Guidance for benthic habitat mapping: an aerial photographic approach

This document, Guidance for Benthic Habitat Mapping: An Aerial Photographic Approach, describes proven technology that can be applied in an operational manner by state-level scientists and resource managers. This information is based on the experience gained by NOAA Coastal Services Center staff and state-level cooperators in the production of a series of benthic habitat data sets in Delaware, Florida, Maine, Massachusetts, New York, Rhode Island, the Virgin Islands, and Washington, as well as during Center-sponsored workshops on coral remote sensing and seagrass and aquatic habitat assessment. (PDF contains 39 pages) The original benthic habitat document, NOAA Coastal Change Analysis Program (C-CAP): Guidance for Regional Implementation (Dobson et al.), was published by the Department of Commerce in 1995. That document summarized procedures that were to be used by scientists throughout the United States to develop consistent and reliable coastal land cover and benthic habitat information. Advances in technology and new methodologies for generating these data created the need for this updated report, which builds upon the foundation of its predecessor

A study of the subjective differences between soft-copy and hard-copy proofing

The widespread use of Cathode Ray Tubes (CTRs) as soft-copy proofing devices in electronic imaging situations has raised serious questions as to their relevance, the appropriate viewing conditions and the necessary design, color and tone characteristics of the color monitors. Proofs are used at many different stages in the print production process. Each stage has different requirements in terms of color acceptance, detail, sharpness, composition and portability. At each level of the approval cycle various measuring devices are used to qualify acceptability. This thesis deals with every-day use and problems of soft-copy proofing. An electronic test pattern was displayed on a color monitor while the same test pattern in hard-copy proof form was displayed under industry standard 5000 degree Kelvin lighting. Fifty printing industry users of these proofing methods, comprising art directors, buyers, quality assurance representatives and electronic pagination users, evaluated the two proofs using the most common method of measurement visual assessment and completed a written questionnaire. This survey covered color and hue variations, detail, sharpness, design, size and portability descrepancies as they related to a soft-copy proof used as a design comprehensive, initial color approval, intermediate proof and/or the final proof. In general, the fifty industry decision makers found the soft copy proof to be acceptable for all the variables listed above when used as design comp, initial color and /or intermediate proof but rejected it in all cases when used as the final proof. The results of this study will enable monitor manufacturers, electronic pagination suppliers and users to better understand how soft-copy and hard-copy proofing differ, what the weaknesses are of each, and which areas are most objectionable. By having industry experts weigh the key differences and similarities between the new and the old proofing methods and by judging the shortcomings and the constraints of each, the soft-copy manufacturers will be able to better rank priorities in improving this developing science, and thus better meet the needs of the people they are serving

Applications of optical processing for improving ERTS data, volume 1

Application of optically diagnosed noise information toward development of filtering subroutines for improvement of digital sensing data tape quality - Vol.

LANDSAT 3 return beam vidicon response artifacts: A report on RBV photographic product characteristics and quality coding system

Analysis of large volumes of LANDSAT 3 RBV digital data that were converted to photographic form led to the firm identification of several visible artifacts (objects or structures not normally present, but producted by an external agency or action) in the imagery. These artifacts were identified, categorized, and traced directly to specific sensor response characteristics. None of these artifacts is easily removed and all cases remain under active study of possible future enhancement. The seven generic categories of sensor response artifacts identified to date include: (1) shading and stairsteps; (2) corners out of focus; (3) missing reseaus; (4) reseau distortion and data distortion; (5) black vertical line; (6) grain effect; and (7) faceplate contamination. An additional category under study, but not yet determined to be caused by sensor response, is a geometric anomaly. Examples of affected imagery are presented to assist in distinguishing between image content and innate defects caused by the sensor system

Improving medical image perception by hierarchical clustering based segmentation

It has been well documented that radiologists' performance is not perfect: they make both false positive and false negative decisions. For example, approximately thirty percent of early lung cancer is missed on chest radiographs when the evidence is clearly visible in retrospect. Currently computer-aided detection (CAD) uses software, designed to reduce errors by drawing radiologists' attention to possible abnormalities by placing prompts on images. Alberdi et al examined the effects of CAD prompts on performance, comparing the negative effect of no prompt on a cancer case with prompts on a normal case. They showed that no prompt on a cancer case can have a detrimental effect on reader sensitivity and that the reader performs worse than if the reader was not using CAD. This became particularly apparent when difficult cases were being read. They suggested that the readers were using CAD as a decision making tool instead of a prompting aid. They conclude that "incorrect CAD can have a detrimental effect on human decisions". The goal of this paper is to explore the possibility of using hierarchical clustering based segmentation (HSC), as a perceptual aid, to improve the performance of the reader

Focal Spot, Fall/Winter 1996

https://digitalcommons.wustl.edu/focal_spot_archives/1071/thumbnail.jp

QualIM®: a software for training in the reading of digital medical images

OBJECTIVE: A software called QualIM® - Qualificação de Imagens Médicas was developed for training of practitioners in the interpretation of digital mammograms classified according to BI-RADS® categories, utilizing images manipulation tools on state-of-the-art displays. MATERIALS ANDMETHODS: A Delphi 7-based system stores data resulting from mammographic findings interpretation during the training, comparing them with a golden-standard data set. The database includes computed radiography, direct radiography and digitized images. The software converts computed radiography and direct radiography images into TIFF format, preserving their original spatial and contrast resolution. During the training, the images are manipulated with the aid of the software tools (zoom, inversion, digital rulers and others). Depending on the image complexity, up to eight mammographic views, six ultrasonography images and two anatomopathological images can be displayed. RESULTS: The training was initiated in 2007 and is currently included in the radiology residency program. Based on data entered by the practitioner, the software automatically generates a BI-RADS compliant text that is compared with a database. CONCLUSION: The QualIM software is a digital educational tool aimed at assisting practitioners in the recognition of visual patterns on mammographic images as well as in the interpretation of mammograms based on the BI-RADS classification.OBJETIVO: Foi desenvolvido um software denominado QualIM® - Qualificação de Imagens Médicas para treinamento de profissionais na interpretação de exames digitais de mamografias utilizando ferramentas de manipulação de imagens, em monitores específicos, classificadas em BI-RADS®. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: O sistema, desenvolvido em Delphi 7, armazena as respostas da interpretação de imagens mamográficas durante o treinamento e compara aos dados inseridos denominados padrão-ouro. O sistema contém imagens de computed radiography, direct radiography e digitalizadas. O software converte as imagens do computed radiography e direct radiography para o formato TIFF, mantendo as resoluções espacial e de contraste originais. Profissionais em treinamento manipulam o realce da imagem utilizando ferramentas de software (zoom, inversão, réguas digitais, outras). Dependendo da complexidade, são apresentadas até oito incidências mamográficas, seis imagens de ultra-som e duas de anatomopatológico. RESULTADOS: O treinamento iniciou em 2007 e atualmente faz parte do programa de residência em radiologia. O software compõe o texto, de forma automática, das informações inseridas pelo profissional, baseado nas categorias BI-RADS, e compara com a base de dados. CONCLUSÃO: O software QualIM é uma ferramenta digital de ensino que auxilia profissionais no reconhecimento de padrões visuais de uma imagem mamográfica, bem como na interpretação de exames mamográficos, utilizando a classificação BI-RADS.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de Medicina Departamento de Diagnóstico por ImagemUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de MedicinaUNIFESP, EPM, Depto. de Diagnóstico por ImagemUNIFESP, EPMSciEL

A document-like software visualization method for effective cognition of c-based software systems

It is clear that maintenance is a crucial and very costly process in a software life cycle. Nowadays there are a lot of software systems particularly legacy systems that are always maintained from time to time as new requirements arise. One important source to understand a software system before it is being maintained is through the documentation, particularly system documentation. Unfortunately, not all software systems developed or maintained are accompanied with their reliable and updated documents. In this case, source codes will be the only reliable source for programmers. A number of studies have been carried out in order to assist cognition based on source codes. One way is through tool automation via reverse engineering technique in which source codes will be parsed and the information extracted will be visualized using certain visualization methods. Most software visualization methods use graph as the main element to represent extracted software artifacts. Nevertheless, current methods tend to produce more complicated graphs and do not grant an explicit, document-like re-documentation environment. Hence, this thesis proposes a document-like software visualization method called DocLike Modularized Graph (DMG). The method is realized in a prototype tool named DocLike Viewer that targets on C-based software systems. The main contribution of the DMG method is to provide an explicit structural re-document mechanism in the software visualization tool. Besides, the DMG method provides more level of information abstractions via less complex graph that include inter-module dependencies, inter-program dependencies, procedural abstraction and also parameter passing. The DMG method was empirically evaluated based on the Goal/Question/Metric (GQM) paradigm and the findings depict that the method can improve productivity and quality in the aspect of cognition or program comprehension. A usability study was also conducted and DocLike Viewer had the most positive responses from the software practitioners