5,553 research outputs found

    Use Cases for Design Personas : A Systematic Review and New Frontiers

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    Personas represent the needs of users in diverse populations and impact design by endearing empathy and improving communication. While personas have been lauded for their benefits, we could locate no prior review of persona use cases in design, prompting the question: how are personas actually used to achieve these benefits? To address this question, we review 95 articles containing persona application across multiple domains, and identify software development, healthcare, and higher education as the top domains that employ personas. We then present a three-stage design hierarchy of persona usage to describe how personas are used in design tasks. Finally, we assess the increasing trend of persona initiatives aimed towards social good rather than solely commercial interests. Our findings establish a roadmap of best practices for how practitioners can innovatively employ personas to increase the value of designs and highlight avenues of using personas for socially impactful purposes.© 2022 Copyright held by the owner/author(s). Publication rights licensed to ACM. ACM ISBN 978-1-4503-9157-3/22/04. https://doi.org/10.1145/3491102.3517589fi=vertaisarvioitu|en=peerReviewed

    Protecting healing relationships in the age of electronic health records: report from an international conference

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    We present findings of an international conference of diverse participants exploring the influence of electronic health records (EHRs) on the patient-practitioner relationship. Attendees united around a belief in the primacy of this relationship and the importance of undistracted attention. They explored administrative, regulatory, and financial requirements that have guided United States (US) EHR design and challenged patient-care documentation, usability, user satisfaction, interconnectivity, and data sharing. The United States experience was contrasted with those of other nations, many of which have prioritized patient-care documentation rather than billing requirements and experienced high user satisfaction. Conference participants examined educational methods to teach diverse learners effective patient-centered EHR use, including alternative models of care delivery and documentation, and explored novel ways to involve patients as healthcare partners like health-data uploading, chart co-creation, shared practitioner notes, applications, and telehealth. Future best practices must preserve human relationships, while building an effective patient-practitioner (or team)-EHR triad

    Comprehensive Strategic Plan To Reduce and Ultimately Eliminate Health Disparities

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    Despite progress in biomedical science over the past several decades that has increased longevity and improved quality of life for many in our Nation, a heavier burden of disease continues to be borne by some populations, particularly minorities, the poor and underserved. For example, the death rate from prostate cancer among African American men is almost twice that of white men, and stomach cancer mortality is substantially higher among Asian-Pacific Islanders, including Native Hawaiians, than other populations. Cervical cancer incidence in Hispanic women has been consistently higher at all ages than for other women, and African American women have the highest death rate from cervical cancer. Overall, men are about 50 percent more likely than women to die from cancer, and among all women, Alaskan Natives are about 30 percent more likely to die from cancer. It is these disturbing statistics coupled with the fact that reductions in cancer incidence and mortality are occurring in many, but not all, sectors of our Nation, that prompts NCI to examine major determinants of cancer health disparities (e.g., poverty, culture, and social injustice). It is the interrelationship among these factors that must be carefully weaved into the cancer research agenda in order to remedy the unequal burden of cancer

    Evolving reablement through occupational perspectives and welfare technology in home care

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    Rationale: Sweden is encountering dual societal challenges characterised by a rapidly ageing population and a diminishing home care workforce, leading to strained resources, which potentially can impact the quality of care. This situation poses a considerable risk to the health and overall well-being of older adults and home care staff. Innovative strategies are necessary to restructure the provision of home care services that promote healthy ageing and enable older adults to age in place. Reablement, as a rehabilitation approach, is recognized in other countries but is relatively new in Sweden. However, despite increased research, knowledge gaps and ambiguities persist regarding reablement’s theoretical foundation and key components. This knowledge is needed to increase transferability and facilitate successful implementations, thereby advancing the evolution of reablement. Aim: This thesis aims to contribute to the evolution of reablement in home care, using theory, occupational perspectives, and welfare technology to promote healthy ageing in place. Method: The four studies included in this thesis applied various methods to gain knowledge about different perspectives and prerequisites for reablement to evolve. Study I applied a quantitative approach where a questionnaire was sent out to 467 home care staff containing questions about their perceived psychosocial work environment and job strain. Data was analysed with descriptive and inferential statistics. Study II is a quasi-experimental, mixedmethod feasibility study of the reablement program ASSIST 1.0. Seven older adults and three home care staff participated in the program, and ten older adults participated in the control group and received ordinary home care. Quantitative data from clinical outcome measures were analysed with descriptive and inferential statistics, and interviews and field notes were transcribed and analysed according to a qualitative content analysis. Study III is a qualitative study containing nine interviews conducted with the three home care staff involved in ASSIST 1.0 to explore how theories and concepts can evolve the understanding of reablement. The interviews were analysed with Braun & Clarke’s reflexive thematic analysis. Study IV applies a mixed-method design to evaluate the usability and user experience of an information and communication technology system within a home care organization. Quantitative data consisted of test-based usability assessments and self-reported questionnaires, analysed with descriptive statistics. Qualitative data consisted of transcribed material from one focus group interview with six home care staff and three individual interviews with managers from the home care agency. Conclusion: The outcomes from the four studies lay the foundation for the discussion of this thesis, focusing on current reablement discourses and delving into three areas contributing to the evolution of reablement. The first two areas critically reflect on theories that can underpin reablement, strengthen the person-centred and holistic approach, and discuss why and how occupational perspectives can provide new outlooks for reablement. Combined, these two areas contribute to an evolved definition of reablement. The third area addresses why welfare technology is essential for enhancing the interprofessional and person-centred approach in reablement. Finally, it is proposed why reablement should be implemented in Sweden, advocating for a change in policies and guidelines for how home care can be reconstructed to facilitate healthy ageing in place

    Comprehensive Strategic Plan To Reduce and Ultimately Eliminate Health Disparities

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    Despite progress in biomedical science over the past several decades that has increased longevity and improved quality of life for many in our Nation, a heavier burden of disease continues to be borne by some populations, particularly minorities, the poor and underserved. For example, the death rate from prostate cancer among African American men is almost twice that of white men, and stomach cancer mortality is substantially higher among Asian-Pacific Islanders, including Native Hawaiians, than other populations. Cervical cancer incidence in Hispanic women has been consistently higher at all ages than for other women, and African American women have the highest death rate from cervical cancer. Overall, men are about 50 percent more likely than women to die from cancer, and among all women, Alaskan Natives are about 30 percent more likely to die from cancer. It is these disturbing statistics coupled with the fact that reductions in cancer incidence and mortality are occurring in many, but not all, sectors of our Nation, that prompts NCI to examine major determinants of cancer health disparities (e.g., poverty, culture, and social injustice). It is the interrelationship among these factors that must be carefully weaved into the cancer research agenda in order to remedy the unequal burden of cancer.http://www.ncmhd.nih.gov/strategicmock/our_programs/strategic/pubs/NCI.pd

    Involving professionals in research. In the field of ageing and health.

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    Involving professionals in research can ensure the acquisition of knowledge, that is relevant, applicable and sustainable. Professionals are people who work in health systems, or organisations that contribute to health systems, such as practitioners, managers or other decision-makers. They have context-specific knowledge which the researchers often lack. Therefore, when they are involved in research, the perspective from research and the perspective from practice can be integrated, helping to bridge the gap between research and practice and strengthening health systems. However, there is a lack of knowledge about professionals’ involvement in research in the field of ageing and health. Furthermore, demographic changes in society, which will lead to an increase in the number of older people, are expected to result in greater demand for care and services from health systems. Hence, it is important to bridge the gap between research and practice, ensuring that research in the field of ageing and health is useful in practice to improve conditions for ageing populations and society at large. There is a need for further exploration of the involvement of professionals in research in the field of ageing and health in order to harness potential and address challenges with the aim of creating successful conditions for the involvement of professionals in the research process. Therefore, the overall aim of this thesis was to explore professionals’ involvement in research on ageing and health, from the perspective of professionals and researchers and to contribute strategies for involving professionals in research. The experiences of professionals were explored in study I through interviews which were analysed using grounded theory. A participatory and mixed method called group concept mapping was used in studies II & III to collect and analyse the experiences of both researchers and professionals. The results of studies I-III were reviewed scientifically using content analysis, and a guide for collaboration between professionals and researchers was developed by collaborating with professionals through research circles. The results of this thesis show three important areas in terms of involving professionals in research in the field of ageing and health: the prerequisites for involvement, the process of involvement and the outcome of the involvement. Furthermore, this thesis reveals an interplay between these areas. It highlights the importance of ensuring that the process aligns with the intended outcome of the involvement, and that the prerequisites align with the process of involvement. External prerequisites for enabling professionals to be involved in research include the organisation where they worked, the politics that governed their work, having time for involvement within ordinary working hours and receiving support from their managers and colleagues. Internal prerequisites influencing professionals’ involvement in research included belief and confidence in their own ability to get involved in research. During the process of involvement, research and practice adapt to one another. The different roles the professionals and the researchers had during the process entailed different responsibilities and expectations. Equally, the process was influenced by the relationships between professionals and researchers and how they interacted. Hence, the process of involvement can either enable or challenge opportunities for mutual learning and development. The involvement of professionals was experienced as influencing the research process and the usability of the research results, as well as influencing the professionals involved and their practice. Together, these outcomes were considered to ultimately benefit the older people who were the intended beneficiaries of the research. In conclusion, there should be systematic consideration of the interplay between the prerequisites for involving professionals, the process of involvement and the intended outcome of the involvement. This thesis provides useful strategies for involving professionals in designing and conducting research projects

    A Prospective Investigation to Develop Data-Driven Interventions and Improve Process Efficiency at a Level II Trauma Center

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    INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this investigation was to better understand process inefficiencies in a Level II trauma center through the identification and classification of flow disruptions. Data-driven interventions were systematically developed and introduced in an effort to reduce disruptions threatening the optimal delivery of trauma care. METHOD: Medical human factors researchers observed disruptions during resuscitation and imaging in 117 trauma cases. Data was classified using the human factors taxonomy Realizing Improved Patient Care through Human-centered Operating Room Design for Threat Window Analysis (RIPCHORD-TWA). Interdisciplinary subject matter experts (SMEs) utilized a human factors intervention matrix (HFIX) to generate targeted interventions designed to address the most detrimental disruptions. A multiple-baseline interrupted time-series (ITS) design was used to gauge the effectiveness of the interventions introduced. RESULTS: Significant differences were found in the frequency of disruptions between the pre-intervention (n=65 cases, 1137 disruptions) and post-intervention phases (n=52 cases, 939 disruptions). Results revealed significant improvements related to ineffective communication (x2 (1, n=2076) = 24.412, p=0.00, x2 (1, n=1031) = 9.504, p=0.002, x2 (1, n=1045) = 12.197, p=0.000); however, similar levels of improvement were not observed in the other targeted areas. CONCLUSION: This study provided a foundation for a data-driven approach to investigating precursor events and process inefficiencies in trauma care. Further, this approach allowed individuals on the front lines to generate specific interventions aimed at mitigating systemic weaknesses and inefficiencies frequently encountered in their work environment

    Integrating a Community Mental Health Resource Tool in a Rural Emergency Department Setting

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    Providing effective discharge education to patients who are treated in the emergency department setting remains a very important component of a patient’s visit to an emergency department. Literature confirms although there are various governmental regulatory agencies that set forth regulations and guidelines, there remains a need to continually evaluate and critique the discharge education process to best meet the evolving needs of the patients, stakeholders, and community. Universally understood standards include appropriate reading levels and usability of the discharge education being provided. Discharge education can be very simple to complex creating higher demands on nursing staff to ensure they understand the information and they are presenting it to their patients. Having educational materials to provide to patients is a part of the patient discharge education process, along with assuring nursing staff are adequately aware and informed of the educational education or resources being provided is critical. The purpose of this DNP project was to implement a community mental health resource tool in a rural emergency department setting. Prior to this implementation, the nursing staff was provided information and training on the mental health resource tool which contained information pertinent to accessing local mental health resources. Dr. Nola J. Pender’s Theory of Health Promotion Model was the theoretical underpinning for this project. Survey data collection revealed that this quality improvement approach was successful, with significant positive results regarding increased awareness, confidence, ease of use, and high levels of use of the tool during the project time frame
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