Recent Trends in Coatings and Thin Film–Modeling and Application

Over the past four decades, there has been increased attention given to the research of fluid mechanics due to its wide application in industry and phycology. Major advances in the modeling of key topics such Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids and thin film flows have been made and finally published in the Special Issue of coatings. This is an attempt to edit the Special Issue into a book. Although this book is not a formal textbook, it will definitely be useful for university teachers, research students, industrial researchers and in overcoming the difficulties occurring in the said topic, while dealing with the nonlinear governing equations. For such types of equations, it is often more difficult to find an analytical solution or even a numerical one. This book has successfully handled this challenging job with the latest techniques. In addition, the findings of the simulation are logically realistic and meet the standard of sufficient scientific value

Mathematical Model of Simultaneous Flow between Casson Fluid and Dust Particle over a Vertical Stretching Sheet

The process involving multiphase flow generally can be found in natural phenomena and many industrial applications. It might be between solid-liquid flow, liquid-liquid flow, gas-solid flow or gas-liquid flow. Their interaction is significant and able to influence the flow characteristics. The experimental work for this topic has been widely performed in order to obtain the best interaction output but it is still incomplete due to the limitation in term of cost and safety issue. Since then, the mathematical model is proposed to counter that constraint. This paper is aims to propose the mathematical model representing the two-phase flow which the interaction of non-Newtonian Casson fluid and solid particles is examined. The flow is investigated moving over a stretching sheet and the combined convection is considered together with the influence of heat generation in fluid phase. The governing equations representing the two-phase model are first transformed into the ordinary differential equations using established similarity transformations where the complexity of the model is reduced. The resulting equations are then solved by employing the Keller-box method with the help of Matlab software. The numerical output in term of velocity and temperature distribution for both phases are illustrated graphically and the value of skin friction and heat transfer coefficients are presented in tabular form for various value of mixed convection parameter, heat generation parameter and Casson parameter. Findings reveal that, the parameter under investigation affects the flow characteristics and present a significant impact to both phases except for mixed convection parameter

Computational Fluid Dynamics 2020

This book presents a collection of works published in a recent Special Issue (SI) entitled “Computational Fluid Dynamics”. These works address the development and validation of existent numerical solvers for fluid flow problems and their related applications. They present complex nonlinear, non-Newtonian fluid flow problems that are (in some cases) coupled with heat transfer, phase change, nanofluidic, and magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) phenomena. The applications are wide and range from aerodynamic drag and pressure waves to geometrical blade modification on aerodynamics characteristics of high-pressure gas turbines, hydromagnetic flow arising in porous regions, optimal design of isothermal sloshing vessels to evaluation of (hybrid) nanofluid properties, their control using MHD, and their effect on different modes of heat transfer. Recent advances in numerical, theoretical, and experimental methodologies, as well as new physics, new methodological developments, and their limitations are presented within the current book. Among others, in the presented works, special attention is paid to validating and improving the accuracy of the presented methodologies. This book brings together a collection of inter/multidisciplinary works on many engineering applications in a coherent manner

Advances in Heat and Mass Transfer in Micro/Nano Systems

The miniaturization of components in mechanical and electronic equipment has been the driving force for the fast development of micro/nanosystems. Heat and mass transfer are crucial processes in such systems, and they have attracted great interest in recent years. Tremendous effort, in terms of theoretical analyses, experimental measurements, numerical simulation, and practical applications, has been devoted to improve our understanding of complex heat and mass transfer processes and behaviors in such micro/nanosystems. This Special Issue is dedicated to showcasing recent advances in heat and mass transfer in micro- and nanosystems, with particular focus on the development of new models and theories, the employment of new experimental techniques, the adoption of new computational methods, and the design of novel micro/nanodevices. Thirteen articles have been published after peer-review evaluations, and these articles cover a wide spectrum of active research in the frontiers of micro/nanosystems

Computation of reactive thermosolutal micropolar nanofluid Sakiadis convection flow with gold/silver metallic nanoparticles

In the present study, a mathematical model is developed by combining the Tiwari-Das nanofluidformulation with the Eringen micro-morphic model to simulate the thermo-solutal natural convection chemicallyreacting micropolar nanofluid flow from a permeable stretching surface with non-uniform heat source/sink effects.The transformed ordinary differential equation boundary value problem features linear momentum, angularmomentum, energy and species conservation boundary layer equations with appropriate boundary conditions.This ninth order nonlinear system is solved with Runge-Kutta 45 Fehlberg method (Maple dsolve routine).Several nanoparticles i.e., gold, and silver with aqueous base fluid are studied. The influence of the effect of theemerging parameters on the velocity, angular velocity, temperature, nanoparticle concentration, skin friction,couple stress, Nusselt number and Sherwood number distributions are visualized and tabulated. It is observed thatIncreasing volume fraction decreases velocity whereas it elevates microrotation, temperature and nanoparticleconcentration. Nanoparticle concentrations are elevated for stronger destructive chemical reaction effect whereasthey are suppressed with constructive chemical reaction. With greater micropolar boundary condition parameter,the velocity is elevated, microrotation but reduces temperature and thermal boundary layer thickness. Increasingnanoparticle volume fraction enhances both skin friction and couple stress but marginally reduces the Nusseltnumber. Finally, Au-water micropolar nanofluids achieve the highest skin friction and couple stress magnitudes,then Ag-water and finally Cu-water. Validation of solutions with earlier non-reactive studies in the absence ofnanoparticle mass transfer are included

The Threat of Plant Toxins and Bioterrorism: A Review

The intentional use of highly pathogenic microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses or their toxins, to spread mass-scale diseases that destabilize populations (with motivations of religious or ideological belief, monetary implications, or political decisions) is defined as bioterrorism. Although the success of a bioterrorism attack is not very realistic due to technical constraints, it is not unlikely and the threat of such an attack is higher than ever before. It is now a fact that the capability to create panic has allured terrorists for the use of biological agents (BAs) to cause terror attacks. In the era of biotechnology and nanotechnology, accessibility in terms of price and availability has spread fast, with new sophisticated BAs often being produced and used. Moreover, there are some BAs that are becoming increasingly important, such as toxins produced by bacteria (e.g., Botulinum toxin, BTX), or Enterotoxyn type B, also known as Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B (SEB)) and extractions from plants. The most increasing records are with regards to the extraction / production of ricin, abrin, modeccin, viscumin and volkensin, which are the most lethal plant toxins known to humans, even in low amounts. Moreover, ricin was also developed as an aerosol biological warfare agent (BWA) by the US and its allies during World War II, but was never used. Nowadays, there are increasing records that show how easy it can be to extract plant toxins and transform them into biological weapon agents (BWAs), regardless of the scale of the group of individuals

Two Phase Flow, Phase Change and Numerical Modeling

The heat transfer and analysis on laser beam, evaporator coils, shell-and-tube condenser, two phase flow, nanofluids, complex fluids, and on phase change are significant issues in a design of wide range of industrial processes and devices. This book includes 25 advanced and revised contributions, and it covers mainly (1) numerical modeling of heat transfer, (2) two phase flow, (3) nanofluids, and (4) phase change. The first section introduces numerical modeling of heat transfer on particles in binary gas-solid fluidization bed, solidification phenomena, thermal approaches to laser damage, and temperature and velocity distribution. The second section covers density wave instability phenomena, gas and spray-water quenching, spray cooling, wettability effect, liquid film thickness, and thermosyphon loop. The third section includes nanofluids for heat transfer, nanofluids in minichannels, potential and engineering strategies on nanofluids, and heat transfer at nanoscale. The forth section presents time-dependent melting and deformation processes of phase change material (PCM), thermal energy storage tanks using PCM, phase change in deep CO2 injector, and thermal storage device of solar hot water system. The advanced idea and information described here will be fruitful for the readers to find a sustainable solution in an industrialized society

Microfluidics and Nanofluidics Handbook

The Microfluidics and Nanofluidics Handbook: Two-Volume Set comprehensively captures the cross-disciplinary breadth of the fields of micro- and nanofluidics, which encompass the biological sciences, chemistry, physics and engineering applications. To fill the knowledge gap between engineering and the basic sciences, the editors pulled together key individuals, well known in their respective areas, to author chapters that help graduate students, scientists, and practicing engineers understand the overall area of microfluidics and nanofluidics. Topics covered include Finite Volume Method for Numerical Simulation Lattice Boltzmann Method and Its Applications in Microfluidics Microparticle and Nanoparticle Manipulation Methane Solubility Enhancement in Water Confined to Nanoscale Pores Volume Two: Fabrication, Implementation, and Applications focuses on topics related to experimental and numerical methods. It also covers fabrication and applications in a variety of areas, from aerospace to biological systems. Reflecting the inherent nature of microfluidics and nanofluidics, the book includes as much interdisciplinary knowledge as possible. It provides the fundamental science background for newcomers and advanced techniques and concepts for experienced researchers and professionals

MS FT-2-2 7 Orthogonal polynomials and quadrature: Theory, computation, and applications

Quadrature rules find many applications in science and engineering. Their analysis is a classical area of applied mathematics and continues to attract considerable attention. This seminar brings together speakers with expertise in a large variety of quadrature rules. It is the aim of the seminar to provide an overview of recent developments in the analysis of quadrature rules. The computation of error estimates and novel applications also are described