in the space program, the potential benefits to be derived, and the technology efforts that should be directed toward obtaining these benefits
Fault-tolerant building-block computer study
Ultra-reliable core computers are required for improving the reliability of complex military systems. Such computers can provide reliable fault diagnosis, failure circumvention, and, in some cases serve as an automated repairman for their host systems. A small set of building-block circuits which can be implemented as single very large integration devices, and which can be used with off-the-shelf microprocessors and memories to build self checking computer modules (SCCM) is described. Each SCCM is a microcomputer which is capable of detecting its own faults during normal operation and is described to communicate with other identical modules over one or more Mil Standard 1553A buses. Several SCCMs can be connected into a network with backup spares to provide fault-tolerant operation, i.e. automated recovery from faults. Alternative fault-tolerant SCCM configurations are discussed along with the cost and reliability associated with their implementation
Increase the Quality of Life through the Development of Automation
This paper discusses needs for the automation of the underdevelopment communities. The novelty of this research is the link between production of microprocessors and increasing of the life quality. This study highlights the importance of efficient and economic architecture of logical circuits for the automation.  The aim of this research is to produce a logical circuit, which includes suitable gates. The circuit will be embedded in the automatic devices as a microprocessor to cause programmed functions. This research reports analytically a workshop method to build the circuit. It uses an assembly card and required gates. Then, it suggests certain VHDL codes to drive a motor. The workshop presents the configuration schemes and connection board for every gate. In addition, it shows a schematic wiring diagram of the circuit. Finally, the economic analysis proves the mass production of the circuit will enhance the automation and consequently the quality of life. The outcome of this research is a helpful experience to the engineers, manufacturers and students of the relevant disciplines to resolve the inequality in the use of the modern technologies.Â
The Art of Fault Injection
Classical greek philosopher considered the foremost virtues to be temperance, justice, courage, and prudence. In this paper we relate these cardinal virtues to the correct methodological approaches that researchers should follow when setting up a fault injection experiment. With this work we try to understand where the "straightforward pathway" lies, in order to highlight those common methodological errors that deeply influence the coherency and the meaningfulness of fault injection experiments. Fault injection is like an art, where the success of the experiments depends on a very delicate balance between modeling, creativity, statistics, and patience
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Technology, Wages and Skill Shortages: Evidence from UK Micro Data
Why have skill shortages continue to persist despite increases in training and the skill levels of the
workforce? We argue that technical progress has raised the demand for skilled labour to mach the observed
increase in supply. We provide econometric evidence in support of this hypothesis, showing that skill shortages
are higher for establishments that use advanced technology in the production process. We also provide
econometric evidence that hiring difficulties are inversely related to the relative wage, as theory would suggest.
Our results have clear implications for policy. If technological progress continues to be skill biased, policies that
address skills deficiencies will only be successful if they produce a continual, rather than a temporary, increase in
levels of skills among the workforc
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