Multisystem Imaging Manifestations of COVID-19, Part 2: From Cardiac Complications to Pediatric Manifestations.

Infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 results in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which was declared an official pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020. COVID-19 has been reported in most countries, and as of August 15, 2020, there have been over 21 million cases of COVID-19 reported worldwide, with over 800 000 COVID-19-associated deaths. Although COVID-19 predominantly affects the respiratory system, it has become apparent that many other organ systems can also be involved. Imaging plays an essential role in the diagnosis of all manifestations of the disease and its related complications, and proper utilization and interpretation of imaging examinations is crucial. A comprehensive understanding of the diagnostic imaging hallmarks, imaging features, multisystem involvement, and evolution of imaging findings is essential for effective patient management and treatment. In part 1 of this article, the authors described the viral pathogenesis, diagnostic imaging hallmarks, and manifestations of the pulmonary and peripheral and central vascular systems of COVID-19. In part 2 of this article, the authors focus on the key imaging features of the varied pathologic manifestations of COVID-19, involving the cardiac, neurologic, abdominal, dermatologic and ocular, and musculoskeletal systems, as well as the pediatric and pregnancy-related manifestations of the virus. Online supplemental material is available for this article. ©RSNA, 2020

Imaging of Constipation and Its Complications

Radiology is an important tool in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with constipation. Imaging provides both vital anatomic and functional information that may facilitate arriving at an accurate diagnosis, assessing for serious complications, and delivering the appropriate therapy in a timely fashion. In this chapter, we discuss how each imaging modality is used to image patients with constipation. Within this discussion, we review what information is provided by each modality and we detail complete imaging protocols and technical parameters for each test. Finally, we highlight key findings with illustrative images from radiography, fluoroscopy, CT, and MR imaging

Imaging of ischemia, obstruction and infection in the abdomen

Intestinal ischemia is a serious condition that continues to be associated with mortalities in excess of 70%. Intestinal obstruction and gastrointestinal tract sepsis are common conditions, accounting for a large proportion of patients admitted to emergency departments with acute abdominal symptoms. This article discusses the imaging methods and key findings of these entities in the emergency radiology department. The article includes imaging examples, diagnostic options, protocol selections, diagnostic criteria, and differential diagnoses

Imaging spectrum of extrapulmonary manifestations of COVID-19 infection- a multi-centre descriptive study from Southern India

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) is the causative agent for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. While the primary organ of involvement in this disease is the lung, multiple other organ systems can be involved either due to direct viral cytopathic effects or due to thrombo-inflammation and immune system dysregulation. In this study we describe the spectrum of extrapulmonary imaging findings encountered in our patients with COVID-19.Methods: This was a retrospective observational study conducted in three tertiary care hospitals in the city of Chennai in southern India. All cross-sectional imaging studies (other than lung imaging studies) performed in patients who had proven COVID-19 infection by RT-PCR testing during the period from April 2020 to March 2021 were included as part of the study. Extrapulmonary findings in these imaging studies were recorded and collated system-wise.Results: A total of 96 non-lung imaging studies were performed in patients who had RT-PCR positivity for COVID-19 infection. Among these a total of 30 studies had extrapulmonary imaging findings. Vascular involvement was seen in 14 patients, central nervous system involvement in 13 patients, abdomen involvement in 2 patients, and cardiac involvement in 1 patient. Vascular manifestations included arterial and venous thrombosis. Neurological manifestations included stroke, encephalitis and demyelination. Abdominal manifestations included enteritis and acute kidney injury. Cardiac manifestation was in form of myocarditis.Conclusions: Extrapulmonary imaging findings in COVID-19 are uncommon but not rare. Multisystem thrombotic manifestations and central nervous system involvement account for majority of extrapulmonary imaging findings in COVID-19

Congenital Angiodysplasia in a Woman Presenting with Idiopathic Jejunal Varicosis on Angiography

Angiography is a useful diagnostic tool in cases with massive gastrointestinal bleeding such as angiodysplasia and varicosis when endoscopy is not available. Angiodysplasia and varicosis have distinguishable characteristic features on angiography, such as the presence of a nidus, visible late-draining veins, and the typical vascular tuft. We recently treated a rare case of congenital angiodysplasia without the characteristic angiodysplasia features on angiography. Instead, the patient presented with a very rare case of idiopathic jejunal varicosis. A 42-year-old woman visited the emergency room with the chief complaint of melena for three days and a hemoglobin level of 5.9 g/dL. An abdominal CT angiogram showed varicosis at the jejunal mesentery. Angiography of the superior and inferior mesenteric arteries showed tortuous and dilated jejunal and ileal branches during the venous phase, suggesting a vascular malformation such as varicosis of the jejunum. Surgical exploration with intraoperative endoscopy revealed diffuse engorged veins and a 1.0-cm-diameter superficial ulcer covered with a blood clot that was 70 cm from the ligament of Treitz. A 100-cm segment of jejunum was resected. Histological examination revealed that the lesion was angiodysplasia, not varicosis. The final diagnosis was congenital angiodysplasia

Diseases of the Abdomen and Pelvis 2018-2021: Diagnostic Imaging - IDKD Book

Gastrointestinal disease; PET/CT; Radiology; X-ray; IDKD; Davo

Histopathological Defects in Intestine in Severe Spinal Muscular Atrophy Mice Are Improved by Systemic Antisense Oligonucleotide Treatment

Acknowledgments This study is supported by the National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust and University College London (FM and HZ), the Medical Research Council grant (grant reference MR/L013142/1, FM), SMA-Europe grant (FM and HZ) and Great Ormond Street Hospital Children’s Charity grants (FM and HZ). JEM is supported by Great Ormond Street Hospital Children’s Charity. PS is supported by Bill Marshall Fellowship and The CP Charitable Trust at Great Ormond Street Hospital and UCL. SHP is supported by SMA Trust and Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neurone Disease Research.Peer reviewedPublisher PD