272,462 research outputs found

    Designing Integrated Conflict Management Systems: Guidelines for Practitioners and Decision Makers in Organizations

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    A committee of the ADR (alternative dispute resolution) in the Workplace Initiative of the Society of Professionals in Dispute Resolution (SPIDR) prepared this document for employers, managers, labor representatives, employees, civil and human rights organizations, and others who interact with organizations. In this document we explain why organizations should consider developing integrated conflict management systems to prevent and resolve conflict, and we provide practical guidelines for designing and implementing such systems. The principles identified in this document can also be used to manage external conflict with customers, clients, and the public. Indeed, we recommend that organizations focus simultaneously on preventing and managing both internal and external conflict. SPIDR recognizes that an integrated conflict management system will work only if designed with input from users and decision makers at all levels of the organization. Each system must be tailored to fit the organization\u27s needs, circumstances, and culture. In developing these systems, experimentation is both necessary and healthy. We hope that this document will provide guidance, encourage experimentation, and contribute to the evolving understanding of how best to design and implement these systems

    A study of leadership styles of elementary school principals and their perceptions of school climate and conflict resolution programs

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    The purpose of this study was to examine and explore the role of leadership styles of elementary building principals and the climate of the school on the presence, support, and implementation of a conflict resolution programs in Oakland County, Michigan. This study examined leadership styles of elementary principals and the relationship it had on attitudes and support of a conflict resolution program on schools\u27 overall climate. Implementing a conflict resolution program and training students and staff in conflict resolution skills can help schools develop a safe and orderly climate for students. The procedures for this study included a sample of 16 elementary principals and 276 K - 6 teachers. Likert\u27s (1983) Profile of a School (POS), Profile of Perceptions Toward Conflict Resolution (PPTCR), and a short demographic survey were used to collect data needed to answer the four research questions. The research suggested that elementary school principals and teachers who held positive perceptions about their school environment were positive about outcomes of conflict resolution programs. Principals and teachers did not differ significantly on the positive implications of conflict resolution programs and their attitudes were supportive of conflict resolution programs in their school. The research showed that leadership style was the strongest predictor of support for conflict resolution programs. Principals\u27 whose leadership style were perceived to be more collaborative and supportive tended to be more effective in implementing successful conflict resolution programs in their buildings. This resulted in the creation of a positive climate that was perceived to be more collaborative and supportive

    Detection and resolution of aspect interactions

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    Aspect-Oriented Programming (AOP) promises separation of concerns at the implementation level. However, aspects are not always orthogonal and aspect interaction is an important problem. Currently there is almost no support for the detection and resolution of such interactions. The programmer is responsible for identifying interactions between conflicting aspects and implementing conflict resolution code. In this paper, we propose a solution to this problem based on a generic framework for AOP. The contributions are threefold: we present a formal and expressive crosscut language, two static conflict analyses and some linguistic support for conflict resolution

    The Efficacy of Teaching Conflict Resolution

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    The purpose of this study was to examine the efficacy of Conflict Resolution Programs in an elementary school. The question to be studied was whether incidents of disciplinary referrals would be reduced after implementing a Conflict Resolution Program. The entire student population of Simpson Elementary School for the academic years 1994-1995 and 1995-1996 served as subjects for this study. Disciplinary referrals were tallied for the students for the 1994-1995 academic year (i.e., the control group or prior to the Conflict Resolution Program). A Conflict Resolution Program was implemented coincident with the start of the 1995-1996 academic year. Disciplinary referrals were again tallied for the students for the 1995-1996 academic year (i.e., the test group or after receiving the Conflict Resolution Program). Results of a Paired-T Test on the student population demonstrated that the Conflict Resolution Program had a statistically significant effect in reducing disciplinary referrals

    LTE-advanced self-organizing network conflicts and coordination algorithms

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    Self-organizing network (SON) functions have been introduced in the LTE and LTEAdvanced standards by the Third Generation Partnership Project as an excellent solution that promises enormous improvements in network performance. However, the most challenging issue in implementing SON functions in reality is the identification of the best possible interactions among simultaneously operating and even conflicting SON functions in order to guarantee robust, stable, and desired network operation. In this direction, the first step is the comprehensive modeling of various types of conflicts among SON functions, not only to acquire a detailed view of the problem, but also to pave the way for designing appropriate Self-Coordination mechanisms among SON functions. In this article we present a comprehensive classification of SON function conflicts, which leads the way for designing suitable conflict resolution solutions among SON functions and implementing SON in reality. Identifying conflicting and interfering relations among autonomous network management functionalities is a tremendously complex task. We demonstrate how analysis of fundamental trade-offs among performance metrics can us to the identification of potential conflicts. Moreover, we present analytical models of these conflicts using reference signal received power plots in multi-cell environments, which help to dig into the complex relations among SON functions. We identify potential chain reactions among SON function conflicts that can affect the concurrent operation of multiple SON functions in reality. Finally, we propose a selfcoordination framework for conflict resolution among multiple SON functions in LTE/LTEAdvanced networks, while highlighting a number of future research challenges for conflict-free operation of SON

    State Legislative Update

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    This legislative analysis will look to conflict and dispute resolution in schools, along with how that conflict has been traditionally managed. Next, this article will examine some of the benefits that can be achieved by implementing forms of alternative dispute resolution in schools and the limitations to these benefits. Finally, this article will focus on the legislative response to the ever-present epidemic of conflict in our schools, including recent pieces of legislation in Louisiana and Massachusetts

    State Legislative Update

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    This legislative analysis will look to conflict and dispute resolution in schools, along with how that conflict has been traditionally managed. Next, this article will examine some of the benefits that can be achieved by implementing forms of alternative dispute resolution in schools and the limitations to these benefits. Finally, this article will focus on the legislative response to the ever-present epidemic of conflict in our schools, including recent pieces of legislation in Louisiana and Massachusetts

    Konflik Agama Dan Penyelesaiaannya: Kasus Ahmadiyah Di Kabupaten Tasikmalaya, Jawa Barat

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    : Religious Conflict and Its Resolution: A Sutdy of Ahmadiyah in Tasikmalaya, Weste Java. This writing is aimed at analyzing factors that underly conflicts between mainstream Islam and Ahmadiya, its resolution, the role of SKB Tiga Menteri of 2008 and Pergub 2011 as a media of conflict resolution, as well as the responese to the two statutes. The findings of this study reveal that the religious conflicts stem from theological aspects that extend to political, socio-economic, govern- ment\u27s inambiguity in implementing the regulation, Ahmadiya\u27s exclusiveness in their religious duties and the influence of media. Conflict resolution in non-litigation is carried out through mediation that involving the goverment\u27s apparatus and the police, and litigation via judicial process. Ahmadiya argues that SKB and Pergub are incapable of playing any role in resolving religious conflict and thus reject and try to revoke them judicially. Mainstream Islam, however, argues to the opposite and insists in issuance of President Act or statute to disperse Ahmadiya organization

    Detecting and Resolving Air Traffic Conflicts Using a Point of Closest Approach Method

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    A geometrical point of closest approach method is used to solve air traffic conflict detection/resolution problems with a single conflict vehicle that is unaware or unable to aid in resolving the conflict. Nonlinear, three degree of freedom equations of motion for a point-mass vehicle are derived and formulated to allow commanded trajectories to steer the vehicle to a desired location. A dynamic model is developed to propagate the vehicle in three dimensions. A closed-loop model implementing a negative feedback controller using a Proportional-Integral-Derivative control scheme is used to drive the vehicle to match the commanded trajectories. A conflict detection/resolution algorithm implementing a point of closest approach method is developed to determine the point at which the simulated, target vehicle will be just on the edge of a safe sphere surrounding the conflict aircraft to simulate the Federal Aviation Administration’s requirements for proper spacing between aircraft. A velocity vector is created to steer the target vehicle to this point to avoid any conflict. MathWorks’ Simulink computational environment is used to simulate the target vehicle and conflict vehicle. Various trajectories for the target vehicle and the conflict vehicle are tested to evaluate the performance of the algorithm. The algorithm performed satisfactorily in detecting and steering the vehicle away from a conflict, always improving the relative spacing between the two vehicles. However, the algorithm was lacking in capability to precisely satisfy the separation requirement. In all cases the target vehicle mildly penetrated the safe region. Future research directions are discussed with the goal of improving the conflict detection/resolution algorithm performance so that the separation requirement can be reliably met

    Teaching Conflict Transformation Through Stories

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    This work consists of a didactic compilation of 10 stories, which include fables, folktales, and one true story. These stories have been adapted into lessons and they focus mainly on the themes of conflict transformation and conflict resolution. Through a series of steps, structured by activities, learners will be able to experience working with several diverse scenarios of conflict. Part of these activities will require learners to relate and apply the issues in the stories both to themselves and to pertinent contexts of reality. Thus, this material constitutes a practical and experiential guide to the development and application of skills on promoting and implementing alternative ways to address conflict resolution. Its main objective is to prepare and equip learners and instructors alike to take an active part and be instruments in the task of furthering the so desperate and needed efforts towards peace
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