1,591 research outputs found
A numerical study on the design trade-offs of a thin-film thermoelectric generator for large-area applications
Thin-film thermoelectric generators with a novel folding scheme are proposed
for large-area, low energy-density applications. Both the electrical current
and heat transfer are in the plane of the thermoelectric thin-film, yet the
heat transfer is across the plane of the module - similar to conventional bulk
thermoelectric modules. With such designs, the heat leakage through the module
itself can be minimized and the available temperature gradient maximized.
Different from the previously reported corrugated thermoelectric generators,
the proposed folding scheme enables high packing densities without compromising
the thermal contact area to the heat source and sink. The significance of
various thermal transport, or leakage, mechanisms in relation to power
production is demonstrated for different packing densities and thicknesses of
the module under heat sink-limited conditions. It is shown that the power
factor is more important than ZT for predicting the power output of such
thin-film devices. As very thin thermoelectric films are employed with modest
temperature gradients, high aspect-ratio elements are needed to meet the -
usually ignored - requirements of practical applications for the current. With
the design trade-offs considered, the proposed devices may enable the
exploitation of thermoelectric energy harvesting in new - large-area -
applications at reasonable cost.Comment: 26 pages,5 figures, post-peer-review, pre-copyedit version of an
article published in Renewable Energ
Thermoelectric energy harvester with a cold start of 0.6 °C
This paper presents the electrical and thermal design of a thermoelectric energy harvester power system and its characterisation. The energy harvester is powered by a single Thermoelectric Generator (TEG) of 449 couples connected via a power conditioning circuit to an embedded processor. The aim of the work presented in this paper is to experimentally confirm the lowest ΔT measured across the TEG (ΔTTEG) at which the embedded processor operates to allow for wireless communication.
The results show that when a temperature difference of 0.6 °CΔTTEG is applied across the thermoelectric module, an input voltage of 23 mV is generated which is sufficient to activate the energy harvester in approximately 3 minutes. An experimental setup able to accurately maintain and measure very low temperatures is described and the electrical power generated by the TEG at these temperatures is also described. It was found that the energy harvester power system can deliver up to 30 mA of current at 2.2 V in 3ms pulses for over a second. This is sufficient for wireless broadcast, communication and powering of other sensor devices.
The successful operation of the wireless harvester at such low temperature gradients offers many new application areas for the system, including those powered by environmental sources and body heat
The investigation of natural-rubber for improving self-powered heat detector based on thermoelectric generators
Fire hazard has destroyed humanity creations. Fire detectors have been developed by using different techniques. Thermoelectric generator (TEG) is a part of energy harvesting which is able to convert heat into electricity because of temperature difference between hot and cold side of thermoelectric device (TE). Different materials are used for thermoelectric generators which depend on the characteristics of the heat source, heat sink and the design of the thermoelectric generator. Many thermoelectric generator materials are currently undergoing research. This paper presented an investigation of seeking an alternative way of detecting fire hazard by developing architecture prototype of a fire detection technique using natural rubber. The thermoelectric prototype used self-powered device which improved the temperature difference gap and stabilized the cold side of TE alongside natural rubber as the cooling material. The technique is relatively simple system realization based on three viable components, i.e. a heat sensor, a low-power RF-transmitter and a RF-receiver. The heat sensor is designed and fabricated by thermoelectric and heat sink with natural rubber (NR) coating. The NR coating is heat absorption reduction. Therefore, the temperature difference is wildly resulting in the higher TE output voltage. The voltage is also supplied to the low-power RF transmitter module. In case of fire hazard, the temperature increases from 26 to 100 °C , the prototype can operate successfully. This technique will solve potentially the power supply issue in fluctuated situations. The rubber coating from rubber trees in Thailand would be a value chain added for bio-economy, supporting a sustainable development goal of the countr
Powering a Biosensor Using Wearable Thermoelectric Technology
Wearable medical devices such as insulin pumps, glucose monitors, hearing aids, and electrocardiograms provide necessary medical aid and monitoring to millions of users worldwide. These battery powered devices require battery replacement and frequent charging that reduces the freedom and peace of mind of users. Additionally, the significant portion of the world without access to electricity is unable to use these medical devices as they have no means to power them constantly. Wearable thermoelectric power generation aims to charge these medical device batteries without a need for grid power.
Our team has developing a wristband prototype that uses body heat, ambient air, and heat sinks to create a temperature difference across thermoelectric modules thus generating ultra-low voltage electrical power. A boost converter is implemented to boost this voltage to the level required by medical device batteries. Our goal was to use this generated power to charge medical device batteries off-the-grid, increasing medical device user freedom and allowing medical device access to those without electricity. We successfully constructed a wearable prototype that generates the voltage required by an electrocardiogram battery; however, further thermoelectric module and heat dissipation optimization is necessary to generate sufficient current to charge the battery
Experimental Verification of Source Temperature Modulation Via a Thermal Switch in Thermal Energy Harvesting
This paper provides a description of research seeking to experimentally verify the effectiveness of a thermal switch used in series with TE devices for waste heat recovery for constant and variable source heat input and for variable source thermal capacitance (mass). Using an experimental set-up comprised serially of a fixed heat source, a variable thermal resistance air gap serving as a thermal switch, a thermoelectric device and a heat sink, the time-averaged power output to power input ratios improved up to 15% and 30% respectively for constant and variable heat input in certain design space conditions. The experimental results, as supported by model predictions, suggest that the thermal capacitance of the heat source must be greater than the thermal capacitance of the TE device in order for thermal switching to improve the time-averaged power output to power input ratios of waste heat recovery systems. The results have direct application to aircraft energy harvesting
Thermoelectric Energy Harvesting: Basic Principles and Applications
Green energy harvesting aims to supply electricity to electric or electronic systems from one or different energy sources present in the environment without grid connection or utilisation of batteries. These energy sources are solar (photovoltaic), movements (kinetic), radio-frequencies and thermal energy (thermoelectricity). The thermoelectric energy harvesting technology exploits the Seebeck effect. This effect describes the conversion of temperature gradient into electric power at the junctions of the thermoelectric elements of a thermoelectric generator (TEG) device. This device is a robust and highly reliable energy converter, which aims to generate electricity in applications in which the heat would be otherwise dissipated. The significant request for thermoelectric energy harvesting is justified by developing new thermoelectric materials and the design of new TEG devices. Moreover, the thermoelectric energy harvesting devices are used for waste heat harvesting in microscale applications. Potential TEG applications as energy harvesting modules are used in medical devices, sensors, buildings and consumer electronics. This chapter presents an overview of the fundamental principles of thermoelectric energy harvesting and their low-power applications
Feasibility study on thermal energy harvesting for low powered electronics in high-voltage substations
Electronic devices combining sensors, wireless
communications, and data processing capability allow easing
predictive maintenance tasks in many applications. This paper
applies this approach in power connectors for high-voltage
electrical substations, which are transformed into smart
connectors. Such connectors are often linked to tubular
aluminum bus bars, whose temperature increases due to the
Joule losses generated by the combined effect of the electrical
resistance and the electric current. Since the human
intervention must be minimized, an energy harvesting system
is required to supply the electronics of the smart connectors.
To this end, a thermoelectric module (TEM) is used to
transform heat power into electrical power. Since the voltage
provided by the TEM is very low, a suitable power converter is
used to supply the electronics of the smart connector. This
work analyzes the effect of the various parameters that affect
the power generated by the TEM when placed on a substation
bus bar. Experiments have been carried out by placing a TEM
with different configurations on different types of bus bars for
diverse operating conditions.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version
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