1,058 research outputs found

    A Study of the color management implementation on the RGB-based digital imaging workflow: digital camera to RGB printers

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    An RGB (red, green, and blue color information) workflow is used in digital photography today because a lot of the devices digital cameras, scanners, monitors, image recorders (LVT or Light Value Technology), and some types of printers are based on RGB color information. In addition, rapidly growing new media such as the Internet and CD-ROM (Compact Disc-Read-Only Memory) publishing use an RGB -based monitor as the output device. Because color is device-dependent, each device has a different method of representing color information. Each has a different range of color they can reproduce. Most of the time, the range of color, color gamut, that devices can produce is smaller than that of the original capturing device. As a result, a color image reproduction does not match accurately with its original. Therefore, in typical color image reproduction, the task of matching a color image reproduction with its original is a significant problem that operators must overcome to achieve good quality color image reproduction. Generally, there are two approaches to conquer these problems. The first method is trial-and-error in the legacy-based system. This method is effective in a pair-wise working environment and highly depended on a skill operator. The second method is the ICC-based (ICC or International Color Consortium) color management system (CMS) which is more practical in the multiple devices working environment. Using the right method leads to the higher efficiency of a digital photography produc tion. Therefore, the purpose of this thesis project is to verify that ICC-based CMS with an RGB workflow has higher efficiency (better utilized of resource and capacity) than a legacy-based traditional color reproduction workflow. In this study, the RGB workflows from digital cameras to RGB digital printers were used because of the increasing num ber of digital camera users and the advantages of using an RGB workflow in digital pho tography. There were two experimental image reproduction workflows the legacy-based system and the ICC-based color management system. Both of them used the same raw RGB images that were captured from digital cameras as their input files. The color images were modified with two different color matching methods according to each workflow. Then, they were printed out to two RGB digital printers. Twenty observers were asked to evaluate the picture quality as well as the reproduction quality. The results demonstrated that the two workflows had the ability to produce an accept able picture quality reproduction. For reproduction quality aspect, the reproductions of the ICC-based CMS workflow had higher reproduction quality than the legacy-based workflow. In addition, when the time usage of the workflow was taken into account, it showed that the ICC-based CMS had higher efficiency than the legacy-based system. However, many times, image production jobs do not start with optimum quality raw images as in this study; for example, they are under/over exposure or have some defects. These images need some retouching work or fine adjustment to improve their quality. In these cases, the ICC-based CMS with skilled operators can be implemented to these types of production in order to achieve the high efficiency workflow

    Expanding Dimensionality in Cinema Color: Impacting Observer Metamerism through Multiprimary Display

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    Television and cinema display are both trending towards greater ranges and saturation of reproduced colors made possible by near-monochromatic RGB illumination technologies. Through current broadcast and digital cinema standards work, system designs employing laser light sources, narrow-band LED, quantum dots and others are being actively endorsed in promotion of Wide Color Gamut (WCG). Despite artistic benefits brought to creative content producers, spectrally selective excitations of naturally different human color response functions exacerbate variability of observer experience. An exaggerated variation in color-sensing is explicitly counter to the exhaustive controls and calibrations employed in modern motion picture pipelines. Further, singular standard observer summaries of human color vision such as found in the CIE’s 1931 and 1964 color matching functions and used extensively in motion picture color management are deficient in recognizing expected human vision variability. Many researchers have confirmed the magnitude of observer metamerism in color matching in both uniform colors and imagery but few have shown explicit color management with an aim of minimized difference in observer perception variability. This research shows that not only can observer metamerism influences be quantitatively predicted and confirmed psychophysically but that intentionally engineered multiprimary displays employing more than three primaries can offer increased color gamut with drastically improved consistency of experience. To this end, a seven-channel prototype display has been constructed based on observer metamerism models and color difference indices derived from the latest color vision demographic research. This display has been further proven in forced-choice paired comparison tests to deliver superior color matching to reference stimuli versus both contemporary standard RGB cinema projection and recently ratified standard laser projection across a large population of color-normal observers

    Digital images forever: implementing an imaging system in a cultural institution

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    This paper deals with the decision-making and challenges that arose out of the implementation of a large-scale digital imaging project by the Powerhouse Museum. With the implementation of the Powerhouse's Imaging Project came the creation of its Image Centre. This paper discusses its role, the services provided, preparation of its equipment and the procedures developed for capturing, storing and retrieving images. Most importantly, the issues of technological change upon an image archive are discussed. The Powerhouse Museum's Imaging System, as it stands today, does what was intended. It delivers images and related data to staff and public for the purposes of research, promotion, education and more. The Museum's Image Centre was set up to scan, manipulate, print and archive images. This Centre has evolved into a high-resolution digital imaging service and continues to create and upload images to the Imaging System. However, without a plan for constant review and update, even archives of beautifully scanned images and comprehensive data are worthless if those archives cannot be reused because the mechanisms for accessing the media - or the applications that they run on, have become obsolete. The Museum's next step, therefore, is a policy for regular re-evaluation.Hosted by the Scholarly Text and Imaging Service (SETIS), the University of Sydney Library, and the Research Institute for Humanities and Social Sciences (RIHSS), the University of Sydney

    Digital images forever: implementing an imaging system in a cultural institution

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    This paper deals with the decision-making and challenges that arose out of the implementation of a large-scale digital imaging project by the Powerhouse Museum. With the implementation of the Powerhouse's Imaging Project came the creation of its Image Centre. This paper discusses its role, the services provided, preparation of its equipment and the procedures developed for capturing, storing and retrieving images. Most importantly, the issues of technological change upon an image archive are discussed. The Powerhouse Museum's Imaging System, as it stands today, does what was intended. It delivers images and related data to staff and public for the purposes of research, promotion, education and more. The Museum's Image Centre was set up to scan, manipulate, print and archive images. This Centre has evolved into a high-resolution digital imaging service and continues to create and upload images to the Imaging System. However, without a plan for constant review and update, even archives of beautifully scanned images and comprehensive data are worthless if those archives cannot be reused because the mechanisms for accessing the media - or the applications that they run on, have become obsolete. The Museum's next step, therefore, is a policy for regular re-evaluation.Hosted by the Scholarly Text and Imaging Service (SETIS), the University of Sydney Library, and the Research Institute for Humanities and Social Sciences (RIHSS), the University of Sydney

    Earth resources technology satellite. Volume 14 - Ground data handling system design

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    NASA Ground Data Handling system design for ERT

    Digital Image Access & Retrieval

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    The 33th Annual Clinic on Library Applications of Data Processing, held at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign in March of 1996, addressed the theme of "Digital Image Access & Retrieval." The papers from this conference cover a wide range of topics concerning digital imaging technology for visual resource collections. Papers covered three general areas: (1) systems, planning, and implementation; (2) automatic and semi-automatic indexing; and (3) preservation with the bulk of the conference focusing on indexing and retrieval.published or submitted for publicatio

    Towards the Control of Electrophotographic-based 3-Dimensional Printing: Image-Based Sensing and Modeling of Surface Defects

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    Electro-Photography (EP) has been used for decades for fast, cheap, and reliable printing in offices and homes around the world. It has been shown that extending the use of EP for 3D printing is feasible; multiple layered prints are already commercially available (color laser printers) but only for a very limited number of layers. Many of the advantages of laser printing make EP 3D printing desirable including: speed, reliability, selective coloring, ability to print a thermoplastic, possibilities for multi-material printing, ability to print materials not amenable to liquid ink formulations. However, many challenges remain before EP-based 3D printing can be commercially viable. A limiting factor in using the same system architecture as a traditional laser printer is that as the thickness of the part increases, material deposition becomes more difficult with each layer since the increased thickness reduces the field strength. Different system configurations have been proposed where the layer is printed on intermediate stations and are subsequently transferred to the work piece. Layer registration and uniform transfer from the intermediate station become crucial factors in this architecture. At the Print Research and Imaging Systems Modeling (PRISM) Lab preliminary tests have confirmed the feasibility of using EP for Additive Manufacturing (AM). However, similar issues were encountered to those reported in literature as the number of layers increased, resulting in non-uniform brittle 3D structures. The defects were present but not obvious at each layer, and as the part built up, the defects add up and became more obvious. The process, as in many printers, did not include a control system for the ultimate system output (print), and the actuation method (electrostatic charge) is not entirely well characterized or sensed to be used in a control system. This research intends to help the development of a model and an image-based sensing system that can be used for control of material deposition defects for an EP 3D printing process. This research leverages from the expertise at RIT and the Rochester area in Printing, Electrophotography, Rapid Prototyping, Control, and Imaging Sciences

    Naval Reserve support to information Operations Warfighting

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    Since the mid-1990s, the Fleet Information Warfare Center (FIWC) has led the Navy's Information Operations (IO) support to the Fleet. Within the FIWC manning structure, there are in total 36 officer and 84 enlisted Naval Reserve billets that are manned to approximately 75 percent and located in Norfolk and San Diego Naval Reserve Centers. These Naval Reserve Force personnel could provide support to FIWC far and above what they are now contributing specifically in the areas of Computer Network Operations, Psychological Operations, Military Deception and Civil Affairs. Historically personnel conducting IO were primarily reservists and civilians in uniform with regular military officers being by far the minority. The Naval Reserve Force has the personnel to provide skilled IO operators but the lack of an effective manning document and training plans is hindering their opportunity to enhance FIWC's capabilities in lull spectrum IO. This research investigates the skill requirements of personnel in IO to verify that the Naval Reserve Force has the talent base for IO support and the feasibility of their expanded use in IO.http://archive.org/details/navalreservesupp109451098

    Using color management to automate the color reproduction of 3-D images procured via a digital camera/3-D scanner

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    The use of digital photography is migrating from the major applications in pho tojournalism to professional studio photography. Traditional service bureaus such as professional photo labs and prepress trade shops are adding digital imaging services to their film-based services. Also, businesses such as advertising agencies and publishers, who traditionally outsource work to service bureaus, are bringing digital imaging services in-house. State of the art imaging technology empowers users with new tools, but does not guarantee that the task of generating accept able image reproductions will be easier. The basic problem in the desktop color prepress environment is that each com ponent in this open system handles color differently. Miscommunication between devices results in user frustration with an unpredictable, inconsistent, and inaccurate color system. The solution to this problem is to assess one\u27s workflow and adopt a color management system (CMS). The purpose of CMSs is to help users maintain color integrity throughout their desktop system and to automate the color separation process. This thesis project investigated the possibility of applying a comprehensive CMS to automate the color reproduction of 3-D images procured with a digital camera. Automatic exposure by Leaf System\u27s Lumina digital camera and automatic adjustments for tone reproduction, gray balance, and color correction by Kodak\u27s PCS100 CMS were employed. The experimental design began with the calibration of each component in the imaging chain. Next, a three-dimensional test scene of objects displaying tone and color variety was digitized by the Lumina camera under specific studio lighting conditions. And, under the exact studio conditions, a Kodak Q-60 test target was digitized; this image file was used to characterize a device profile for the Lumina digital camera. The digitized 3-D test scene file was sent through a color-managed workflow for automatic color reproduction. IX The automated, color-managed reproduction process was as follows: 1) select monitor, input, effect, and output profiles in the PCS100 Color Manager 2) acquire image via Photoshop on a Macintosh 3) image color conversion with Kodak\u27s PCS100 plug-ins by applying custom input profile, output simulation profile, and 3M Matchprint output profile 4) film output via Agfa Selectset 5000, and 5) 3M Matchprint color proofing to SWOP (Specifications for Web Offset Printing). Subjective evaluation was based on the single stimulus method. Visual assess ments were performed by twenty color-tested judges with experience in printing or photography. A set of ten color proofs of identical image were individually evaluated for acceptability. The criteria for acceptable color reproduction includ ed tone reproduction, gray balance, and color correction. Proofs that received high average scores (\u3e80%) were determined acceptable. Analysis of the results determined that with proper calibration and CMS color conversion technology, one can deliver acceptable tone reproduction and pleasing color. Gray balance was determined unacceptable for all proofs based solely on a perceived yellowish-green cast in the MacBeth ColorChecker\u27s three-quarter tone patch. Excluding the gray balance factor, four proofs were determined acceptable for tone and color reproduction. Objective evaluation was made to further assess the color accuracy from original to acceptable proof, and to correlate colorimetric differences with the visual assessments. Quantitative assessment was based on colorimetric CIEL*a*b* mea surements and calculated color differences (AE, AL*, AC*, AHab*) of MacBeth color patches and 3-D objects. Objects in the original scene and corresponding image areas in the proofs were measured in order to study variations in hue, light ness, and saturation. Analysis of the results demonstrated that overall, the images in the proof were lighter, less saturated, and had small hue shifts compared to the original. The proofed image would probably be a poor match to the original in terms of objective color accuracy. But for this thesis project, color proof accept ability was determined by the subjective, visual evaluations

    Guidance for benthic habitat mapping: an aerial photographic approach

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    This document, Guidance for Benthic Habitat Mapping: An Aerial Photographic Approach, describes proven technology that can be applied in an operational manner by state-level scientists and resource managers. This information is based on the experience gained by NOAA Coastal Services Center staff and state-level cooperators in the production of a series of benthic habitat data sets in Delaware, Florida, Maine, Massachusetts, New York, Rhode Island, the Virgin Islands, and Washington, as well as during Center-sponsored workshops on coral remote sensing and seagrass and aquatic habitat assessment. (PDF contains 39 pages) The original benthic habitat document, NOAA Coastal Change Analysis Program (C-CAP): Guidance for Regional Implementation (Dobson et al.), was published by the Department of Commerce in 1995. That document summarized procedures that were to be used by scientists throughout the United States to develop consistent and reliable coastal land cover and benthic habitat information. Advances in technology and new methodologies for generating these data created the need for this updated report, which builds upon the foundation of its predecessor
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