Accuracy versus simplicity in online battery model identification

This paper presents a framework for battery modeling in online, real-time applications where accuracy is important but speed is the key. The framework allows users to select model structures with the smallest number of parameters that is consistent with the accuracy requirements of the target application. The tradeoff between accuracy and speed in a battery model identification process is explored using different model structures and parameter-fitting algorithms. Pareto optimal sets are obtained, allowing a designer to select an appropriate compromise between accuracy and speed. In order to get a clearer understanding of the battery model identification problem, “identification surfaces” are presented. As an outcome of the battery identification surfaces, a new analytical solution is derived for battery model identification using a closed-form formula to obtain a battery’s ohmic resistance and open circuit voltage from measurement data. This analytical solution is used as a benchmark for comparison of other fitting algorithms and it is also used in its own right in a practical scenario for state-of-charge estimation. A simulation study is performed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework and the simulation results are verified by conducting experimental tests on a small NiMH battery pack

A Comparison of ICA versus genetic algorithm optimized ICA for use in non-invasive muscle tissue EMG

Includes bibliographical references.The patent developed by Dr. L. John [1] allows for the the detection of deep muscle activation through the combination of specially positioned monopolar surface Electromyography (sEMG) electrodes and a Blind Source Separation algorithm. This concept was then proved by Morowasi and John [2] in a 12 electrode prototype system around the bicep. This proof of concept showed that it was possible to extract the deep tissue activity of the brachialis muscle in the upper arm, however, the effect of surface electrode positioning and effectual number of electrodes on signal quality is still unclear. The hope of this research is to extend this work. In this research, a genetic algorithm (GA) is implemented on top of the Fast Independent Component Analysis (FastICA) algorithm to reduce the number of electrodes needed to isolate the activity from all muscles in the upper arm, including deep tissue. The GA selects electrodes based on the amount of significant information they contribute to the ICA solution and by doing so, a reduced electrode set is generated and alternative electrode positions are identified. This allows a near optimal electrode configuration to be produced for each user. The benefits of this approach are: 1.The generalized electrode array and this algorithm can select the near optimal electrode arrangement with very minimal understanding of the underlying anatomy. 2. It can correct for small anatomical differences between test subjects and act as a calibration phase for individuals. As with any design there are also disadvantages, such as each user needs to have the electrode placement specifically customised for him or her and this process needs to be conducted using a higher number of electrodes to begin with

A Wireless Sensor Network Based Solar Powered Harvesting System for Aquaculture

Despite improvements in battery technology and declines in electronics power demands, many new applications in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are taking into account increasing power requirements. Furthermore, since in WSNs it is frequently desirable to deploy nodes in unobtainable places, it might be impossible to provide large enough power for such applications given the fact that battery replacement is not practicable. This results in significant interests in designing sensor nodes with the capability of extracting electrical energy from surrounding ambient sources. The ultimate goal of this research is to achieve a perpetually powered system without a necessary periodical maintenance for battery replacement or recharging. The energy harvesting system developed for this research has been experimentally verified and can increase the lifetime of an entire network to reach that of its individual hardware components. We realized a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm that could switch power source according to light conditions to ensure the continuous stable operation

Electronic Control Board for Phased Antenna Array Research and Prototyping

Czech Science Foundation under the project number 20-02046S (Antenna Arrays with Quantized Controlling)Current state-of-the-art phased antenna arrays used in modern generations of mobile networks and radars in terrestrial applications or as spacecraft antennas in space applications tend to be very complex and expensive devices with many mutually coupled elements and many input/output ports that are excited with varying amplitude and phase. Also, the simulation and design of such complex antenna arrays may not be accurate due to many sources of uncertainty, such as inhomogeneity of high-frequency substrate properties over large area, manufacturing tolerances, idealized component models, etc. Therefore, simpler solutions of these antenna arrays in the form of sparse arrays, non-uniform arrays or arrays with parasitic elements are intensively studied. In this paper, we present an experimental electronic control board, which is used in our research of simplified phased array antennas. This digitally controllable board, in addition to the commonly used changes in the amplitude and phase of the propagated signal, can connect the individual antenna elements to a programmable impedance load, variable in the capacitive and inductive range. The aim of the implementation of this control electronic board is to study the influence of the mutual couplings of actively excited elements of the antenna array and parasitic elements loaded by variable impedance load on the resulting properties of the antenna array

Advanced photonic and electronic systems - WILGA 2017

WILGA annual symposium on advanced photonic and electronic systems has been organized by young scientist for young scientists since two decades. It traditionally gathers more than 350 young researchers and their tutors. Ph.D students and graduates present their recent achievements during well attended oral sessions. Wilga is a very good digest of Ph.D. works carried out at technical universities in electronics and photonics, as well as information sciences throughout Poland and some neighboring countries. Publishing patronage over Wilga keep Elektronika technical journal by SEP, IJET by PAN and Proceedings of SPIE. The latter world editorial series publishes annually more than 200 papers from Wilga. Wilga 2017 was the XL edition of this meeting. The following topical tracks were distinguished: photonics, electronics, information technologies and system research. The article is a digest of some chosen works presented during Wilga 2017 symposium. WILGA 2017 works were published in Proc. SPIE vol.10445

Characterization and Coherent Spin Selective Manipulation of Quantum Dot Energy Levels

Semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) are promising candidates to fulfill a wide range of applications in real-world quantum computing, communication, and networks. Their excellent optical properties such as high brightness, single-photon purity, and narrow linewidths show potential utility in many areas. In order to realize long term goals of integration into complex and scalable quantum information systems, many current challenges must be overcome. One of these challenges is accomplishment of all necessary computing operations within a QD, which might be enabled by coherent manipulation of single QD energy level structures. In the realm of scalability for quantum devices, a way to address problems posed by the inhomogeneous distribution of individual QD spectral properties is necessary. This dissertation presents record large AC Stark shifts applied to the energy level structure of a single semiconductor QD, as well as an automated spectroscopy method for efficient characterization of many QDs. The AC Stark shifts are spin-selective and fast, which are highly desirable qualities in a mechanism for energy level reconfiguration. The AC stark shifts are measured by resonant excitation spectroscopy; a coherent technique which explicitly shows the change in energetic structure. A novel optical filtering scheme is developed to discriminate the high-powered laser inducing the shifts from the weak QD photoluminescence, and a polarimeter device is constructed to accurately measure the polarization state of a laser beam. Machine vision is used to automate spectroscopy of many QDs in bulk by acquiring high-resolution emission spectra, which allows characterization of individual QD energy level structures prior to device fabrication

Técnicas de Adquisición y Procesamiento de Señales Electrocardiográficas en la Detección de Arritmias Cardíacas

The development of ambulatory monitoring systems and its electrocardiographic (ECG) signal processing techniques has become an important field of investigation, due to its relevance in the early detection of cardiovascular diseases such as the arrhythmias. The current trend of this technology is oriented to the use of portable equipment and mobile devices such as Smartphones, which have been widely accepted due to the technical characteristics and common integration in daily life. A fundamental characteristic of these systems is their ability to reduce the most common types of noise by means of digital signal processing techniques.  Among the most used techniques are the adaptive filters and the Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) which have been successfully implemented in several studies. There are systems that integrate classification stages based on artificial intelligence, which increases the performance in the process of arrhythmias detection. These techniques are not only evaluated for their functionality but for their computational cost, since they will be used in real-time applications, and implemented in embedded systems. This paper shows a review of each of the stages in the construction of a standard ambulatory monitoring system, for the contextualization of the reader in this type of technology.El desarrollo de sistemas de  monitoreo  ambulatorio  y  sus  técnicas  de  procesamiento  de  la  señal  electrocardiográfica (ECG) se han convertido en un importante campo de investigación, debido a su relevancia en la detección temprana de enfermedades cardiovasculares, tales como arritmias. La tendencia actual de esta tecnología está orientada al uso de equipos portátiles y dispositivos móviles como los Smartphones, que han sido ampliamente aceptados debido a sus características técnicas y a su integración, cada vez más común, en la vida diaria. Una característica fundamental de estos sistemas es su capacidad de reducir los tipos más comunes de ruido mediante técnicas de procesamiento de señales digitales. Entre las técnicas más utilizadas se encuentran los filtros adaptativos y la Transformada Discreta Wavelet (DWT, por sus siglas en inglés), los cuales han sido implementados exitosamente en diversos estudios. Así mismo, se reportan sistemas que integran etapas de clasificación basadas en inteligencia artificial, con lo cual se aumenta el rendimiento en el proceso de detección de arritmias. En este sentido, estas técnicas no solo son evaluadas por su funcionalidad, sino por su costo computacional, debido a que deben ser utilizadas en aplicaciones en tiempo real, e implementadas en sistemas embebidos. Este documento presenta una revisión del estado del arte de cada una de las etapas en la construcción de un sistema de monitoreo ambulatorio estándar, para la contextualización del lector en este tipo de tecnologías

A Novel Power-Efficient Wireless Multi-channel Recording System for the Telemonitoring of Electroencephalography (EEG)

This research introduces the development of a novel EEG recording system that is modular, batteryless, and wireless (untethered) with the supporting theoretical foundation in wireless communications and related design elements and circuitry. Its modular construct overcomes the EEG scaling problem and makes it easier for reconfiguring the hardware design in terms of the number and placement of electrodes and type of standard EEG system contemplated for use. In this development, portability, lightweight, and applicability to other clinical applications that rely on EEG data are sought. Due to printer tolerance, the 3D printed cap consists of 61 electrode placements. This recording capacity can however extend from 21 (as in the international 10-20 systems) up to 61 EEG channels at sample rates ranging from 250 to 1000 Hz and the transfer of the raw EEG signal using a standard allocated frequency as a data carrier. The main objectives of this dissertation are to (1) eliminate the need for heavy mounted batteries, (2) overcome the requirement for bulky power systems, and (3) avoid the use of data cables to untether the EEG system from the subject for a more practical and less restrictive setting. Unpredictability and temporal variations of the EEG input make developing a battery-free and cable-free EEG reading device challenging. Professional high-quality and high-resolution analog front ends are required to capture non-stationary EEG signals at microvolt levels. The primary components of the proposed setup are the wireless power transmission unit, which consists of a power amplifier, highly efficient resonant-inductive link, rectification, regulation, and power management units, as well as the analog front end, which consists of an analog to digital converter, pre-amplification unit, filtering unit, host microprocessor, and the wireless communication unit. These must all be compatible with the rest of the system and must use the least amount of power possible while minimizing the presence of noise and the attenuation of the recorded signal A highly efficient resonant-inductive coupling link is developed to decrease power transmission dissipation. Magnetized materials were utilized to steer electromagnetic flux and decrease route and medium loss while transmitting the required energy with low dissipation. Signal pre-amplification is handled by the front-end active electrodes. Standard bio-amplifier design approaches are combined to accomplish this purpose, and a thorough investigation of the optimum ADC, microcontroller, and transceiver units has been carried out. We can minimize overall system weight and power consumption by employing battery-less and cable-free EEG readout system designs, consequently giving patients more comfort and freedom of movement. Similarly, the solutions are designed to match the performance of medical-grade equipment. The captured electrical impulses using the proposed setup can be stored for various uses, including classification, prediction, 3D source localization, and for monitoring and diagnosing different brain disorders. All the proposed designs and supporting mathematical derivations were validated through empirical and software-simulated experiments. Many of the proposed designs, including the 3D head cap, the wireless power transmission unit, and the pre-amplification unit, are already fabricated, and the schematic circuits and simulation results were based on Spice, Altium, and high-frequency structure simulator (HFSS) software. The fully integrated head cap to be fabricated would require embedding the active electrodes into the 3D headset and applying current technological advances to miniaturize some of the design elements developed in this dissertation

Advanced photonic and electronic systems WILGA 2016

Young Researchers Symposium WILGA on Photonics Applications and Web Engineering has been organized since 1998, two times a year. Subject area of the Wilga Symposium are advanced photonic and electronic systems in all aspects: theoretical, design and application, hardware and software, academic, scientific, research, development, commissioning and industrial, but also educational and development of research and technical staff. Each year, during the international Spring edition, the Wilga Symposium is attended by a few hundred young researchers, graduated M.Sc. students, Ph.D. students, young doctors, young research workers from the R&D institutions, universities, innovative firms, etc. Wilga, gathering through years the organization experience, has turned out to be a perfect relevant information exchange platform between young researchers from Poland with participation  of international guests, all active in the research areas of electron and photon technologies, electronics, photonics, telecommunications, automation, robotics and information technology, but also technical physics. The paper summarizes the achievements of the 38th Spring Edition of 2016 WILGA Symposium, organized in Wilga Village Resort owned by Warsaw University of technology