299 research outputs found
Data-driven urban management: Mapping the landscape
Big data analytics and artificial intelligence, paired with blockchain technology, the Internet of Things, and other emerging technologies, are poised to revolutionise urban management. With massive amounts of data collected from citizens, devices, and traditional sources such as routine and well-established censuses, urban areas across the world have – for the first time in history – the opportunity to monitor and manage their urban infrastructure in real-time. This simultaneously provides previously unimaginable opportunities to shape the future of cities, but also gives rise to new ethical challenges. This paper provides a transdisciplinary synthesis of the developments, opportunities, and challenges for urban management and planning under this ongoing ‘digital revolution’ to provide a reference point for the largely fragmented research efforts and policy practice in this area. We consider both top-down systems engineering approaches and the bottom-up emergent approaches to coordination of different systems and functions, their implications for the existing physical and institutional constraints on the built environment and various planning practices, as well as the social and ethical considerations associated with this transformation from non-digital urban management to data-driven urban management
Rescuing a collapsing euro:Metaphoricity in the verbal and visual discourse of The Economist
The present thesis investigates the verbal and visual metaphors that are used by The Economist to discuss the topic of the economic crisis which hit the single currency and the Eurozone. In particular, I am concerned with the way in which the incongruous visual and verbal realisations interact and contribute to shaping a multimodal scenario. My study is broadly based on the discourse dynamic framework which investigates metaphor occurrence and development in the flow of discourse and social interaction. Considering that metaphor communicates ideas and conveys feelings, I place my analysis within the context of studies that investigate metaphor as a means of interaction. I examine metaphor as a device that, while occurring and developing in discourse, reveals and shapes people's views, attitudes and perceptions of reality. Having selected 10 articles that best illustrate the troubles that the debt crisis has brought to the euro area, I develop a qualitative investigation aimed at identifying metaphors which illustrate, explain and discuss complex economic issues, such as economic instability and the risk of an impending economic default. Based on the analysis of my data, I argue that verbal and visual metaphors debating the crisis emerge into two intersemiotically related systematic scenarios that highlight the urgency of intervention. A first optimistic scenario hints at scheduling feasible measures to save the euro and prompts plans of economic development in terms of a rescue. A second negative and pessimistic outlook criticises the inadequate projects that the Eurozone leaders have agreed on and awaits the failure of the euro in terms of a a tragic collapse. My research contributes to the study of metaphor in economic-media discourse and aims at achieving a deeper understanding of how verbal and visual interconnectedness in multimodal discourse is better shaped at attracting the reading public. Moreover, relying on the principles of clarity and simplicity that The Economist favours so much, metaphoricity and multimodality contribute to developing social interaction, a better understanding and hopefully a wider sharing
A comparative study on cyber power : the United Kingdom, France, and Germany
This thesis aims to shed light on the concept of cyber power. Cyber power is a concept that has gained relevance with geopolitical dynamics reaching cyberspace and the increasing intertwining between the physical and digital. In this regard, this concept has been treated through three theoretical lenses: realism, liberalism, and constructivism. Still, constructivist approaches to the concept are sparse and deserve some attention. Thus, the thesis was based on a constructivist perspective, tackling the following research problem: How do states’ perceptions of cybersecurity shape the form of their power projection? Does that confer a new form of power relations, therefore, cyber power as a phenomenon? To answer these questions, the research was developed to be a qualitative comparative study with a case center design. The selection of cases took a regional focus and encompassed conventional geopolitical European powers: the United Kingdom, France, and Germany. As auxiliary methods, the research used qualitative document analysis, practice tracing, and interviews to ensure robust findings. Specifically, the thesis was divided into seven chapters. The first chapter presents the research design and briefly contextualizes the debate over cyber power. The second chapter recalls what power means, going back to Political Sciences' influences on International Relations and the generational development of cyber power theories and indexes. The third, fourth, and fifth chapters focus on the case studies of the United Kingdom, France, and Germany, highlighting their digital mentalities (i.e., self and threat perceptions). The sixth chapter presents the comparison within the cases, pointing to similarities and differences in the concept of cyber power and how perspectives shaped the countries' international positions. The final chapter concludes the research findings and points out that strategic cybersecurity culture plays a relevant role in countries' cyber power perspectives. Even though cyber power was a term only used explicitly by the United Kingdom, it translated into the term sovereignty for France and Germany. In this regard, the idea of power in cyberspace presented itself as broader than just offensive and defensive capabilities, encompassing governance/diplomatic and economic/domestic affairs aspects. Besides, there is an influencing aspect, exposing that cyber power projection would be visible through diplomacy/cyber diplomacy.Esta tese tem como objetivo lançar luz sobre o conceito de poder cibernético. O poder cibernético é um conceito que ganhou relevância com a dinâmica geopolítica que atinge o ciberespaço e o crescente entrelaçamento entre o físico e o digital. Nesse sentido, esse conceito foi tratado por meio de três lentes teóricas: realismo, liberalismo e construtivismo. Ainda assim, as abordagens construtivistas do conceito são escassas e merecem alguma atenção. Dessa forma, a tese se baseou em uma perspectiva construtivista, abordando o seguinte problema: Como as percepções dos Estados sobre segurança cibernética moldam a forma de sua projeção de poder? Isso confere uma nova forma de relações de poder, portanto o poder cibernético como fenômeno? Para responder a estas questões, a pesquisa foi desenvolvida para ser um estudo qualitativo comparativo com um desenho centrado em casos. A seleção dos casos teve um enfoque regional e abrangeu potências geopolíticas europeias convencionais: Reino Unido, França e Alemanha. Como métodos auxiliares, a pesquisa utilizou análise qualitativa de documentos, rastreamento de práticas e entrevistas para garantir resultados robustos. Especificamente, a tese foi dividida em sete capítulos. O primeiro capítulo apresenta o desenho da pesquisa e contextualiza brevemente o debate sobre o poder cibernético. O segundo capítulo relembra o que significa poder, remontando às influências das Ciências Políticas nas Relações Internacionais e ao desenvolvimento geracional de teorias e índices de poder cibernético. O terceiro, quarto e quinto capítulos se concentram nos estudos de caso, do Reino Unido, França e Alemanha, destacando suas mentalidades digitais (ou seja, percepções de si mesmo e de ameaças). O sexto capítulo apresenta a comparação dentro dos casos, apontando semelhanças e diferenças no conceito de poder cibernético e como perspectivas moldaram as posições internacionais dos países. O capítulo final conclui os achados da pesquisa e aponta que a cultura de segurança estratégica desempenha um papel relevante nas perspectivas do poder cibernético dos países. Embora o poder cibernético seja um termo usado apenas explicitamente pelo Reino Unido, ele se traduziu no termo soberania para a França e a Alemanha. Nesse sentido, a ideia de poder no ciberespaço apresentou-se como mais ampla do que apenas capacidades ofensivas e defensivas, englobando aspectos de governança/diplomacia e econômico/ domésticos. Além disso, há um aspecto de influência no conceito, expondo que a projeção do poder cibernético seria visível por meio da diplomacia/ciberdiplomacia
Wine in the circuit of culture : "authentic wines" as cultural objects in the 21st century
This report corresponds to a six-month internship, which took place from September 1st,
2019 to February 29th, 2020, in the marketing department of Saffer Wein GmbH in Munich,
Germany. The aim of this report is to investigate how a well-established wine importer like
Saffer Wein GmbH treats wine as a cultural product. Using Goode and Harrop’s definition
of authentic wine, and the official OIV term terroir, this report discusses the immaterial
elements of wine in the context of cultural marketing. Beginning with the contextualization
of wine as a cultural product through Hall and du Gay’s circuit of culture, this research
analyses the culture of wine through the circuit’s five moments of production,
representation, consumption, regulation and identity, concentrating specifically on Italian
wine as a cultural product in the German market. My internship involved developing a
cultural marketing program that communicated the intangible cultural elements of Italian
wine to German consumers, who have recently become interested in the cultural components
of their products. This awareness is a relatively new phenomenon in Germany, and goes
hand-in-hand with an increased awareness of sustainability, all of which is part of an
evolution towards aesthetics and specialization within contemporary consumption. This
report investigates the role of culture in the appreciation of wine, and how Saffer Wein GmbH
integrates this phenomenon into their marketing strategy. So how can wine importers
respond to these evolving expectations and demands? What responsibilities do importers
have to both producers and customers, to preserve and support the heritage of the former,
and to educate the latter? These questions will be explored in the case study of Bertoldi
Prosecco. Ultimately, this report makes the case for cultural marketing as a form of cultural
translation, responding to the needs of the market and the ethics of the consumer.Este relatório corresponde a um estágio de seis meses, realizado entre 1 de Setembro de 2019
e 29 de Fevereiro de 2020, no departamento de marketing de Saffer Wein GmbH, em
Munique, na Alemanha. O objectivo do relatório foi investigar o modo como um conhecido
importador de vinhos como Saffer Wein GmbH trata o vinho como um produto cultural.
Usando a definição de vinho autêntico apresentada por Goode e Harrop, bem como o termo
oficial terroir da OIV (The International Organisation of Vine and Wine), o relatório discute
os elementos imateriais do vinho no contexto do marketing cultural. Começando com uma
contextualização do vinho como produto, ou objecto, cultural, através do uso da ferramenta
circuito da cultura desenvolvida por Stuart Hall e Paul du Gay, esta investigação analisa a
cultura do vinho através dos cinco momentos do circuito – produção, representação,
consumo, regulação e identidade – concentrando-se especificamente em vinhos italianos
como produtos culturais no mercado alemão. O meu estágio incluiu o desenvolvimento de
um programa de marketing cultural que comunicasse os elementos culturais intangíveis do
vinho italiano aos consumidores alemães, que começaram, recentemente, a manifestar
interesse pela componente cultural dos seus produtos. Este interesse é um fenómeno
relativamente novo na Alemanha e acompanha o crescente interesse pela sustentabilidade,
fazendo ambos parte de uma evolução em direção a um interesse pela estética e
especialização no contexto do consumo contemporâneo. Este relatório investiga o papel da
cultura na apreciação do vinho e como Saffer Wein GmbH integra esse fenómeno na sua
estratégia de marketing. Como podem, então, os importadores de vinho dar resposta a estas
expectativas e exigências? Que responsabilidades têm para com os produtores e
consumidores, a fim de preservar e apoiar o património dos primeiros e educar os segundos?
Estas questões serão exploradas através do estudo de caso do Bertoldi Prosecco. Em última
instância, este relatório advoga o marketing cultural como uma forma de tradução cultural,
dando resposta às necessidades do mercado e à ética do consumidor
Portuguese wine sme competitiveness
Pimentel is a Douro valley wine SME, in tending to increase its international scope. Hence, to derive potential foreign markets, a PESTEL-based geographical analysis was performed, resulting in a country ranking and clustering of 103 countries, from which the United Kingdom, Ireland, Germany and South Korea were selected to perform an in-depth analysis. Given their potential, Germany and South Korea were chosen for direct exporting, being provided with prospect partners and marketing recommendations, based on the STP and 4P frameworks. A financial assessment through the Discounted Cash Flow method proved the expansion to both markets to be viable
Schooling of refugee youth and its effect on their identity = ナンミン セイショウネン ノ ガッコウ キョウイク ト アイデンティティ ケイセイ
PDF/A formatsAccess: via World Wide Web東京外国語大学大学院総合国際学研究科博士 (学術) 論文 (2023年1月)Author's thesis (Ph.D)--Tokyo University of Foreign Studies, 2023博甲第341号Bibliography: p. 251-330東京外国語大学 (Tokyo University of Foreign Studies)博士 (学術
The imbalance of power in the European Union: threats, historical and current issues that may cause its failure
The European Union (EU) is a supranational entity that is formed by twenty-eight European states, and it is both an economic and political entity. The EU is often perceived as an immutable entity and the possibility of its collapse has not been explored in detail by political experts and scholars. However, in the EU are present several issues that might endanger its future existence. Overall, these issues create an imbalance of power that affect the stability and the aims of the EU project. To date, experts have focused on the analysis of the effects rather than the causes of EU’s fragility. This thesis argues that the causes of contemporary issues are found in the past. This thesis focuses on the imbalance of power in the EU, unpacking this through both contemporary and historical analysis of the EU. Due to the broadness of the topic, the thesis focuses mainly on three key aspects: the history of European attempts of unity, the current situation of the EU, and the nationalist-populist sentiment that re-emerged in Europe in the recent years. The thesis examines these three themes from a historical and political point of view, using policy and media analysis as wells as core political theory. It examines the nationalist-populist phenomenon through a case study on the Italian Five Star Movement, arguably the first openly populist party to govern a major EU country. Overall, the thesis demonstrates that the EU is burdened by historical legacies and, if it not solved, these will lead to the failure of the EU project
How is aid used to exert power? Gender equality promotion and migration control in Senegal
This article describes how aid-influence mechanisms previously identified by academic literature (aid conditionality, tied aid, consultants, people-to-people exchanges and the support of like-minded donors) are triggered in a selection of six aid projects implemented by Spain and Germany and involving the EU in Senegal, in the domains of gender equity and migration control. Aid-influence nexuses might prove ineffective if there is a lack of political will on the part of the partner, an insufficient involvement of its Administration or local actors, a mis-selection of people involved in the aid-influence link, or if the scale of the project is too small
Youth social movements responding to climate change: a case study of South Africa and Germany.
Masters Degree. University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban.Climate change has been a long-standing issue for every human being who inhabits this planet.
Although we have been faced with climate change for decades, there has been a significant
increase in its effects within the twenty-first century. Billions of tons of carbon dioxide get
released into the earth’s atmosphere every year which is a direct cause of human impacts such
as the burning of fossil fuels and greenhouse gas production. No one on earth is excluded from
the devastating effects that climate change brings with it, from rising temperatures, extreme
weather, droughts, floods, water insecurity, a decline in agriculture, to social inequalities.
Although these impacts affect everyone, we see a particular concern being raised within the
past few years, which is that the youth of the planet are becoming increasingly concerned about
the effects of climate change and their futures.
Young people’s fears and anxieties about this global crisis have transformed into something
we know today as youth social movements who respond to climate change. The rapid rise in
youth social movements responding to climate change since 2018 was unprecedented and
caught global attention very quickly. Their messages have been clear in their activism, that
they intend to hold decision-makers, government, and institutions accountable for their lack of
action. They passionately believe older generations have failed them and that they will be the
ones to pay the price. They have become knowledgeable about climate change and the
challenges faced by youth globally. The power of these movements demonstrates how adamant
they are to refuse to let the effects of climate change ruin their futures or that of future
generations.
It is on this basis that this study explores and discusses the phenomenon of youth social
movements responding to climate change. The dissertation analyses factors, challenges, and
contributions these young people are making to the climate change debate. It uses two
countries, a developing one namely South Africa and a developed one namely Germany, to
make a cross-country comparison of youth social movements responding to climate change in
different regions of the globe. A qualitative desk-top study was used together with thematic
analysis in order for the researcher to make a comparative study of South Africa and Germany’s
youth responses to climate change. This study is composed of reliable secondary data which
will be further explored chapter four. The research brought to light cultural differences,
resource availability, political opportunity, support structures and contributions and success
made by youth social groups in the two countries that were being studied. Each country’s
climatology was looked at and considered the effects climate change has had in South Africa
and Germany. Here, further investigation was done on when the youth social movements were
born and why. This study has uncovered how and why these social movements form and the
impacts they have on local and international societies. It has also revealed the differences in
youth activism in developing countries like South Africa in comparison with developed
countries like Germany which will be further explored in chapter six.
The youth in the climate change debate need more acknowledgement to fully understand their
movements and the motives behind them. The social movements theory was used to guide this
research
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