Hybrid Energy Systems Model with the Inclusion of Energy Efficiency Measures: A Rural Application Perspective

way to the carbon footprint in the developing nations. Thus, the energy management initiative could assist in reducing the menace of greenhouse gas emission. Hence, the energy policy makers and planners have unanimously proposed adoption of demand side management (DSM) technique. Thus the adoption of energy efficiency technique (EET)-a DSM measures and hybrid energy system would be essential for rural electrification. This work investigates the effect of applying energy efficiency measures in rural electrification. A case study of an un-electrified rural settlement in Ibadan, Nigeria was considered. The utilization of EET techniques reduces the emission of CO2 by 62%, while the technical analysis indicates the possibility of a 100% renewable electricity production. Principally, the adoption of energy efficient techniques proved to be economically and environmentally friendly

Optimal operation of an integrated hybrid renewable energy system with demand-side management in a rural context

A significant portion of the Indian population lives in villages, some of which are located in grid-disconnected remote areas. The supply of electricity to these villages is not feasible or cost-effective, but an autonomous integrated hybrid renewable energy system (IHRES) could be a viable alternative. Hence, this study proposed using available renewable energy resources in the study area to provide electricity and freshwater access for five un-electrified grid-disconnected villages in the Odisha state of India. This study concentrated on three different kinds of battery technologies such as lithium-ion (Li-Ion), nickel-iron (Ni-Fe), and lead-acid (LA) along with a diesel generator to maintain an uninterrupted power supply. Six different configurations with two dispatch strategies such as load following (LF) and cycle charging (CC) were modelled using nine metaheuristic algorithms to achieve an optimally configured IHRES in the MATLAB (c) environment. Initially, these six configurations with LF and CC strategies were evaluated with the load demands of a low-efficiency appliance usage-based scenario, i.e., without demand-side management (DSM). Later, the optimal configuration obtained from the low-efficiency appliance usage-based scenario was further evaluated with LF and CC strategies using the load demands of medium and high-efficiency appliance usage-based scenarios, i.e., with DSM. The results showed that the Ni-Fe battery-based IHRES with LF strategy using the high-efficiency appliance usage-based scenario had a lower life cycle cost of USD 522,945 as compared to other battery-based IHRESs with LF and CC strategies, as well as other efficiency-based scenarios. As compared to the other algorithms used in the study, the suggested Salp Swarm Algorithm demonstrated its fast convergence and robustness effectiveness in determining the global best optimum values. Finally, the sensitivity analysis was performed for the proposed configuration using variable input parameters such as biomass collection rate, interest rate, and diesel prices. The interest rate fluctuations were found to have a substantial impact on the system's performance.Web of Science1514art. no. 517

Hybrid Energy Systems Model with the Inclusion of Energy Efficiency Measures: A Rural Application Perspective

The wide energy supply/demand gap has led the developing economies to the operation of the captive generators. This has contributed in no small way to the carbon footprint in the developing nations. Thus, the energy management initiative could assist in reducing the menace of greenhouse gas emission.  Hence, the energy policy makers and planners have unanimously proposed adoption of demand side management (DSM) technique. Thus the adoption of energy efficiency technique (EET)-a DSM measures and hybrid energy system would be essential for rural electrification. This work investigates the effect of applying energy efficiency measures in rural electrification. A case study of an un-electrified rural settlement in Ibadan, Nigeria was considered. The utilization of EET techniques reduces the emission of CO2 by 62%, while technical analysis shows the feasibility of a 100% renewable fraction electricity production. Principally, application of energy efficient techniques proved to be economically and environmentally friendly. Keywords: Energy efficiency measures; emission reduction; hybrid energy system; net present cost; renewable energy JEL Classifications: Q4, P2

Cost-optimal charging of electric vehicles using real-time pricing

The large-scale adoption of EVs presents both potential benefits and difficult challenges. The already stressed electricity grids will have to manage the influx of EV charging requirements, which is especially difficult at peak times. This calls for smart solutions to optimally charge EVs in a grid-friendly way, using demand response where possible. In line with the demand, the electricity prices at peak times can be very high and it would also be advantageous for the user to avoid charging at these times. Therefore, the goal of grid friendly charging is twofold: to avoid putting additional load on the electricity grid when it is heavily loaded already, and to reduce the cost of charging to the consumer. [Continues.

2009 Technology Map of the European Strategic Energy Technology Plan (SET-Plan). Part 1 - Technology Descriptions

The Technology Descriptions of the 2009 Technology Map assess the technological state of the art and anticipated developments of 17 energy technologies, the status of the corresponding industries and their potential, the barriers to large scale deployment, the needs of the industrial sector to realise the technology goals and the synergies with other sectors. The technologies addressed are: wind power, solar photovoltaics, concentrated solar power, hydropower, geothermal energy, ocean energy, cogeneration of heat and power, carbon capture and storage, advanced fossil fuel power generation, nuclear fission, nuclear fusion, electricity grids, bioenergy for power generation, biofuels for transport applications, fuel cell and hydrogen technologies, electricity storage and energy efficiency in transport. The 2009 Technology Map is the SET-Plan reference on the state of knowledge for low carbon technology in Europe, presenting a snapshot of the energy technology market situation for 2008-2009. However, the information in this work should be seen in the context of the dynamics of the energy technology market. As such, SETIS is continuously tracking and monitoring the global development and progress of energy technologies and makes this information available "on-line" in the SETIS website: http://setis.ec.europa.eu.JRC.DG.F.7-Energy systems evaluatio