The Application of Eye-Tracking Technology in the Assessment of Radiology Practices: A Systematic Review

The aim of this review is to provide an in-depth analysis of literature pertaining to the use of eye-tracking equipment in the evaluation of radiological image interpretation by professionals in clinical practice. A systematic search of current literature was conducted through the databases of CINAHL, Medline, ProQuest, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Wiley Online Library. A total of 25 articles were included in the final analysis. The literature gathered referenced four main discussions, which were competency assessment, educational tools, visual search behaviour and assistive aid evaluations. The majority of articles (68%) referenced to the competency assessment of professional groups yet appeared to have conflicting results within the categories of speed and eye-metrics. Significant conclusions could be made pertaining to confidence (100%) and accuracy measurements (56%), which suggested a background of higher experience correlates to a higher rate of accuracy and a higher confidence level. Other findings regarding the main themes focused on eye-tracking as an educational tool, where the literature suggests that such equipment may be useful in improving educational repertoire and interpretation technique. Literature pertaining to the visual search behaviour analysis and the evaluation of assistive aids did not provide strong conclusions due to research limitations. Whilst the use of eye-tracking in the analysis of radiological practices is a promising new venture to quantify the interpretation patterns of professionals, undertaking future research is recommended to solidify conclusions and provide greater insight

The Gaze Relational Index as a Measure of Visual Expertise

Eye tracking is a powerful technique that helps reveal how people process visual information. This paper discusses a novel metric for indicating expertise in visual information processing. Named the Gaze Relational Index (GRI), this metric is defined as the ratio of mean fixation duration to fixation count. Data from two eye-tracking studies of professional vision and visual expertise in using 3D dynamic medical visualizations are presented as cases to illustrate the suitability and additional benefits of the GRI. Calculated values of the GRI were higher for novices than for experts, and higher in non-representative, semi-familiar / unfamiliar task conditions than in domain-representative familiar tasks. These differences in GRI suggest that, compared to novices, experts engaged in more knowledge-driven, top-down processing that was characterized by quick, exploratory visual search. We discuss future research aiming to replicate the GRI in professional domains with complex visual stimuli and to identify the moderating role of cognitive ability on GRI estimates.</p

Imaging Sensors and Applications

In past decades, various sensor technologies have been used in all areas of our lives, thus improving our quality of life. In particular, imaging sensors have been widely applied in the development of various imaging approaches such as optical imaging, ultrasound imaging, X-ray imaging, and nuclear imaging, and contributed to achieve high sensitivity, miniaturization, and real-time imaging. These advanced image sensing technologies play an important role not only in the medical field but also in the industrial field. This Special Issue covers broad topics on imaging sensors and applications. The scope range of imaging sensors can be extended to novel imaging sensors and diverse imaging systems, including hardware and software advancements. Additionally, biomedical and nondestructive sensing applications are welcome

Evaluation of the region-specific risks of accidental radioactive releases from the European Spallation Source

The European Spallation Source (ESS) is a neutron research facility under construction in southern Sweden. The facility will produce a wide range ofradionuclides that could be released into the environment. Some radionuclides are of particular concern such as the rare earth gadolinium-148. In this article, the local environment was investigated in terms of food production and rare earth element concentration in soil. The collected data will later be used to model thetransfer of radioactive contaminations from the ESS

Deep Learning in Medical Image Analysis

The accelerating power of deep learning in diagnosing diseases will empower physicians and speed up decision making in clinical environments. Applications of modern medical instruments and digitalization of medical care have generated enormous amounts of medical images in recent years. In this big data arena, new deep learning methods and computational models for efficient data processing, analysis, and modeling of the generated data are crucially important for clinical applications and understanding the underlying biological process. This book presents and highlights novel algorithms, architectures, techniques, and applications of deep learning for medical image analysis

Ventilatory mechanics in thoracic surgery

This thesis proved that chest wall motion analysis technology could be used in thoracic surgery to answer a number of clinical and physiological questions. We used it either as a diagnostic tool or for the evaluation of an intervention outcome. We divided its use as a diagnostic tool into two categories; 1- diagnosis before surgery and 2- diagnosis after surgery. In the evaluation of an intervention outcome, we divided its use after a number of interventions: 1. Cosmetic Surgery: Chapter 5: The Effect of Pectus Carinatum (Pigeon Chest) Repair on Chest Wall Mechanics 2. Prognostic Surgery: a) Chapter 4: The Effect of Chest Wall Reconstruction on Chest Wall Mechanics b) Chapter 10: Late Changes in Chest Wall Mechanics Post Lung Resection: The Effect of Lung Cancer Resection In COPD patients 3. Palliative Surgery: a) Chapter 6: The Effect of Lung Volume Reduction Surgery on Chest Wall Mechanics b) Chapter 3: The Effect of Diaphragmatic Plication (Fixation) on Chest Wall Mechanics 4. Post-operative Intervention: Chapter 8: The Effect of Thoracic Nerve Blocks on Chest Wall Mechanic

Barriers and Enablers to the Implementation of Intelligent Guidance Systems for Patients in Chinese Tertiary Transfer Hospitals: Usability Evaluation

International Collaboration Project for the Building of Double First Class HUS