11,740 research outputs found
Solar fusion cross sections. II. The pp chain and CNO cycles
We summarize and critically evaluate the available data on nuclear fusion
cross sections important to energy generation in the Sun and other
hydrogen-burning stars and to solar neutrino production. Recommended values and
uncertainties are provided for key cross sections, and a recommended spectrum
is given for 8B solar neutrinos. We also discuss opportunities for further
increasing the precision of key rates, including new facilities, new
experimental techniques, and improvements in theory. This review, which
summarizes the conclusions of a workshop held at the Institute for Nuclear
Theory, Seattle, in January 2009, is intended as a 10-year update and
supplement to Reviews of Modern Physics 70 (1998) 1265.Comment: 54 pages, 20 figures, version to be published in Reviews of Modern
Physics; various typos corrected and several updates mad
Solar fusion cross sections II: the pp chain and CNO cycles
We summarize and critically evaluate the available data on nuclear fusion
cross sections important to energy generation in the Sun and other
hydrogen-burning stars and to solar neutrino production. Recommended values and
uncertainties are provided for key cross sections, and a recommended spectrum
is given for 8B solar neutrinos. We also discuss opportunities for further
increasing the precision of key rates, including new facilities, new
experimental techniques, and improvements in theory. This review, which
summarizes the conclusions of a workshop held at the Institute for Nuclear
Theory, Seattle, in January 2009, is intended as a 10-year update and
supplement to Reviews of Modern Physics 70 (1998) 1265.Comment: 54 pages, 20 figures, version to be published in Reviews of Modern
Physics; various typos corrected and several updates mad
Perspectives of Nuclear Physics in Europe: NuPECC Long Range Plan 2010
The goal of this European Science Foundation Forward Look into the future of Nuclear Physics is to bring together
the entire Nuclear Physics community in Europe to formulate a coherent plan of the best way to develop the field in
the coming decade and beyond.<p></p>
The primary aim of Nuclear Physics is to understand the origin, evolution, structure and phases of strongly interacting matter, which constitutes nearly 100% of the visible matter in the universe. This is an immensely important and challenging task that requires the concerted effort of scientists working in both theory and experiment, funding agencies, politicians and the public.<p></p>
Nuclear Physics projects are often “big science”, which implies large investments and long lead times. They need careful forward planning and strong support from policy makers. This Forward Look provides an excellent tool to achieve this. It represents the outcome of detailed scrutiny by Europe’s leading experts and will help focus the views of the scientific community on the most promising directions in the field and create the basis for funding agencies to provide adequate support.<p></p>
The current NuPECC Long Range Plan 2010 “Perspectives of Nuclear Physics in Europe” resulted from consultation
with close to 6 000 scientists and engineers over a period of approximately one year. Its detailed recommendations
are presented on the following pages. For the interested public, a short summary brochure has been produced to
accompany the Forward Look.<p></p>
Removal of acid gases and oxides of nitrogen from space cabin atmospheres
Removal of acid gases and oxides of nitrogen from spacecraft cabin atmospheres at ambient temperature
Nuclear Reactions from Lattice QCD
One of the overarching goals of nuclear physics is to rigorously compute
properties of hadronic systems directly from the fundamental theory of strong
interactions, Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD). In particular, the hope is to
perform reliable calculations of nuclear reactions which will impact our
understanding of environments that occur during big bang nucleosynthesis, the
evolution of stars and supernovae, and within nuclear reactors and high
energy/density facilities. Such calculations, being truly ab initio, would
include all two-nucleon and three- nucleon (and higher) interactions in a
consistent manner. Currently, lattice QCD provides the only reliable option for
performing calculations of some of the low- energy hadronic observables. With
the aim of bridging the gap between lattice QCD and nuclear many-body physics,
the Institute for Nuclear Theory held a workshop on Nuclear Reactions from
Lattice QCD on March 2013. In this review article, we report on the topics
discussed in this workshop and the path planned to move forward in the upcoming
years.Comment: 35 pages, 13 figures, 1 table, review article for the "Nuclear
Reactions from Lattice QCD" workshop hosted by the Institute for Nuclear
Theory on March 2013; version 2 includes updated references and extended
discussion of previous wor
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Next generation transduction pathways for nano-bio-chip array platforms
textIn the following work, nanoparticle quantum dot (QD) fluorophores have been exploited to measure biologically relevant analytes via a miniaturized sensor ensemble to provide key diagnostic and prognostic information in a rapid, yet sensitive manner—data essential for effective treatment of many diseases including HIV/AIDS and cancer. At the heart of this “nano-bio-chip” (NBC) sensor is a modular chemical/cellular processing unit consisting of either a polycarbonate membrane filter for cell-based assays, or an agarose bead array for detection of biomarkers in serum or saliva. Two applications of the NBC sensor system are described herein, both exhibiting excellent correlation to reference methods ((R² above 0.94), with analysis times under 30 minutes and sample volumes below 50 [mu]L. First, the NBC sensor was employed for the sequestration and enumeration of T lymphocytes, cells specifically targeted by HIV, from whole blood samples. Several different conjugation methods linking QDs to recognition biomolecules were extensively characterized by biological and optical methods, with a thiol-linked secondary antibody labeling scheme yielding intense, specific signal. Using this technique, the photostability of QDs was exploited, as was the ability to simultaneously visualize different color QDs via a single light pathway, effectively reducing optical requirements by half. Further, T-cell counts were observed well below the 200/[mu]L discriminator between HIV and AIDS and across the common testing region, demonstrating the first reported example of cell counting via QDs in an enclosed, disposable device. Next, multiplexed bead-based detection of cancer protein biomarkers CEA, Her-2/Neu, and CA125 in serum and saliva was examined using a sandwich immunoassay with detecting antibodies covalently bound to QDs. This nano-based signal was amplified 30 times versus molecular fluorophores and cross talk in multiplexed experiments was less than 5%. In addition, molecular-level tuning of recognition elements (size, concentration) and agarose porosity resulted in NBC limits of detection two orders of magnitude lower than ELISA, values competitive with the most sensitive methods yet reported (0.021 ng/mL CEA). Taken together, these efforts serve to establish the valuable role of QDs in miniaturized diagnostic devices with potential for delivering biomedical information rapidly, reliably, and robustly.Chemistry and Biochemistr
Proceedings of the 2009 Coal Operators\u27 Conference
Proceedings of the 2009 Coal Operators\u27 Conference. All papers in these proceedings are peer reviewed. ISBN: 978 1 920806 95 8
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