Efficient broadcasting by selective forwarDing

A major challenge faced in MANETs is locating the devices for communication, especially with high node mobility and sparse node density. Present solutions provided by the ad hoc routing protocols range from flooding [1] the entire network with route requests, to deploying a separate location management scheme to maintain a device location database. Many applications as well as various unicast routing protocols such as Dynamic Source Routing (DSR), Ad Hoc On Demand Distance Vector (AODV), Zone Routing Protocol (ZRP), and Location Aided Routing (LAR) use broadcasting or a derivation of it. Flooding, which is often deployed to achieve the above objective, is expensive in terms of overhead and wastes valuable resources such as bandwidth and power. We propose to develop a strategy to reduce the redundant transmission of packets in normal flooding used in broadcasting, and we describe strategies for choosing only an optimal set of nodes for rebroadcast in a grid network. The main contribution is to reduce the redundant transmission of packets and to forward packets with minimum transmissions. To determine the minimal set of nodes for efficient transmission, we propose a new algorithm, Efficient Broadcasting by Selective Forwarding, using a distance-based approach; The distance-based approach [2] is implemented for broadcast and rebroadcast to a set of nodes with the help of a threshold value [3] that is taken to be threshold = n* transmission-radius, where n is a real number. This reduces the number of redundant transmission. This threshold value can be tuned to show performance enhancement

Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks

Ad-hoc networks are a key in the evolution of wireless networks. Ad-hoc networks are typically composed of equal nodes, which communicate over wireless links without any central control. Ad-hoc wireless networks inherit the traditional problems of wireless and mobile communications, such as bandwidth optimisation, power control and transmission quality enhancement. In addition, the multi-hop nature and the lack of fixed infrastructure brings new research problems such as configuration advertising, discovery and maintenance, as well as ad-hoc addressing and self-routing. Many different approaches and protocols have been proposed and there are even multiple standardization efforts within the Internet Engineering Task Force, as well as academic and industrial projects. This chapter focuses on the state of the art in mobile ad-hoc networks. It highlights some of the emerging technologies, protocols, and approaches (at different layers) for realizing network services for users on the move in areas with possibly no pre-existing communications infrastructure

Infocast: A New Paradigm for Collaborative Content Distribution from Roadside Units to Vehicular Networks Using Rateless Codes

In this paper, we address the problem of distributing a large amount of bulk data to a sparse vehicular network from roadside infostations, using efficient vehicle-to-vehicle collaboration. Due to the highly dynamic nature of the underlying vehicular network topology, we depart from architectures requiring centralized coordination, reliable MAC scheduling, or global network state knowledge, and instead adopt a distributed paradigm with simple protocols. In other words, we investigate the problem of reliable dissemination from multiple sources when each node in the network shares a limited amount of its resources for cooperating with others. By using \emph{rateless} coding at the Road Side Unit (RSU) and using vehicles as data carriers, we describe an efficient way to achieve reliable dissemination to all nodes (even disconnected clusters in the network). In the nutshell, we explore vehicles as mobile storage devices. We then develop a method to keep the density of the rateless codes packets as a function of distance from the RSU at the desired level set for the target decoding distance. We investigate various tradeoffs involving buffer size, maximum capacity, and the mobility parameter of the vehicles

Analysis of current and potential sensor network technologies and their incorporation as embedded structural system

This document provides a brief overview of the actual wireless ad hoc sensor networks technologies and standards available, especially in view of their possible implementation for shipping container protection and monitoring within the framework of the STEC Action aiming at analyzing possible technical solutions to improve the security of the millions of containers moving in and out of Europe. Examples of applications and research projects are reported from the literature to give insights on the possibility of implementation of wireless sensor networks in real world scenarios.JRC.G.5-European laboratory for structural assessmen

Enabling cost aware routing with auctions in wireless ad-hoc networks

Battery power is a precious resource in wireless ad-hoc networks, and most routing protocols that have been proposed so far do not generate cost efficient routes. In this thesis, a novel auction-based cost-aware routing scheme, called CARA, is presented. CARA is designed as an extension of the MAC layer, and is shown to improve the cost efficiency of existing ad-hoc routing protocols through dynamic power control, while introducing only minimal additional overhead. The MAC layer at each node is given the capability to run local sealed-bid second-price auctions for the user data packets that need to be transmitted, and to determine any neighbor nodes that reduce the transmission cost to the next hop identified by the network layer. Existing network layer routing protocols are utilized with no changes or impact on their operation. Selforganized networks, where nodes are greedy and selfish, are being supported through the proposed auction-based framework

Simulation Of Vehicular Movement in VANET

In the recent years research in the field of vehicular ad-hoc network(VANET) is done extensively. VANET consist of large number of dynamically nodes which are vehicles over a area. Different types of technology and applications are being developed for the VANET . So this VANET technology and applications should be thoroughly checked before deployment in the real world environment. But to test technologies and applications in real world environment is not feasible it involves lot of danger and safety issues, different reports of the testing can’t also be generated so to overcome these limitation we need to carry out simulation of VANET in the computer environment i.e. we should do a computer simulation. Computer simulation is risk and danger free, we can generate different scenario (rural, urban, collision of vehicles) of the VANET using this. So computer simulation is very important in VANET research. Simulation of VANET is divided into two part a. Traffic simulation: Generation of traffic movement, Defining the mobility model for vehicle and creating traffic movement. b. Network simulation: Generating Inter communicating vehicle , Defining communication protocols. And both the simulation are connected in bi-directional coupling

A Review Paper on Accident Detection System Using Intelligent Algorithm for VANET

Our lives became easier with the Quick accretion of technology and infrastructure. The advent of technology has also rise the traffic hazards and the road accident take place repeatedly which causes massive loss of life and property because of the poor emergency facilities. Recently, intelligent transportation systems (ITS) have emerged as an efficient way of improving interpretation of transportation systems and enhancing travel safety. Accident detection systems are one of the most effective (ITS) tools. The accident detected system which based on Global Positioning System (GPS) and Global System for Mobile communication (GSM) can be accomplish though one or several sensors, the system can gathers the information and coordinates of accident spot then send this data to the rescues services center over a network link in shortest time, It represented as an instance helping system. In this review paper, we proposed an intelligent system that composed of a GPS receiver, Vibration sensor, GSM Modem and integrated with Vehicular AD-Hoc Network (VANET). The employ of (VANET) by enhanced Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector protocol (AODV) helps these services in finding the optimum route to the emergency message. The use of GSM, GPS, and VANET technologies allows the system to track vehicle and provides the most instant and accurate information about the vehicle accident spot. Keywords: GPS, GSM, VANET, AODV