93 research outputs found

    N-way modeling for wavelet filter determination in Multivariate Image Analysis

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    Additional information may be found in the online version of this article at the publisher’s web site[EN] When trying to analyze spatial relationships in image analysis, wavelets appear as one of the state-of-the-art tools. However, image analysis is a problem-dependent issue, and different applications might require different wavelets in order to gather the main sources of variation in the acquired images with respect to the specific task to be performed. This paper provides a methodology based on N-way modeling for properly selecting the best wavelet choice to use or at least to provide a range of possible wavelet choices (in terms of families, filters, and decomposition levels), for each image and problem at hand. The methodology has been applied on two different data sets with exploratory and monitoring objectives. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.This research work was partially supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness under the project DPI2011-28112-C04-02.Prats-Montalbán, JM.; Cocchi, M.; Ferrer Riquelme, AJ. (2015). N-way modeling for wavelet filter determination in Multivariate Image Analysis. Journal of Chemometrics. 29:379-388. https://doi.org/10.1002/cem.2717S37938829Prats-Montalbán, J. M., de Juan, A., & Ferrer, A. (2011). Multivariate image analysis: A review with applications. Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems, 107(1), 1-23. doi:10.1016/j.chemolab.2011.03.002Liu, J. J., & MacGregor, J. F. (2007). On the extraction of spectral and spatial information from images. Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems, 85(1), 119-130. doi:10.1016/j.chemolab.2006.05.011Liu, J. J., & MacGregor, J. F. (2006). Estimation and monitoring of product aesthetics: application to manufacturing of «engineered stone» countertops. Machine Vision and Applications, 16(6), 374-383. doi:10.1007/s00138-005-0009-8Reis, M. S., & Bauer, A. (2009). Wavelet texture analysis of on-line acquired images for paper formation assessment and monitoring. Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems, 95(2), 129-137. doi:10.1016/j.chemolab.2008.09.007Van de Wouwer G Wavelets for multiscale texture analysis 1998Rackov, D. M., Popovic, M. V., & Mojsilovic, A. (2000). On the selection of an optimal wavelet basis for texture characterization. IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, 9(12), 2043-2050. doi:10.1109/83.887972Villasenor, J. D., Belzer, B., & Liao, J. (1995). Wavelet filter evaluation for image compression. IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, 4(8), 1053-1060. doi:10.1109/83.403412Svensson, O., Abrahamsson, K., Engelbrektsson, J., Nicholas, M., Wikström, H., & Josefson, M. (2006). An evaluation of 2D-wavelet filters for estimation of differences in textures of pharmaceutical tablets. Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems, 84(1-2), 3-8. doi:10.1016/j.chemolab.2006.04.019Engelbrektsson, J., Abrahamsson, K., Breitholtz, J., Nicholas, M., Svensson, O., Wikström, H., & Josefson, M. (2010). The impact of Mexican hat and dual-tree complex wavelet transforms on multivariate evaluation of image texture properties. Journal of Chemometrics, 24(7-8), 454-463. doi:10.1002/cem.1285Liu, J. J., & MacGregor, J. F. (2005). Modeling and Optimization of Product Appearance:  Application to Injection-Molded Plastic Panels. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 44(13), 4687-4696. doi:10.1021/ie0492101Mallet, Y., Coomans, D., Kautsky, J., & De Vel, O. (1997). Classification using adaptive wavelets for feature extraction. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 19(10), 1058-1066. doi:10.1109/34.625106Henrion, R. (1994). N-way principal component analysis theory, algorithms and applications. Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems, 25(1), 1-23. doi:10.1016/0169-7439(93)e0086-jMallat, S. G. (1989). A theory for multiresolution signal decomposition: the wavelet representation. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 11(7), 674-693. doi:10.1109/34.192463Pesquet, J.-C., Krim, H., & Carfantan, H. (1996). Time-invariant orthonormal wavelet representations. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 44(8), 1964-1970. doi:10.1109/78.533717Coifman, R. R., & Donoho, D. L. (1995). Translation-Invariant De-Noising. Lecture Notes in Statistics, 125-150. doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-2544-7_9Juneau, P.-M., Garnier, A., & Duchesne, C. (2015). The undecimated wavelet transform–multivariate image analysis (UWT-MIA) for simultaneous extraction of spectral and spatial information. Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems, 142, 304-318. doi:10.1016/j.chemolab.2014.09.007Daubechies I Ten Lectures on Wavelets, CBMS-NSF Regional Conference Series in Applied Mathematics 1992Jawerth, B., & Sweldens, W. (1994). An Overview of Wavelet Based Multiresolution Analyses. SIAM Review, 36(3), 377-412. doi:10.1137/1036095Gurden, S. P., Westerhuis, J. A., Bro, R., & Smilde, A. K. (2001). A comparison of multiway regression and scaling methods. Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems, 59(1-2), 121-136. doi:10.1016/s0169-7439(01)00168-xWesterhuis, J. A., Kourti, T., & MacGregor, J. F. (1999). Comparing alternative approaches for multivariate statistical analysis of batch process data. Journal of Chemometrics, 13(3-4), 397-413. doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-128x(199905/08)13:3/43.0.co;2-iBro, R., & Smilde, A. K. (2003). Centering and scaling in component analysis. Journal of Chemometrics, 17(1), 16-33. doi:10.1002/cem.773Henrion, R., & Andersson, C. A. (1999). 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Three-mode principal component analysis of monitoring data from Venice lagoon. Journal of Chemometrics, 14(3), 187-195. doi:10.1002/1099-128x(200005/06)14:33.0.co;2-0Prats-Montalbán, J. M., & Ferrer, A. (2007). Integration of colour and textural information in multivariate image analysis: defect detection and classification issues. Journal of Chemometrics, 21(1-2), 10-23. doi:10.1002/cem.1026Smilde, A., Bro, R., & Geladi, P. (2004). Multi-Way Analysis with Applications in the Chemical Sciences. doi:10.1002/047001211

    Using the Dual-Tree Complex Wavelet Transform for Improved Fabric Defect Detection

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    The dual-tree complex wavelet transform (DTCWT) solves the problems of shift variance and low directional selectivity in two and higher dimensions found with the commonly used discrete wavelet transform (DWT). It has been proposed for applications such as texture classification and content-based image retrieval. In this paper, the performance of the dual-tree complex wavelet transform for fabric defect detection is evaluated. As experimental samples, the fabric images from TILDA, a textile texture database from the Workgroup on Texture Analysis of the German Research Council (DFG), are used. The mean energies of real and imaginary parts of complex wavelet coefficients taken separately are identified as effective features for the purpose of fabric defect detection. Then it is shown that the use of the dual-tree complex wavelet transform yields greater performance as compared to the undecimated wavelet transform (UDWT) with a detection rate of 4.5% to 15.8% higher depending on the fabric type

    Vector extension of monogenic wavelets for geometric representation of color images

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    14 pagesInternational audienceMonogenic wavelets offer a geometric representation of grayscale images through an AM/FM model allowing invariance of coefficients to translations and rotations. The underlying concept of local phase includes a fine contour analysis into a coherent unified framework. Starting from a link with structure tensors, we propose a non-trivial extension of the monogenic framework to vector-valued signals to carry out a non marginal color monogenic wavelet transform. We also give a practical study of this new wavelet transform in the contexts of sparse representations and invariant analysis, which helps to understand the physical interpretation of coefficients and validates the interest of our theoretical construction

    Multi-Modal Enhancement Techniques for Visibility Improvement of Digital Images

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    Image enhancement techniques for visibility improvement of 8-bit color digital images based on spatial domain, wavelet transform domain, and multiple image fusion approaches are investigated in this dissertation research. In the category of spatial domain approach, two enhancement algorithms are developed to deal with problems associated with images captured from scenes with high dynamic ranges. The first technique is based on an illuminance-reflectance (I-R) model of the scene irradiance. The dynamic range compression of the input image is achieved by a nonlinear transformation of the estimated illuminance based on a windowed inverse sigmoid transfer function. A single-scale neighborhood dependent contrast enhancement process is proposed to enhance the high frequency components of the illuminance, which compensates for the contrast degradation of the mid-tone frequency components caused by dynamic range compression. The intensity image obtained by integrating the enhanced illuminance and the extracted reflectance is then converted to a RGB color image through linear color restoration utilizing the color components of the original image. The second technique, named AINDANE, is a two step approach comprised of adaptive luminance enhancement and adaptive contrast enhancement. An image dependent nonlinear transfer function is designed for dynamic range compression and a multiscale image dependent neighborhood approach is developed for contrast enhancement. Real time processing of video streams is realized with the I-R model based technique due to its high speed processing capability while AINDANE produces higher quality enhanced images due to its multi-scale contrast enhancement property. Both the algorithms exhibit balanced luminance, contrast enhancement, higher robustness, and better color consistency when compared with conventional techniques. In the transform domain approach, wavelet transform based image denoising and contrast enhancement algorithms are developed. The denoising is treated as a maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimator problem; a Bivariate probability density function model is introduced to explore the interlevel dependency among the wavelet coefficients. In addition, an approximate solution to the MAP estimation problem is proposed to avoid the use of complex iterative computations to find a numerical solution. This relatively low complexity image denoising algorithm implemented with dual-tree complex wavelet transform (DT-CWT) produces high quality denoised images

    Multispectral scleral patterns for ocular biometric recognition

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    Biometrics is the science of recognizing people based on their physical or behavioral traits such as face, fingerprints, iris, and voice. Among the various traits studied in the literature, ocular biometrics has gained popularity due to the significant progress made in iris recognition. However, iris recognition is unfavorably influenced by the non-frontal gaze direction of the eye with respect to the acquisition device. In such scenarios, additional parts of the eye, such as the sclera (the white of the eye) may be of significance. In this dissertation, we investigate the use of the sclera texture and the vasculature patterns evident in the sclera as potential biometric cues. Iris patterns are better discerned in the near infrared spectrum (NIR) while vasculature patterns are better discerned in the visible spectrum (RGB). Therefore, multispectral images of the eye, consisting of both NIR and RGB channels, were used in this work in order to ensure that both the iris and the vasculature patterns are successfully imaged.;The contributions of this work include the following. Firstly, a multispectral ocular database was assembled by collecting high-resolution color infrared images of the left and right eyes of 103 subjects using the DuncanTech MS 3100 multispectral camera. Secondly, a novel segmentation algorithm was designed to localize the spacial extent of the iris, sclera and pupil in the ocular images. The proposed segmentation algorithm is a combination of region-based and edge-based schemes that exploits the multispectral information. Thirdly, different feature extraction and matching method were used to determine the potential of utilizing the sclera and the accompanying vasculature pattern as biometric cues. The three specific matching methods considered in this work were keypoint-based matching, direct correlation matching, and minutiae matching based on blood vessel bifurcations. Fourthly, the potential of designing a bimodal ocular system that combines the sclera biometric with the iris biometric was explored.;Experiments convey the efficacy of the proposed segmentation algorithm in localizing the sclera and the iris. The use of keypoint-based matching was observed to result in the best recognition performance for the scleral patterns. Finally, the possibility of utilizing the scleral patterns in conjunction with the iris for recognizing ocular images exhibiting non-frontal gaze directions was established

    Signal processing algorithms for enhanced image fusion performance and assessment

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    The dissertation presents several signal processing algorithms for image fusion in noisy multimodal conditions. It introduces a novel image fusion method which performs well for image sets heavily corrupted by noise. As opposed to current image fusion schemes, the method has no requirements for a priori knowledge of the noise component. The image is decomposed with Chebyshev polynomials (CP) being used as basis functions to perform fusion at feature level. The properties of CP, namely fast convergence and smooth approximation, renders it ideal for heuristic and indiscriminate denoising fusion tasks. Quantitative evaluation using objective fusion assessment methods show favourable performance of the proposed scheme compared to previous efforts on image fusion, notably in heavily corrupted images. The approach is further improved by incorporating the advantages of CP with a state-of-the-art fusion technique named independent component analysis (ICA), for joint-fusion processing based on region saliency. Whilst CP fusion is robust under severe noise conditions, it is prone to eliminating high frequency information of the images involved, thereby limiting image sharpness. Fusion using ICA, on the other hand, performs well in transferring edges and other salient features of the input images into the composite output. The combination of both methods, coupled with several mathematical morphological operations in an algorithm fusion framework, is considered a viable solution. Again, according to the quantitative metrics the results of our proposed approach are very encouraging as far as joint fusion and denoising are concerned. Another focus of this dissertation is on a novel metric for image fusion evaluation that is based on texture. The conservation of background textural details is considered important in many fusion applications as they help define the image depth and structure, which may prove crucial in many surveillance and remote sensing applications. Our work aims to evaluate the performance of image fusion algorithms based on their ability to retain textural details from the fusion process. This is done by utilising the gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) model to extract second-order statistical features for the derivation of an image textural measure, which is then used to replace the edge-based calculations in an objective-based fusion metric. Performance evaluation on established fusion methods verifies that the proposed metric is viable, especially for multimodal scenarios
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