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Cognition-Based Networks: A New Perspective on Network Optimization Using Learning and Distributed Intelligence
IEEE Access
Volume 3, 2015, Article number 7217798, Pages 1512-1530
Open Access
Cognition-based networks: A new perspective on network optimization using learning and distributed intelligence (Article)
Zorzi, M.a , Zanella, A.a, Testolin, A.b, De Filippo De Grazia, M.b, Zorzi, M.bc
a Department of Information Engineering, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
b Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
c IRCCS San Camillo Foundation, Venice-Lido, Italy
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Abstract
In response to the new challenges in the design and operation of communication networks, and taking inspiration from how living beings deal with complexity and scalability, in this paper we introduce an innovative system concept called COgnition-BAsed NETworkS (COBANETS). The proposed approach develops around the systematic application of advanced machine learning techniques and, in particular, unsupervised deep learning and probabilistic generative models for system-wide learning, modeling, optimization, and data representation. Moreover, in COBANETS, we propose to combine this learning architecture with the emerging network virtualization paradigms, which make it possible to actuate automatic optimization and reconfiguration strategies at the system level, thus fully unleashing the potential of the learning approach. Compared with the past and current research efforts in this area, the technical approach outlined in this paper is deeply interdisciplinary and more comprehensive, calling for the synergic combination of expertise of computer scientists, communications and networking engineers, and cognitive scientists, with the ultimate aim of breaking new ground through a profound rethinking of how the modern understanding of cognition can be used in the management and optimization of telecommunication network
A Survey on Multimedia-Based Cross-Layer Optimization in Visual Sensor Networks
Visual sensor networks (VSNs) comprised of battery-operated electronic devices endowed with low-resolution cameras have expanded the applicability of a series of monitoring applications. Those types of sensors are interconnected by ad hoc error-prone wireless links, imposing stringent restrictions on available bandwidth, end-to-end delay and packet error rates. In such context, multimedia coding is required for data compression and error-resilience, also ensuring energy preservation over the path(s) toward the sink and improving the end-to-end perceptual quality of the received media. Cross-layer optimization may enhance the expected efficiency of VSNs applications, disrupting the conventional information flow of the protocol layers. When the inner characteristics of the multimedia coding techniques are exploited by cross-layer protocols and architectures, higher efficiency may be obtained in visual sensor networks. This paper surveys recent research on multimedia-based cross-layer optimization, presenting the proposed strategies and mechanisms for transmission rate adjustment, congestion control, multipath selection, energy preservation and error recovery. We note that many multimedia-based cross-layer optimization solutions have been proposed in recent years, each one bringing a wealth of contributions to visual sensor networks
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Multimedia delivery in the future internet
The term “Networked Media” implies that all kinds of media including text, image, 3D graphics, audio
and video are produced, distributed, shared, managed and consumed on-line through various networks,
like the Internet, Fiber, WiFi, WiMAX, GPRS, 3G and so on, in a convergent manner [1]. This white
paper is the contribution of the Media Delivery Platform (MDP) cluster and aims to cover the Networked
challenges of the Networked Media in the transition to the Future of the Internet.
Internet has evolved and changed the way we work and live. End users of the Internet have been confronted
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than 100 million users have downloaded at least one (multi)media file and over 47 millions of them do so
regularly, searching in more than 160 Exabytes1 of content. In the near future these numbers are expected
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to more than 990 Exabytes before 2012, fuelled mainly by the users themselves. Moreover, it is envisaged
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way, improving citizens’ quality of life, working conditions, edutainment and safety.
In this evolving environment, new transport protocols, new multimedia encoding schemes, cross-layer inthe
network adaptation, machine-to-machine communication (including RFIDs), rich 3D content as well as
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media, virtual sport groups, on-line gaming, edutainment. In this context, the interaction with content
combined with interactive/multimedia search capabilities across distributed repositories, opportunistic P2P
networks and the dynamic adaptation to the characteristics of diverse mobile terminals are expected to
contribute towards such a vision.
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A Study of Cross Layer Design compare with Layer Design for MANET
Mobile Ad – hoc networks (MANET) are becoming increasingly popular in wireless technology, especially for providing services in disaster area. Mobile users are looking forward to new technologies that allow them to communicate anytime, anywhere, and using any communication device. Mobile ad – hoc networks suffer from several performance limitations, especially related to excessive burden deriving from the layering approach for the TCP / IP protocol stack design. In fact, TCP / IP protocol stack originally designed for wired networks and it is not suitable for wireless and mobile ad hoc networks. In this paper, it focuses on cross layer network design which is especially for wireless and mobile ad hoc networks. The main objective is to how cross layer differ from layered design, cross layer design approaches, challenges of cross layer design and implementation of cross layer design based MANET. And also this article brief the readers an overview of cross layer concept while discussing different cross layer proposals given by researchers
Edge-centric Optimization of Multi-modal ML-driven eHealth Applications
Smart eHealth applications deliver personalized and preventive digital
healthcare services to clients through remote sensing, continuous monitoring,
and data analytics. Smart eHealth applications sense input data from multiple
modalities, transmit the data to edge and/or cloud nodes, and process the data
with compute intensive machine learning (ML) algorithms. Run-time variations
with continuous stream of noisy input data, unreliable network connection,
computational requirements of ML algorithms, and choice of compute placement
among sensor-edge-cloud layers affect the efficiency of ML-driven eHealth
applications. In this chapter, we present edge-centric techniques for optimized
compute placement, exploration of accuracy-performance trade-offs, and
cross-layered sense-compute co-optimization for ML-driven eHealth applications.
We demonstrate the practical use cases of smart eHealth applications in
everyday settings, through a sensor-edge-cloud framework for an objective pain
assessment case study
Edge Impulse: An MLOps Platform for Tiny Machine Learning
Edge Impulse is a cloud-based machine learning operations (MLOps) platform
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fragmented software stacks and heterogeneous deployment hardware, making ML
model optimizations difficult and unportable. We present Edge Impulse, a
practical MLOps platform for developing TinyML systems at scale. Edge Impulse
addresses these challenges and streamlines the TinyML design cycle by
supporting various software and hardware optimizations to create an extensible
and portable software stack for a multitude of embedded systems. As of Oct.
2022, Edge Impulse hosts 118,185 projects from 50,953 developers
Implementation of Compressed Sensing in Telecardiology Sensor Networks
Mobile solutions for patient cardiac monitoring are viewed with growing interest, and improvements on current implementations are frequently reported, with wireless, and in particular, wearable devices promising to achieve ubiquity. However, due to unavoidable power consumption limitations, the amount of data acquired, processed, and transmitted needs to be diminished, which is counterproductive, regarding the quality of the information produced.
Compressed sensing implementation in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) promises to bring gains not only in power savings to the devices, but also with minor impact in signal quality. Several cardiac signals have a sparse representation in some wavelet transformations. The compressed sensing paradigm states that signals can be recovered from a few projections into another basis, incoherent with the first. This paper evaluates the compressed sensing paradigm impact in a cardiac monitoring WSN, discussing the implications in data reliability, energy management, and the improvements accomplished by in-network processing
Energy Efficient Downstream Communication in Wireless Sensor Networks
This dissertation studies the problem of energy efficient downstream communication in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). First, we present the Opportunistic Source Routing (OSR), a scalable, reliable, and energy-efficient downward routing protocol for individual node actuation in data collection WSNs. OSR introduces opportunistic routing into traditional source routing based on the parent set of a node’s upward routing in data collection, significantly addressing the drastic link dynamics in low-power and lossy WSNs. We devise a novel adaptive Bloom filter mechanism to effectively and efficiently encode a downward source-route in OSR, which enables a significant reduction of the length of source-route field in the packet header. OSR is scalable to very large-size WSN deployments, since each resource-constrained node in the network stores only the set of its direct children. The probabilistic nature of the Bloom filter passively explores opportunistic routing. Upon a delivery failure at any hop along the downward path, OSR actively performs opportunistic routing to bypass the obsolete/bad link. The evaluations in both simulations and real-world testbed experiments demonstrate that OSR significantly outperforms the existing approaches in scalability, reliability, and energy efficiency. Secondly, we propose a mobile code dissemination tool for heterogeneous WSN deployments operating on low power links. The evaluation in lab experiment and a real world WSN testbed shows how our tool reduces the laborious work to reprogram nodes for updating the application. Finally, we present an empirical study of the network dynamics of an out-door heterogeneous WSN deployment and devise a benchmark data suite. The network dynamics analysis includes link level characteristics, topological characteristics, and temporal characteristics. The unique features of the benchmark data suite include the full path information and our approach to fill the missing paths based on the principle of the routing protocol
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