3,920 research outputs found

    Displacement and the Humanities: Manifestos from the Ancient to the Present

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    This is the final version. Available on open access from MDPI via the DOI in this recordThis is a reprint of articles from the Special Issue published online in the open access journal Humanities (ISSN 2076-0787) (available at: https://www.mdpi.com/journal/humanities/special_issues/Manifestos Ancient Present)This volume brings together the work of practitioners, communities, artists and other researchers from multiple disciplines. Seeking to provoke a discourse around displacement within and beyond the field of Humanities, it positions historical cases and debates, some reaching into the ancient past, within diverse geo-chronological contexts and current world urgencies. In adopting an innovative dialogic structure, between practitioners on the ground - from architects and urban planners to artists - and academics working across subject areas, the volume is a proposition to: remap priorities for current research agendas; open up disciplines, critically analysing their approaches; address the socio-political responsibilities that we have as scholars and practitioners; and provide an alternative site of discourse for contemporary concerns about displacement. Ultimately, this volume aims to provoke future work and collaborations - hence, manifestos - not only in the historical and literary fields, but wider research concerned with human mobility and the challenges confronting people who are out of place of rights, protection and belonging

    Multidisciplinary perspectives on Artificial Intelligence and the law

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    This open access book presents an interdisciplinary, multi-authored, edited collection of chapters on Artificial Intelligence (‘AI’) and the Law. AI technology has come to play a central role in the modern data economy. Through a combination of increased computing power, the growing availability of data and the advancement of algorithms, AI has now become an umbrella term for some of the most transformational technological breakthroughs of this age. The importance of AI stems from both the opportunities that it offers and the challenges that it entails. While AI applications hold the promise of economic growth and efficiency gains, they also create significant risks and uncertainty. The potential and perils of AI have thus come to dominate modern discussions of technology and ethics – and although AI was initially allowed to largely develop without guidelines or rules, few would deny that the law is set to play a fundamental role in shaping the future of AI. As the debate over AI is far from over, the need for rigorous analysis has never been greater. This book thus brings together contributors from different fields and backgrounds to explore how the law might provide answers to some of the most pressing questions raised by AI. An outcome of the Católica Research Centre for the Future of Law and its interdisciplinary working group on Law and Artificial Intelligence, it includes contributions by leading scholars in the fields of technology, ethics and the law.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

    Climate Change and Critical Agrarian Studies

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    Climate change is perhaps the greatest threat to humanity today and plays out as a cruel engine of myriad forms of injustice, violence and destruction. The effects of climate change from human-made emissions of greenhouse gases are devastating and accelerating; yet are uncertain and uneven both in terms of geography and socio-economic impacts. Emerging from the dynamics of capitalism since the industrial revolution — as well as industrialisation under state-led socialism — the consequences of climate change are especially profound for the countryside and its inhabitants. The book interrogates the narratives and strategies that frame climate change and examines the institutionalised responses in agrarian settings, highlighting what exclusions and inclusions result. It explores how different people — in relation to class and other co-constituted axes of social difference such as gender, race, ethnicity, age and occupation — are affected by climate change, as well as the climate adaptation and mitigation responses being implemented in rural areas. The book in turn explores how climate change – and the responses to it - affect processes of social differentiation, trajectories of accumulation and in turn agrarian politics. Finally, the book examines what strategies are required to confront climate change, and the underlying political-economic dynamics that cause it, reflecting on what this means for agrarian struggles across the world. The 26 chapters in this volume explore how the relationship between capitalism and climate change plays out in the rural world and, in particular, the way agrarian struggles connect with the huge challenge of climate change. Through a huge variety of case studies alongside more conceptual chapters, the book makes the often-missing connection between climate change and critical agrarian studies. The book argues that making the connection between climate and agrarian justice is crucial

    Self-Overestimation in Early Childhood and Beyond

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    Experts have argued that young children are generally overconfident in their abilities, understanding, and knowledge. However, many questions about self-overestimation in childhood remain unanswered. This dissertation aims to yield an in-depth understanding of children's self-overestimation by testing its variation across tasks, age, culture, and historical time, as well as its psychological underpinnings. This dissertation reports on both primary research (i.e., two studies involving data from four samples), and secondary research (i.e., a meta-analytic review involving data from 39 publications of empirical studies). For each of these studies, biases in children's self-estimates were examined in a task-specific context by comparing differences between children’s subjective, prospective self-estimates and corresponding objective measures of actual performance. Specifically, two empirical studies employed an adapted prediction-performance paradigm to assess self-estimation of four- and five-year old children, applied in both a ball-throwing task and a picture-remembering task. For the ball throwing task, children marked their estimates of performance by placing a flag where they thought their (or another child’s) ball would land; and for the memory task, children left blank cards to mark their estimates of how many pictures they (or another child) would recall correctly. In addition, the empirical studies used a multiple-trial design yieding multiple measures of both children’s estimated and actual performance, to explore to what extent children learn from task experience and feedback. In one of the empirical studies (reported in Chapter 3), we employed experimental research methods to obtain causal evidence on the psychological process that accounts for why children overestimate themselves. We found that children overestimate their task performance, and they do so to a similar degree for different types of tasks. Such self-overestimation is not a uniquely Western phenomenon: Dutch and Chinese children tended to show similar levels of self-overestimation. That said, we also found some cultural differences, in that Dutch children tended to be tenacious in their self-overestimation, while Chinese children were more inclined to realistically adjust their self-overestimation if the situation called for it. Younger children overestimated their task performance more than older children, and recent generations of children showed greater self-overestimation than previous generations. Our findings suggest that children’s self-overestimation is rooted in both (meta)cognitive and motivational factors. Cognitively, children are not always effective in incorporating performance-related information in their performance estimates; and motivationally, children’s performance estimates are sometimes colored by a desire for good performance. Acknowledging self-overestimation as a common bias in children's self-representations offers valuable insight for parents, educators, and other professionals working with children. The finding that young children’s self-overestimation is pervasive, and generalizes across tasks and cultures, may suggest there is no reason for undue concern when self-overestimation is observed in an individual child. Theory suggests that self-overestimation in early childhood may be adaptive and benefit children’s potential for learning, but empirical evidence is virtually non-existent. Future research could examine the consequences of children's self-overestimation across various ages, to test the possibility that it is specifically young children who benefit from overestimating themselves

    Current issues of the management of socio-economic systems in terms of globalization challenges

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    The authors of the scientific monograph have come to the conclusion that the management of socio-economic systems in the terms of global challenges requires the use of mechanisms to ensure security, optimise the use of resource potential, increase competitiveness, and provide state support to economic entities. Basic research focuses on assessment of economic entities in the terms of global challenges, analysis of the financial system, migration flows, logistics and product exports, territorial development. The research results have been implemented in the different decision-making models in the context of global challenges, strategic planning, financial and food security, education management, information technology and innovation. The results of the study can be used in the developing of directions, programmes and strategies for sustainable development of economic entities and regions, increasing the competitiveness of products and services, decision-making at the level of ministries and agencies that regulate the processes of managing socio-economic systems. The results can also be used by students and young scientists in the educational process and conducting scientific research on the management of socio-economic systems in the terms of global challenges

    Artificial Intelligence and International Conflict in Cyberspace

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    This edited volume explores how artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming international conflict in cyberspace. Over the past three decades, cyberspace developed into a crucial frontier and issue of international conflict. However, scholarly work on the relationship between AI and conflict in cyberspace has been produced along somewhat rigid disciplinary boundaries and an even more rigid sociotechnical divide – wherein technical and social scholarship are seldomly brought into a conversation. This is the first volume to address these themes through a comprehensive and cross-disciplinary approach. With the intent of exploring the question ‘what is at stake with the use of automation in international conflict in cyberspace through AI?’, the chapters in the volume focus on three broad themes, namely: (1) technical and operational, (2) strategic and geopolitical and (3) normative and legal. These also constitute the three parts in which the chapters of this volume are organised, although these thematic sections should not be considered as an analytical or a disciplinary demarcation
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