654 research outputs found
14-02 Developing Public Health Performance Measures to Capture the Effects of Transportation Facilities on Multiple Public Health Outcomes
Increasingly, federal transportation and public health agencies are working together to identify transportation investments that improve public health. Investments in transportation infrastructure represent one method to utilize transportation to improve public health outcomes. The ideal transportation investment is one that not only provides safe access for pedestrians, bicyclists, motorists and transit riders, but it also promotes more utilitarian or recreational trips for walking and biking in an environment of safe air quality. However, public health objectives can be at conflict when designing transportation infrastructure to support active commuting. For example, infrastructure investments may be made that promote physical activity through utilitarian commuting, yet at the same time, the investment may be made in an area that is characterized by poor air quality or creates an unsafe condition. The purpose of the research is to identify potential performance measures that can foster improved decision making around these investments. The key research contribution is the development of performance measures that can be used in the field to evaluate multiple public health concerns and improve decision making. Secondly, it advances strategies to effectively capture the dimension of safety and physical activity in a manner that considers the conditions under which pedestrian and bicycling activity is likely to increase. The objectives of the project are accomplished through the use and integration of multiple methods, including student-based project learning, expert surveys, content analysis and quantitative statistical techniques
Regional Data Archiving and Management for Northeast Illinois
This project studies the feasibility and implementation options for establishing a regional data archiving system to help monitor
and manage traffic operations and planning for the northeastern Illinois region. It aims to provide a clear guidance to the
regional transportation agencies, from both technical and business perspectives, about building such a comprehensive
transportation information system. Several implementation alternatives are identified and analyzed. This research is carried
out in three phases.
In the first phase, existing documents related to ITS deployments in the broader Chicago area are summarized, and a
thorough review is conducted of similar systems across the country. Various stakeholders are interviewed to collect
information on all data elements that they store, including the format, system, and granularity. Their perception of a data
archive system, such as potential benefits and costs, is also surveyed. In the second phase, a conceptual design of the
database is developed. This conceptual design includes system architecture, functional modules, user interfaces, and
examples of usage. In the last phase, the possible business models for the archive system to sustain itself are reviewed. We
estimate initial capital and recurring operational/maintenance costs for the system based on realistic information on the
hardware, software, labor, and resource requirements. We also identify possible revenue opportunities.
A few implementation options for the archive system are summarized in this report; namely:
1. System hosted by a partnering agency
2. System contracted to a university
3. System contracted to a national laboratory
4. System outsourced to a service provider
The costs, advantages and disadvantages for each of these recommended options are also provided.ICT-R27-22published or submitted for publicationis peer reviewe
Transport Access Manual: A Guide for Measuring Connection between People and Places
This Manual is a guide for quantifying and evaluating access for anybody interested in truly understanding how to measure the performance of transport and land use configurations. It contains enough to help transport and planning professionals achieve a more comprehensive look at their city or region than traditional transport analysis allows. It provides a point of entry for interested members of the public as well as practitioners by being organized in a logical and straightforward way
Recommended from our members
Cross-Cutting Studies and State-of-the-Practice Reviews: Archive and Use of ITS-Generated Data
Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) provide and use information about transportation conditions to improve system performance in such areas as safety, mobility, efficiency and environmental impacts. Typically, ITS generates massive amounts of data about the state of travel that are used primarily by transportation authorities to effectively operate and manage their transportation systems, and by private individuals and industry to manage trips. These primary uses provide short-term, real-time information regarding the transportation systems current conditions and driver and passenger choices. A broad spectrum of stakeholders could benefit from ITS-generated data to meet their data needs in planning, operations and maintenance, administration, training, modeling, simulations, and development of control strategies. In the context of ADUS, the term ''ITS-generated data'' refers to those data generated by ITS that are primarily used ''in managing system operations and providing information on system conditions and choices to the public.'' Specifically, ADUS refers to data generated from any one of the nine components that make up the ITS infrastructure: (1) freeway management, (2) incident management, (3) arterial management, (4) electronic fare payment, (5) electronic toll collection, (6) transit management, (7) highway-rail intersections, (8) emergency management, and (9) regional multimodal traveler information. The overall objectives of this project are to provide information and reports that can: (1) Provide awareness and education for associated ITS and non-ITS related partners, users, and customers regarding real and potential improvements in transportation decisions through: the use of archived ITS-generated data, the integration of ITS-generated and non-ITS data and data systems, and the sharing of archived ITS-generated data with other potential users. (2) Be used to develop future Technical and Institutional Synthesis Studies outlined in Wave II of the ''ITS Data Archiving Five-Year Program Description''. In particular, this project assesses the state-of-the-practice, identifies technological and institutional barriers and opportunities, and provides real-world examples of existing practices where ITS-generated data are archived and used for planning purposes. The assessments and analysis will be centered on four major ADUS applications: Operations and Maintenance, Planning, Highway Safety, and Transit
From cityรขโฌโขs station to station city: An integrative spatial approach to the (re)development of station areas
Since its origin, the railway station has had a complicated relationship with the city, demanding periodical updates, particularly regarding spatial issues. With the aim of improving the liveability of station areas, current redevelopment projects are reconceptualising them as balanced transport รขโฌหnodesรขโฌโข and รขโฌหplacesรขโฌโข in the city. However, the proposed spatial solutions do not fully support the sought after economic, social and environmental performances. These intentions continue to be predominantly bounded with the (abstract) planological level, not finding appropriate translation at the (concrete) spatial design level. Further, the interdisciplinary nature of the highly complex planning and design processes of station areas, which should contribute to enhance the performance of their spaces, reinforces constraints and relegates architecture to a marginal role in this quest. It is thus necessary to understand how architecture can contribute to the improvement of the spatial performance of contemporary stations areas, supporting their current reconceptualization.
To gain this understanding, the research explored the factors which influence the spatial definition and performance of European High Speed Train station areas, using รขโฌลdesign researchรขโฌ and รขโฌลresearch by designรขโฌ. Via a theoretical integrative framework, synthesized from knowledge developed by architecture and other sciences, case studies of รขโฌหthroughรขโฌโข stations were analysed and compared. Six cases, encapsulating the most recurrent relative positions of the railway (infrastructure and the station building) towards the(ir) direct built environment, were chosen out of a large sample. For each category (cases with railway tracks at (a) ground level, (b) elevated level and (c) underground level), two cases, featuring an adapted station building and a newly built one, were studied. Their physical and functional characteristics were mapped at several scales and moments (in history), as well as redesigned. A variety of positive and negative approaches and solutions to the problem were identified.
The research is rounded up with a set of รขโฌหdesign recommendationsรขโฌโข meant to improve the performance of station area spaces, based on the results of the (graphical) analyses and the redesign exercises. In general, to attain such performance the (physical and functional) integration of the public spaces of the station and of its surroundings, along with the specific (spatial) characteristics of the city they are located in, are crucial. The desirable concentration of transport and non-transport functions must be clearly organized in space, dismantling barriers to their accessibility. To operationalize such integration in all categories of cases, architecture must go beyond its traditional scope regarding intervention scale and methodology. This requires a structural change to the station areaรขโฌโขs design task, which should be organized around spatial goals commonly subscribed by all stakeholders, and in which architecture should have a central role. Such renovated awareness on the approach to the redevelopment of station areas is necessary for the improvement of their spatial performance. In this way the รขโฌหcityรขโฌโขs stationรขโฌโข can become a รขโฌหstation cityรขโฌโข which enhances the cityรขโฌโขs liveability, instead of draining it out
Geographic Citizen Science Design: No one left behind
Little did Isaac Newton, Charles Darwin and other โgentlemen scientistsโ know, when they were making their scientific discoveries, that some centuries later they would inspire a new field of scientific practice and innovation, called citizen science. The current growth and availability of citizen science projects and relevant applications to support citizen involvement is massive; every citizen has an opportunity to become a scientist and contribute to a scientific discipline, without having any professional qualifications. With geographic interfaces being the common approach to support collection, analysis and dissemination of data contributed by participants, โgeographic citizen scienceโ is being approached from different angles. Geographic Citizen Science Design takes an anthropological and Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) stance to provide the theoretical and methodological foundations to support the design, development and evaluation of citizen science projects and their user-friendly applications. Through a careful selection of case studies in the urban and non-urban contexts of the Global North and South, the chapters provide insights into the design and interaction barriers, as well as on the lessons learned from the engagement of a diverse set of participants; for example, literate and non-literate people with a range of technical skills, and with different cultural backgrounds. Looking at the field through the lenses of specific case studies, the book captures the current state of the art in research and development of geographic citizen science and provides critical insight to inform technological innovation and future research in this area
A systematic literature review on the relationship between autonomous vehicle technology and traffic-related mortality.
ํ์๋
ผ๋ฌธ(์์ฌ) -- ์์ธ๋ํ๊ต๋ํ์ : ํ์ ๋ํ์ ๊ธ๋ก๋ฒํ์ ์ ๊ณต, 2023. 2. ์ตํํ.The society is anticipated to gain a lot from Autonomous Vehicles (AV), such as improved traffic flow and a decrease in accidents. They heavily rely on improvements in various Artificial Intelligence (AI) processes and strategies. Though some researchers in this field believe AV is the key to enhancing safety, others believe AV creates new challenges when it comes to ensuring the security of these new technology/systems and applications. The article conducts a systematic literature review on the relationship between autonomous vehicle technology and traffic-related mortality. According to inclusion and exclusion criteria, articles from EBSCO, ProQuest, IEEE Explorer, Web of Science were chosen, and they were then sorted. The findings reveal that the most of these publications have been published in advanced transport-related journals. Future improvements in the automobile industry and the development of intelligent transportation systems could help reduce the number of fatal traffic accidents. Technologies for autonomous cars provide effective ways to enhance the driving experience and reduce the number of traffic accidents. A multitude of driving-related problems, such as crashes, traffic, energy usage, and environmental pollution, will be helped by autonomous driving technology. More research is needed for the significant majority of the studies that were assessed. They need to be expanded so that they can be tested in real-world or computer-simulated scenarios, in better and more realistic scenarios, with better and more data, and in experimental designs where the results of the proposed strategy are compared to those of industry standards and competing strategies. Therefore, additional study with improved methods is needed. Another major area that requires additional research is the moral and ethical choices made by AVs. Government, policy makers, manufacturers, and designers all need to do many actions in order to deploy autonomous vehicles on the road effectively. The government should develop laws, rules, and an action plan in particular. It is important to create more effective programs that might encourage the adoption of emerging technology in transportation systems, such as driverless vehicles. In this regard, user perception becomes essential since it may inform designers about current issues and observations made by people. The perceptions of autonomous car users in developing countries like Azerbaijan haven't been thoroughly studied up to this point. The manufacturer has to fix the system flaw and needs a good data set for efficient operation. In the not-too-distant future, the widespread use of highly automated vehicles (AVs) may open up intriguing new possibilities for resolving persistent issues in current safety-related research. Further research is required to better understand and quantify the significant policy implications of Avs, taking into consideration factors like penetration rate, public adoption, technological advancements, traffic patterns, and business models. It only needs to take into account peer-reviewed, full-text journal papers for the investigation, but it's clear that a larger database and more documents would provide more results and a more thorough analysis.์์จ์ฃผํ์ฐจ(AV)๋ฅผ ํตํด ๊ตํต ํ๋ฆ์ด ๊ฐ์ ๋๊ณ ์ฌ๊ณ ๊ฐ ์ค์ด๋๋ ๋ฑ ์ฌํ๊ฐ ์ป๋ ๊ฒ์ด ๋ง์ ๊ฒ์ผ๋ก ์์๋๋ค. ๊ทธ๋ค์ ๋ค์ํ ์ธ๊ณต์ง๋ฅ(AI) ํ๋ก์ธ์ค์ ์ ๋ต์ ๊ฐ์ ์ ํฌ๊ฒ ์์กดํ๋ค. ์ด ๋ถ์ผ์ ์ผ๋ถ ์ฐ๊ตฌ์๋ค์ AV๊ฐ ์์ ์ฑ์ ํฅ์์ํค๋ ์ด์ ๋ผ๊ณ ๋ฏฟ์ง๋ง, ๋ค๋ฅธ ์ฐ๊ตฌ์๋ค์ AV๊ฐ ์ด๋ฌํ ์๋ก์ด ๊ธฐ์ /์์คํ
๋ฐ ์ ํ๋ฆฌ์ผ์ด์
์ ๋ณด์์ ๋ณด์ฅํ๋ ๊ฒ๊ณผ ๊ด๋ จํ์ฌ ์๋ก์ด ๋ฌธ์ ๋ฅผ ์ผ๊ธฐํ๋ค๊ณ ๋ฏฟ๋๋ค. ์ด ๋
ผ๋ฌธ์ ์์จ์ฃผํ์ฐจ ๊ธฐ์ ๊ณผ ๊ตํต ๊ด๋ จ ์ฌ๋ง๋ฅ ์ฌ์ด์ ๊ด๊ณ์ ๋ํ ์ฒด๊ณ์ ์ธ ๋ฌธํ ๊ฒํ ๋ฅผ ์ํํ๋ค. ํฌํจ ๋ฐ ์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ์ค์ ๋ฐ๋ผ EBSCO, ProQuest, IEEE Explorer ๋ฐ Web of Science์ ๊ธฐ์ฌ๋ฅผ ์ ํํ๊ณ ๋ถ๋ฅํ๋ค.์ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ ์ด๋ฌํ ์ถํ๋ฌผ์ ๋๋ถ๋ถ์ด ๊ณ ๊ธ ์ด์ก ๊ด๋ จ ์ ๋์ ๊ฒ์ฌ๋์์์ ๋ณด์ฌ์ค๋ค. ๋ฏธ๋์ ์๋์ฐจ ์ฐ์
์ ๊ฐ์ ๊ณผ ์ง๋ฅํ ๊ตํต ์์คํ
์ ๊ฐ๋ฐ์ ์น๋ช
์ ์ธ ๊ตํต ์ฌ๊ณ ์ ์๋ฅผ ์ค์ด๋ ๋ฐ ๋์์ด ๋ ์ ์๋ค. ์์จ์ฃผํ ์๋์ฐจ ๊ธฐ์ ์ ์ด์ ๊ฒฝํ์ ํฅ์์ํค๊ณ ๊ตํต ์ฌ๊ณ ์ ์๋ฅผ ์ค์ผ ์ ์๋ ํจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ์ ์ ๊ณตํ๋ค. ์ถฉ๋, ๊ตํต, ์๋์ง ์ฌ์ฉ, ํ๊ฒฝ ์ค์ผ๊ณผ ๊ฐ์ ์๋ง์ ์ด์ ๊ด๋ จ ๋ฌธ์ ๋ค์ ์์จ ์ฃผํ ๊ธฐ์ ์ ์ํด ๋์์ ๋ฐ์ ๊ฒ์ด๋ค. ํ๊ฐ๋ ๋๋ถ๋ถ์ ์ฐ๊ตฌ์ ๋ํด ๋ ๋ง์ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ ํ์ํ๋ค. ์ค์ ๋๋ ์ปดํจํฐ ์๋ฎฌ๋ ์ด์
์๋๋ฆฌ์ค, ๋ ์ข๊ณ ํ์ค์ ์ธ ์๋๋ฆฌ์ค, ๋ ์ข๊ณ ๋ ๋ง์ ๋ฐ์ดํฐ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์ ์๋ ์ ๋ต ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ ์ฐ์
ํ์ค ๋ฐ ๊ฒฝ์ ์ ๋ต์ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ๋น๊ต๋๋ ์คํ ์ค๊ณ์์ ํ
์คํธ๋ ์ ์๋๋ก ํ์ฅ๋์ด์ผ ํ๋ค. ๋ฐ๋ผ์ ๊ฐ์ ๋ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ์ ๋ํ ์ถ๊ฐ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ ํ์ํ๋ค. ์ถ๊ฐ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ ํ์ํ ๋ ๋ค๋ฅธ ์ฃผ์ ๋ถ์ผ๋ AV์ ๋๋์ , ์ค๋ฆฌ์ ์ ํ์ด๋ค. ์ ๋ถ, ์ ์ฑ
์
์์, ์ ์กฐ์
์ฒด ๋ฐ ์ค๊ณ์๋ ๋ชจ๋ ์์จ ์ฃผํ ์ฐจ๋์ ํจ๊ณผ์ ์ผ๋ก ๋๋ก์ ๋ฐฐ์นํ๊ธฐ ์ํด ๋ง์ ์กฐ์น๋ฅผ ์ทจํด์ผ ํ๋ค. ์ ๋ถ๋ ํนํ ๋ฒ, ๊ท์น, ์คํ ๊ณํ์ ๊ฐ๋ฐํด์ผ ํ๋ค. ์ด์ ์ ์๋ ์ฐจ๋๊ณผ ๊ฐ์ ์ด์ก ์์คํ
์์ ์๋ก์ด ๊ธฐ์ ์ ์ฑํ์ ์ฅ๋ คํ ์ ์๋ ๋ณด๋ค ํจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ํ๋ก๊ทธ๋จ์ ๋ง๋๋ ๊ฒ์ด ์ค์ํ๋ค. ์ด์ ๊ด๋ จํ์ฌ, ์ค๊ณ์์๊ฒ ํ์ฌ ์ด์์ ์ฌ๋์ ์ํ ๊ด์ฐฐ์ ์๋ ค์ค ์ ์๊ธฐ ๋๋ฌธ์ ์ฌ์ฉ์ ์ธ์์ด ํ์์ ์ด ๋๋ค.์ ์กฐ์
์ฒด๋ ์์คํ
๊ฒฐํจ์ ์์ ํด์ผ ํ๋ฉฐ ํจ์จ์ ์ธ ์๋์ ์ํด ์ข์ ๋ฐ์ดํฐ ์ธํธ๊ฐ ํ์ํ๋ค. ๋ฉ์ง ์์ ๋ฏธ๋์, ๊ณ ๋๋ก ์๋ํ๋ ์ฐจ๋(AV)์ ๊ด๋ฒ์ํ ์ฌ์ฉ์ ํ์ฌ์ ์์ ๊ด๋ จ ์ฐ๊ตฌ์์ ์ง์์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์ ๋ฅผ ํด๊ฒฐํ๊ธฐ ์ํ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋ก์ด ์๋ก์ด ๊ฐ๋ฅ์ฑ์ ์ด์ด์ค ์ ์๋ค. ๋ณด๊ธ๋ฅ , ๊ณต๊ณต ์ฑํ, ๊ธฐ์ ๋ฐ์ , ๊ตํต ํจํด ๋ฐ ๋น์ฆ๋์ค ๋ชจ๋ธ๊ณผ ๊ฐ์ ์์๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ์ฌ Avs์ ์ค์ํ ์ ์ฑ
์ํฅ์ ๋ ์ ์ดํดํ๊ณ ์ ๋ํํ๊ธฐ ์ํ ์ถ๊ฐ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ ํ์ํ๋ค. ์กฐ์ฌ๋ฅผ ์ํด ๋๋ฃ ๊ฒํ ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์น ์ ๋ฌธ ์ ๋ ๋
ผ๋ฌธ๋ง ๊ณ ๋ คํ๋ฉด ๋์ง๋ง, ๋ฐ์ดํฐ๋ฒ ์ด์ค๊ฐ ์ปค์ง๊ณ ๋ฌธ์๊ฐ ๋ง์์ง๋ฉด ๋ ๋ง์ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ๋ ์ฒ ์ ํ ๋ถ์์ด ์ ๊ณต๋ ๊ฒ์ด ๋ถ๋ช
ํ๋ค.Abstract 3
Table of Contents 6
List of Tables 7
List of Figures 7
List of Appendix 7
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 8
1.1. Background 8
1.2. Purpose of Research 13
CHAPTER 2: AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES 21
2.1. Intelligent Traffic Systems 21
2.2. System Architecture for Autonomous Vehicles 22
2.3. Key components in AV classification 27
CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY AND DATA COLLECTION PROCEDURE 35
CHAPTER 4: FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION 39
4.1. RQ1: Do autonomous vehicles reduce traffic-related deaths 40
4.2. RQ2: Are there any challenges to using autonomous vehicles 63
4.3. RQ3: As a developing country, how effective is the use of autonomous vehicles for reducing traffic mortality 72
CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION 76
5.1. Summary 76
5.2. Implications and Recommendations 80
5.3. Limitation of the study 91
Bibliography 93
List of Tables
Table 1: The 6 Levels of Autonomous Vehicles
Table 2: Search strings
Table 3: Inclusion and exclusion criteria
List of Figures
Figure 1: Traffic Death Comparison with Europe
Figure 2: Research strategy and study selection process
List of Appendix
Appendix 1: List of selected articles์
Geographic Citizen Science Design
Little did Isaac Newton, Charles Darwin and other โgentlemen scientistsโ know, when they were making their scientific discoveries, that some centuries later they would inspire a new field of scientific practice and innovation, called citizen science. The current growth and availability of citizen science projects and relevant applications to support citizen involvement is massive; every citizen has an opportunity to become a scientist and contribute to a scientific discipline, without having any professional qualifications. With geographic interfaces being the common approach to support collection, analysis and dissemination of data contributed by participants, โgeographic citizen scienceโ is being approached from different angles. Geographic Citizen Science Design takes an anthropological and Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) stance to provide the theoretical and methodological foundations to support the design, development and evaluation of citizen science projects and their user-friendly applications. Through a careful selection of case studies in the urban and non-urban contexts of the Global North and South, the chapters provide insights into the design and interaction barriers, as well as on the lessons learned from the engagement of a diverse set of participants; for example, literate and non-literate people with a range of technical skills, and with different cultural backgrounds. Looking at the field through the lenses of specific case studies, the book captures the current state of the art in research and development of geographic citizen science and provides critical insight to inform technological innovation and future research in this area
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