229 research outputs found
PEGA: Personality-Guided Preference Aggregator for Ephemeral Group Recommendation
Recently, making recommendations for ephemeral groups which contain dynamic
users and few historic interactions have received an increasing number of
attention. The main challenge of ephemeral group recommender is how to
aggregate individual preferences to represent the group's overall preference.
Score aggregation and preference aggregation are two commonly-used methods that
adopt hand-craft predefined strategies and data-driven strategies,
respectively. However, they neglect to take into account the importance of the
individual inherent factors such as personality in the group. In addition, they
fail to work well due to a small number of interactive records. To address
these issues, we propose a Personality-Guided Preference Aggregator (PEGA) for
ephemeral group recommendation. Concretely, we first adopt hyper-rectangle to
define the concept of Group Personality. We then use the personality attention
mechanism to aggregate group preferences. The role of personality in our
approach is twofold: (1) To estimate individual users' importance in a group
and provide explainability; (2) to alleviate the data sparsity issue that
occurred in ephemeral groups. The experimental results demonstrate that our
model significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art methods w.r.t. the score
of both Recall and NDCG on Amazon and Yelp datasets
Spiritual and ethical transformational leadership: Critical discourse analysis within a practical theology praxis
The objective of this article is to focus renewed attention on ethics in contemporary dialogue through value-based leadership. This is done with reference to the value of meaning in social research and critical discourse analysis within a framework of leadership discourse praxis. Discourse constructs, such as dominance and power, are analysed in the (re)production of oppression, injustice and inequality. The objective is to analyse the way in which human ideas and the actions of powerful and dominant leadership elites are influencing and dominating ethical and/or unethical public enactments. The hypothesis is that ethical discourse enactments (practices) could foster authentic ethical and transformational leadership
Leadership guidance for public secondary schools
Thesis (M.A.)--Boston University, 1946. This item was digitized by the Internet Archive
Leadership guidance for public secondary schools
Thesis (M.A.)--Boston University, 1946. This item was digitized by the Internet Archive
Now, You Can Breathe: A Qualitative Study of the Experiences and Resilience of Egyptian Women Victimized by Narcissistic Relationships
Narcissistic relationships manifest as nonreciprocal affiliations that allow no room for genuine partnership or cooperation. The trait of narcissism is more prevalent in men than in women. However, Egypt’s powerful patriarchal culture has prevented adequate scholarly examination of narcissistic relationships. The current study intends to bridge this gap in knowledge by examining two objectives: a) to investigate the nature of experiences of Egyptian women in narcissistic relationships and b) to elucidate how Egyptian women remain resilient in the aftermath of narcissistic relationships. Data were collected via qualitative, semi-structured interviews conducted with 27 literate women aged 24–54 years who had experienced narcissistic relationships for at least a year. Four main themes emerged: a) the abusive experiences suffered by the women, b) perception of the narcissist as abusive partner, c) the negative impact of the narcissistic relationship on the women socially and psychologically, and d) women’s sources of resilience after leaving this relationship. For the abusive experiences, women suffered from different types of aggressive behaviors (e.g. physical, psychological, and verbal) and they tended to doubt their rationality which is called “the gaslighting effect.” The findings indicated that narcissists were perceived by respondents as dominators, vampires, nonempathetic, aggressive, manipulative, and deceiving actors. Accordingly, their relationships with narcissists were detrimental to the psychological and social wellbeing of the women. The results suggest that women need long-term social and emotional support to fully recover from the after-effects of their narcissistic relationships. Social networks and spirituality were the most frequent sources of resilience. The present paper contributes new understandings of narcissistic relationships as a common type of toxic relationship in Egypt
Aplicação de técnicas de Clustering ao contexto da Tomada de Decisão em Grupo
Nowadays, decisions made by executives and managers are primarily made in a group. Therefore, group decision-making is a process where a group of people called participants work together to analyze a set of variables, considering and evaluating a set of alternatives to select one or more solutions. There are many problems associated with group decision-making, namely when the participants cannot meet for any reason, ranging from schedule incompatibility to being in different countries with different time zones. To support this process, Group Decision Support Systems (GDSS) evolved to what today we call web-based GDSS. In GDSS, argumentation is ideal since it makes it easier to use justifications and explanations in interactions between decision-makers so they can sustain their opinions. Aspect Based Sentiment Analysis (ABSA) is a subfield of Argument Mining closely related to Natural Language Processing. It intends to classify opinions at the aspect level and identify the elements of an opinion. Applying ABSA techniques to Group Decision Making Context results in the automatic identification of alternatives and criteria, for example. This automatic identification is essential to reduce the time decision-makers take to step themselves up on Group Decision Support Systems and offer them various insights and knowledge on the discussion they are participants. One of these insights can be arguments getting used by the decision-makers about an alternative. Therefore, this dissertation proposes a methodology that uses an unsupervised technique, Clustering, and aims to segment the participants of a discussion based on arguments used so it can produce knowledge from the current information in the GDSS. This methodology can be hosted in a web service that follows a micro-service architecture and utilizes Data Preprocessing and Intra-sentence Segmentation in addition to Clustering to achieve the objectives of the dissertation. Word Embedding is needed when we apply clustering techniques to natural language text to transform the natural language text into vectors usable by the clustering techniques. In addition to Word Embedding, Dimensionality Reduction techniques were tested to improve the results. Maintaining the same Preprocessing steps and varying the chosen Clustering techniques, Word Embedders, and Dimensionality Reduction techniques came up with the best approach. This approach consisted of the KMeans++ clustering technique, using SBERT as the word embedder with UMAP dimensionality reduction, reducing the number of dimensions to 2. This experiment achieved a Silhouette Score of 0.63 with 8 clusters on the baseball dataset, which wielded good cluster results based on their manual review and Wordclouds. The same approach obtained a Silhouette Score of 0.59 with 16 clusters on the car brand dataset, which we used as an approach validation dataset.Atualmente, as decisões tomadas por gestores e executivos são maioritariamente realizadas em grupo. Sendo assim, a tomada de decisão em grupo é um processo no qual um grupo de pessoas denominadas de participantes, atuam em conjunto, analisando um conjunto de variáveis, considerando e avaliando um conjunto de alternativas com o objetivo de selecionar uma ou mais soluções. Existem muitos problemas associados ao processo de tomada de decisão, principalmente quando os participantes não têm possibilidades de se reunirem (Exs.: Os participantes encontramse em diferentes locais, os países onde estão têm fusos horários diferentes, incompatibilidades de agenda, etc.). Para suportar este processo de tomada de decisão, os Sistemas de Apoio à Tomada de Decisão em Grupo (SADG) evoluíram para o que hoje se chamam de Sistemas de Apoio à Tomada de Decisão em Grupo baseados na Web. Num SADG, argumentação é ideal pois facilita a utilização de justificações e explicações nas interações entre decisores para que possam suster as suas opiniões. Aspect Based Sentiment Analysis (ABSA) é uma área de Argument Mining correlacionada com o Processamento de Linguagem Natural. Esta área pretende classificar opiniões ao nível do aspeto da frase e identificar os elementos de uma opinião. Aplicando técnicas de ABSA à Tomada de Decisão em Grupo resulta na identificação automática de alternativas e critérios por exemplo. Esta identificação automática é essencial para reduzir o tempo que os decisores gastam a customizarem-se no SADG e oferece aos mesmos conhecimento e entendimentos sobre a discussão ao qual participam. Um destes entendimentos pode ser os argumentos a serem usados pelos decisores sobre uma alternativa. Assim, esta dissertação propõe uma metodologia que utiliza uma técnica não-supervisionada, Clustering, com o objetivo de segmentar os participantes de uma discussão com base nos argumentos usados pelos mesmos de modo a produzir conhecimento com a informação atual no SADG. Esta metodologia pode ser colocada num serviço web que segue a arquitetura micro serviços e utiliza Preprocessamento de Dados e Segmentação Intra Frase em conjunto com o Clustering para atingir os objetivos desta dissertação. Word Embedding também é necessário para aplicar técnicas de Clustering a texto em linguagem natural para transformar o texto em vetores que possam ser usados pelas técnicas de Clustering. Também Técnicas de Redução de Dimensionalidade também foram testadas de modo a melhorar os resultados. Mantendo os passos de Preprocessamento e variando as técnicas de Clustering, Word Embedder e as técnicas de Redução de Dimensionalidade de modo a encontrar a melhor abordagem. Essa abordagem consiste na utilização da técnica de Clustering KMeans++ com o SBERT como Word Embedder e UMAP como a técnica de redução de dimensionalidade, reduzindo as dimensões iniciais para duas. Esta experiência obteve um Silhouette Score de 0.63 com 8 clusters no dataset de baseball, que resultou em bons resultados de cluster com base na sua revisão manual e visualização dos WordClouds. A mesma abordagem obteve um Silhouette Score de 0.59 com 16 clusters no dataset das marcas de carros, ao qual usamos esse dataset com validação de abordagem
Evil: Genocide in the 21st Century
This paper will explore commonalities and processes that led to genocide in the twentieth century. Information from four notable genocides will be used to determine the feasibility of genocide continuing unabated into the twenty first century. Armenian, Holocaust, Cambodian and Rwandan genocides have similar qualities establishing a “recipe” for others to use as a template or as a predictor of the next genocide. This thesis will use psychological theory, case studies and historical data to formulate reasons why individuals can be easily persuaded to take on the role as perpetrator. Has the international community done enough to either prevent or identify potential genocides? If not, where are the likely hotspots that genocide will prosper in the future? The review concludes with this; without an international paradigm shift, genocide will flourish in the twenty first century
CULTURALLY THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES TO PREJUDICE AND DISCRIMINATION: FORMULATIONS, INTERVENTIONS, AND STRUCTURAL CHANGE
Aims. Though psychologists are generally well-positioned to implement micro- and macro-level interventions from their roles as clinicians, educators, researchers, and consultants, there is a paucity of formal guidance on how to approach client-generated or structural prejudice and discrimination. The current study addresses this literature gap by integrating previous literature and implementation models from a related field toward a novel treatment approach.
Background. A critical literature review supported intervention-focused conceptualizations of “supremacism” and demonstrated that mutually reinforcing micro- and macro-level discrimination generates demographic disparities in safety, liberty, and well-being. This typically emerges in the United States as White supremacist heteropatriarchy while distinct discrimination hierarchies also appeared in every nation-state and in pre-history. Syndromal patterns of personality difficulty, cognitive distortion, emotional disturbance, and behavioral aggression consistently constituted individual expressions.
Methods. This project employed multi-sited ethnography, situated grounded theory, and critical analysis. Field study included interviews with “exit work” practitioners (N=11) from four countries who staffed “violent far-right extremist” and organized crime counter-recruitment programs. Approximately 75% were former neo-Nazis or White supremacists; approximately 36% had advanced mental health care degrees.
Results. This study articulated exit work examples which address severe supremacist ideological presentations through assessment protocols, case formulations, and intervention approaches. Exit organizations developed these strategies since the 1990s and report positive intervention outcomes.
Conclusions. Exit interventions were closely related to existing psychological interventions. The project concludes by integrating exit workers’ collective experiences with the existing intervention literature. This “exit-informed approach” introduces interventions for micro- and macro-level supremacism in an actionable format
Transformational leadership : inspiration or domination : a critical organisational theory perspective.
Thesis (M.A.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2010.Within academic literature and contemporary organisations, it has become widely accepted
that transformational leaders are required to harness the potential of their human resources in
the direction of accomplishing organisational objectives and achieving organisational
success. Transformational leaders are typically portrayed as charismatic, visionary
individuals who are primarily concerned with the needs of their followers and who project a
passionate and inspirational attitude within the organisational context. Little research
however, has been directed toward a critical analysis of the power dynamics inherent in the
leader-follower relationship and the discursive practices which influence and are influenced
by this relationship. The current study sought to determine the extent to which a textual
analysis of electronic journal articles pertaining to transformational leadership accurately
reflected the presence of discursive effects. The findings revealed that both the knowledge
products associated with transformational leadership as well as the practice of
transformational leaders were informed by and embedded within a human resources
management (HRM) discourse. As this discourse seeks to advance the interests of
management and the organisation, transformational leadership functions as a mechanism
through which the control and domination of workers is enacted within the workplace.
Transformational leaders, through their alliance with a managerialist ideology, aspire to
motivate employees to transcend their own self-interests and align their values with those of
the organisation thereby engendering compliance, docility and self-domination. Discursive
formations persuade employees to invest their subjectivities in the organisation, producing a
hegemonic situation in which employees become instrumental in their own subordination
The Effects Of Authoritarianism On Moral Schema Development And Usage
The current published research on authoritarianism and morality has used the DIT in an overly simplistic manner to predict opinions and actions within the dual process model, using principled moral development (P) as a continuous variable only without examining the influence of schema structure on authoritarianism, and vice versa (McFarland, 2010a). While using P as a continuous variable is advised in most research cases, the scale developers recommend using schema measures when examining the relationship of the DIT to other judgment measures (Thoma, 2006). By interpreting moral development and decision making as a linear construct rather than as a set of interlocking schema, this reductionism likely muddled the connection between Duckitt’s Dual Process Model and moral development, creating a simple model that mediated authoritarianism through P to predict prejudice (McFarland, 2010a). By examining the relationship between moral reasoning schemas and authoritarianism while controlling these factors, a much more complex model for meaningfully explaining how moral reasoning fits into Duckitt’s theories and McFarland’s research was found involving both moral reasoning level and the gender of the subject, ultimately supporting separate models for the genders. The research was also an extension of the validity studies for the moral schema views mentioned previously by Thoma and others, determining the applicability of schema theory to Duckitt’s model (Duckitt, 2001; McFarland, 2010a; Rest et al., 2000; Thoma, 2006)
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