application of nighttime lights data

Thesis(Master) --KDI School:Master of Development Policy,2020China’s rapid and successful development of HSR network provides a sound empirical setting to analyze the effect of transport infrastructure on regional development. Did the HSR promote local economic activities in the areas near HSR stations? This study aims to empirically examine the changes in economic activities associated with the introduction of the Wuhan-Guangzhou HSR line on December 26th, 2009. For analysis, this study uses nighttime lights data from the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) to proxy for local economic activities and construct an 8-year panel dataset at the township level. Using a differences-in-differences approach, the study finds that on average, townships near HSR stations have seen an increase in economic activities by 9% four years after the launch of the HSR. A series of robustness checks confirms the main result.1. Introduction 2. Literature Review 3. Background 4. Data and Summary Statistics 5. Empirical Strategy 6. Empirical Results 7. Conclusion and Discussion 8. ReferenceOutstandingmasterpublishedHye Rin LEE

Sizing Up Transport Poverty Alleviation: A Structural Equation Modeling Empirical Analysis

The aim of this paper was to systematically obtain the poverty reduction effects and diversified poverty alleviation paths of road infrastructure, to assist in the planning of transport poverty alleviation and rural revitalization in the concentrated contiguous poverty-stricken areas. The measurement methods for impact effects and paths of transport poverty alleviation have been scientifically proposed based on methods of transportation economics and transportation geography. Firstly, an overview of the interactive mechanism and processes by which road infrastructure investment influences poverty reduction has been offered, and the characteristics of poverty space and spatial coupling result of road infrastructure have been systematically obtained. The results show that about 70% of the district counties’ road infrastructure and poverty rate are in a state of spatial coupling imbalance; the coordinated synchronous type is mainly distributed along the road network. Secondly, the structural equation model system has been formulated with variables that reflect transportation input in adjacent geographical units to consider spatial spillover effects. The results show that the direct poverty reduction effect of road infrastructure (0.105) is much lower than the indirect poverty reduction effect (0.830). Thirdly, empirical analysis at regional level of the concentrated contiguous poverty-stricken areas in China has been conducted. As a result, while addressing the limitations of previous studies, the poverty alleviation path that has been proposed also aims to catalyze actions to reduce the transport-related exclusion in poverty-stricken areas caused by the lack of access to basic facilities

The impact of high-speed railway on tourism spatial structures between two adjoining metropolitan cities in China: Beijing and Tianjin

This study examines the impact of HSR services on the tourism spatial interactions between Beijing and Tianjin in China. Data were collected from official statistical reports. A method of derivation was developed and several indexes, such as tourism mean center, and tourism standard distance are further applied to measure temporal-spatial changes between the two adjoining cities. The results reveal the dynamic tourism spatial interaction between Beijing and Tianjin has been influenced by a range of factors including population, destination attractiveness, disposable income and income elasticity, changes in the domestic and international spatial structure of tourist flows and how destination management organizations react to the changes. The study has implications for both the research and practice of city transportation and tourism development

Planning for Complementarity: An Examination of the Roll and Opportunities of First-Tier and Second-Tier Cities Along the High-Speed Rail Network in California, Research Report 11-17

The coming of California High-Speed Rail (HSR) offers opportunities for positive urban transformations in both first-tier and second-tier cities. The research in this report explores the different but complementary roles that first-tier and second-tier cities along the HSR network can play in making California more sustainable and less dependent on fossil fuels while reducing mobile sources of greenhouse gas emissions and congestion at airports and on the state’s roadways. Drawing from case studies of cities in Northern and Southern California, the study develops recommendations for the planning, design, and programming of areas around California stations for the formation of transit-supportive density nodes

How does transportation facilitate regional economic development?:A heuristic mapping of the literature

Despite a growing body of literature, the relationship between transport investment and regional economic development remains elusive. Individual studies highlight certain aspects but neglect others, and yet do not add up to a holistic framework. This paper engages with this gap by developing a holistic conceptual framework based on the synthesis of the literature. A list of variables and relationships were extracted and classified into a broad framework representing common elements of a regional economic system. Then, a causal loop diagram (CLD) was produced as a conceptual model by employing a system dynamics method that captures the interaction of the elements. The conceptual model reveals that the underlying mechanisms of regional economic development represent a complex and dynamic process engaging multiple factors, causalities, and temporal dynamics. Transport investment improves the attractiveness of regions and generates economic activities, reinforcing further investments, thereby fostering regional GDP and urban growth. The conditions of interregional transport infrastructure determine where cities can emerge and grow, and urban transport infrastructure conditions guide how big (population) and wide (area) a city can become. Three additional soft policies (urban transport, urban policies, and institutions and innovation) influence the attractiveness of regions and their economic activities. The time and scales of the policy inputs may produce different outcomes, i.e., city(ies) size and regional GDP, leading to income inequality across regions. We conclude that the generated conceptual model offers a distinct contribution by originally mapping the links between different studies and provides an overarching framework for further explorations

Impacts on the social cohesion of mainland Spain’s future motorway and high-speed rail networks

Una gran expansión de la red de infraestructuras viarias y ferroviarias está prevista en el Plan de Infraestructuras, Transportes y Vivienda (PITVI), a fin de lograr una mayor cohesión social en 2024 en España. Por esta razón, el objetivo de este estudio es para clasificar e identificar a los municipios que van a mejorar o empeorar su cohesión social. Para lograr este objetivo, los municipios fueron clasificados según el grado de desarrollo socioeconómico, y sus niveles de accesibilidad se determinaron antes y después de la construcción de estas infraestructuras. En primer lugar, la clasificación socioeconómica demuestra que existe predominio en la mitad septentrional de la península en los municipios más desarrollados. En segundo lugar, los niveles de accesibilidad muestran que un centro-modelo periférico se va a mantener en el futuro. Por último, los patrones territoriales, mal definidos, se obtiene con respecto a los efectos positivos o negativos de las nuevas infraestructuras en el ámbito de la cohesión social. Por lo tanto, es posible afirmar que el plan de construcción va a cumplir su objetivo parcialmente, ya que una cuarta parte de la población va a ser afectada por un impacto negativo en el desarrollo socioeconómico. Como consecuencia, las personas que viven aquí van a tener grandes problemas para lograr la cohesión social.A great expansion of the road and rail network is contemplated in the Infrastructure, Transport and Housing Plan (PITVI in Spanish), in order to achieve greater social cohesion in 2024 in Spain. For this reason, the aim of this study is to classify and to identify those municipalities that are going to improve or worsen their social cohesion. To achieve this goal, the municipalities were classified according to the degree of socioeconomic development, and their accessibility levels were determined before and after the construction of these infrastructures. Firstly, the socioeconomic classification demonstrates that there is predominance in the northern half of the peninsula in the most developed municipalities. Secondly, the accessibility levels show that the same center-peripheral models are going to be kept in the future. Finally, poorly-defined territorial patterns are obtained with respect to the positive or negative effects of new infrastructures on social cohesion. Therefore, it is possible to state that the construction plan is going to partially fulfill its aim, since a quarter of the population is going to be affected by a negative impact on socioeconomic development. As a consequence, people who live here are going to have major problems in achieving social cohesion.Trabajo patrocinado por: Junta de Extremadura y Fondos FEDER. Ayuda GR15121peerReviewe

Urban transport sustainability indicators: Application of Multi-View Black-Box (MVBB) framework

In a recent work Nathan and Reddy (2011a) have proposed a Multi-view Black-box (MVBB) framework for development of sustainable development indicators (SDIs) for an urban setup. The framework is flexible to be applied to any domain or sector of urban system. In this paper the proposed MVBB framework is applied for transportation sector of Mumbai city. The paper begins with a discussion on transportation sector and its unsustainability links and trends. It outlines the concept of sustainable transportation system and reviews some of the prominent sustainable transportation indicator initiatives. In order to formalize sustainable development indicators (SDIs) for transportation sector, the study collates the indicators from literature, placed them in Mumbai's context and classified them into the three dimensions of urban sustainability-economic efficiency, social wellbeing and ecological acceptability.Sustainable transportation system, Potential indicators, Urban sustainability, MVBB, Transport indicators, Economic efficiency, Social wellbeing, Ecological acceptability

The Impact of High-Speed Railway on Urban Housing Prices in China : A Network Accessibility Perspective

This research is financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (71973019, 71673033, 71973148), the Social Science Foundation of China (18ZDA005, 19ZDA082), Chongqing Social Science Planning Project (2017YBJJ024), and Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (NO.2020CDJSK02PT26, NO.2019CDSKXYJG0037). The authors are solely responsible for any error or omission herein.Peer reviewedPostprin

THREE ESSAYS ON THE HIGH-SPEED RAIL NETWORK IN CHINA

My dissertation consists of three essays that study the economic consequences of China’s high-speed rail (HSR) expansion. In the first essay, I use the college admission cutoff scores to reveal students’ college preferences under the enrollment quota. By exploiting the quasi-experimental variation in whether or not college cities are connected by the HSR network, I document a two-point increase in the cutoff scores following a HSR station opening in the college city using difference-in-difference (DD) approach. Colleges in the megacities experience a larger increase in cutoff scores after the station opening. These findings suggest that the HSR network stimulates “brain drain” from unconnected cities to connected cities, especially connected megacities. The second essay examines the impact of better HSR accessibility on housing prices in Jiangsu Province. Using transaction data of new houses aggregated to the complex level, I compare the housing prices of properties close to the new HSR stations to those close to pre-existing HSR stations, before and after the new station openings. In a DD specification, I document that housing prices decrease by twenty percent in the areas where the station distance reduces due to the station opening outside the city. The third essay investigates the impacts on household income. Using DD approach, I document that urban households experience a significant increase in total household income following the opening of HSR station in their city. While labor earnings increase, the probability of having business income decreases. Moreover, labor income of the households whose heads work in the manufacturing sector increases little, but for households whose heads work in the transport or communications sectors increases much more than other households, suggesting that the HSR network facilitates urban industry specialization