109,391 research outputs found
Nigerian Stock Exchange and Economic Development
The need to critically analyze the efficiency of capital market on the Nigerian economy for
the period between 1979 and 2008 as a reference point for developing economies is the bedrock of this work.
The results indicate that the stock market indeed contributes to economic growth as all variables conformed
to expectation. The Nigerian Stock Exchange has not been having the best of times as an aftermath of the
global financial crisis after an unprecedented surge in returns on investment which has resulted in a continuous
downturn in market capitalization. Multiple regression method of econometric analysis was used
for the work. The major findings revealed a negative relationship between the market capitalization and the
Gross Domestic Product as well as a negative relationship between the turnover ratio and the Gross Domestic
Product while a positive relationship was observed between the all-share index and the Gross Domestic
Product. These findings led to some policy formulations aimed at an improved and developed market for
potential gain to the benefit of rational investors even across national borders
Accounting for WTP/WTA discrepancy in discrete choice models: Discussion of policy implications based on two freight transport stated choice experiments
A key input in cost-benefit analysis is represented by the marginal rate of substitution which expresses the willingness to pay, or its counterpart willingness to accept, for both market and non-market goods. The consistent discrepancy between these two measures observed in the literature suggests the need to estimate reference dependent models able to capturing loss aversion by distinguishing the value attached to a gain from the value attached to a loss according to reference dependent theory. This paper proposes a comparison of willingness to pay and willingness to accept measures estimated from models with both symmetric and reference dependent utility specifications within two different freight transport stated choice experiments. The results show that the reference dependent specification outperforms the symmetric specification and they prove the robustness of reference dependent specification over datasets designed according different attributes levels ranges. Moreover we demonstrate the policy relevance of asymmetric specifications illustrating the strong implications for cost-benefit analysis in two case studies.WTP/WTA discrepancy, freight choice, policy evaluation
Analyzing loss aversion and diminishing sensitivity in a freight transport stated choice experiment
Choice behaviour might be determined by asymmetric preferences whether the consumers are faced with gains or losses. This paper investigates loss aversion and diminishing sensitivity, and analyzes their implications on willingness to pay and willingness to accept measures in a reference pivoted choice experiment in a freight transport framework. The results suggest a significant model fit improvement when preferences are treated as asymmetric, proving both loss aversion and diminishing sensitivity. The implications on willingness to pay and willingness to accept indicators are particular relevant showing a remarkable difference between symmetric and asymmetric model specifications. Not accounting for loss aversion and diminishing sensitivity, when present, produces misleading results and might affect significantly the policy decisions.freight transport, choice experiments, willingness to pay, preference asymmetry
Romania’s competitive advantage within the European Union area
The central idea of the paper emphasizes Romania’s competitive advantages in the EU and there are two analysis levels herein: the correct identification of Romania’s competitive advantages and the oportunities to value them.
The paper aims at achieving a competitiveness analysis of the Romanian economy during 2006-2009.
The Romanian economy’s integration within the European Union does not only mean a mere inclusion or accession into/to the Community, but it also represents the belonging to a strongly competitive area. Since the Union has mainly aimed at becoming the most competitive economy at world level, Romania has to face a double challenge: redefining its competitiveness and reducing the current gaps between its economy and the average level of the main EU social and economic indices. Redefining competitiveness is actually redefining competitiveness determiners.
Reaching the convergence goal is based on the Romanian economy’s sustainable competitive advantages. The essential concern is their proper identification, as they are the result of a strategic vision.
Taking account of these principles, Romania’s EU accession is acquiring new traits. Is there a competitiveness gain or is there a certain loss right from the moment of the accession
Gainsharing: A Critical Review and a Future Research Agenda
This paper provides a critical review of the extensive literature on gainsharing. It examines the reasons for the fast growth in these programs in recent years and the major prototypes used in the past. Different theoretical formulations making predictions about the behavioral consequences and conditions mediating the success of these programs are discussed and the supporting empirical evidence is examined. The large number of a theoretical case studies and practitioner reports or gainsharing are also summarized and integrated. The article concludes with a suggested research agenda for the future
Wino Dark Matter and Future dSph Observations
We discuss the indirect detection of the wino dark matter utilizing gamma-ray
observations of dwarf spheroidal galaxies (dSphs). After carefully reviewing
current limits with particular attention to astrophysical uncertainties, we
show prospects of the wino mass limit in future gamma-ray observation by the
Fermi-LAT and the GAMMA-400 telescopes. We find that the improvement of the
so-called -factor of both the classical and the ultra-faint dSphs will play
a crucial role to cover whole mass range of the wino dark matter. For example,
with for both the classical and the ultra-faint
dSphs, whole wino dark matter mass range can be covered by 15 years and 10
years data at the Fermi-LAT and GAMMA-400 telescopes, respectively.Comment: 32 pages, 13 figure
Optimal overlayer inspired by Photuris firefly improves light-extraction efficiency of existing light-emitting diodes
In this paper the design, fabrication and characterization of a bioinspired
overlayer deposited on a GaN LED is described. The purpose of this overlayer is
to improve light extraction into air from the diode's high refractive-index
active material. The layer design is inspired by the microstructure found in
the firefly Photuris sp. The actual dimensions and material composition have
been optimized to take into account the high refractive index of the GaN diode
stack. This two-dimensional pattern contrasts other designs by its unusual
profile, its larger dimensions and the fact that it can be tailored to an
existing diode design rather than requiring a complete redesign of the diode
geometry. The gain of light extraction reaches values up to 55% with respect to
the reference unprocessed LED.Comment: 9 pages, 9 Figures, published in Optics Expres
Optimal utility and probability functions for agents with finite computational precision
When making economic choices, such as those between goods or gambles, humans act as if their internal representation of the value and probability of a prospect is distorted away from its true value. These distortions give rise to decisions which apparently fail to maximize reward, and preferences that reverse without reason. Why would humans have evolved to encode value and probability in a distorted fashion, in the face of selective pressure for reward-maximizing choices? Here, we show that under the simple assumption that humans make decisions with finite computational precision––in other words, that decisions are irreducibly corrupted by noise––the distortions of value and probability displayed by humans are approximately optimal in that they maximize reward and minimize uncertainty. In two empirical studies, we manipulate factors that change the reward-maximizing form of distortion, and find that in each case, humans adapt optimally to the manipulation. This work suggests an answer to the longstanding question of why humans make “irrational” economic choices
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