24,998 research outputs found

    The Latin-America version of the Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness scale (LA- ISMI): A multicentric validation study from three Latin-America countries

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    International audienceBackgroundTo date, no data have been available concerning the psychometric characteristics of the Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness scale (ISMI-29) in Latin American countries. The aim of this study was to validate a Latin American version of the ISMI in people with schizophrenia.MethodsThe study included 253 stabilized outpatients with schizophrenia from 3 Mental Health Services in three Latin American countries: Bolivia (N = 83), Chile (N = 85) and Peru (N = 85). We analyzed the psychometric properties using item response and classical test theories. An item reduction was then performed to improve the psychometric properties of the ISMI-29. The final version of the ISMI was tested for construct validity, reliability, external validity and differential item functioning (DIF).ResultsThe five-factor structure of the ISMI-29 was not confirmed using confirmatory factor analysis (RMSEA = 0.12, CFI = 0.77, and WRMR = 2.20). Seventeen items were discarded to obtain a satisfactory psychometric version. The ISMI-12 evaluates 3 dimensions: social stigma (4 items), stigma experience (4), and self-stigma (3). The factor structure accounted for 68% of the total variance. Internal consistency was satisfactory. The scalability was satisfactory, with INFIT statistics within an acceptable range. In addition, the results confirmed the absence of DIF and supported the invariance of the item calibrations between countries.ConclusionThe ISMI-29 is not valid in our sample and should not be used in Latin American countries. The ISMI-12 is the first internalized stigma questionnaire with satisfactory psychometric properties available in Latin American countries. Its brevity could facilitate its dissemination and use in clinical settings

    Gamma-Ray Burst Jet Breaks Revisited

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    Gamma-ray Burst (GRB) collimation has been inferred with the observations of achromatic steepening in GRB light curves, known as jet breaks. Identifying a jet break from a GRB afterglow light curve allows a measurement of the jet opening angle and true energetics of GRBs. In this paper, we re-investigate this problem using a large sample of GRBs that have an optical jet break that is consistent with being achromatic in the X-ray band. Our sample includes 99 GRBs from 1997 February to 2015 March that have optical and, for Swift GRBs, X-ray light curves that are consistent with the jet break interpretation. Out of the 99 GRBs we have studied, 55 GRBs are found to have temporal and spectral behaviors both before and after the break, consistent with the theoretical predictions of the jet break models, respectively. These include 53 long/soft (Type II) and 2 short/hard (Type I) GRBs. Only 1 GRB is classified as the candidate of a jet break with energy injection. Another 41 and 3 GRBs are classified as the candidates with the lower and upper limits of the jet break time, respectively. Most jet breaks occur at 90 ks, with a typical opening angle θj = (2.5 ± 1.0)°. This gives a typical beaming correction factor fb−1∼1000{f}_{b}^{-1}\sim 1000 for Type II GRBs, suggesting an even higher total GRB event rate density in the universe. Both isotropic and jet-corrected energies have a wide span in their distributions: log(Eγ,iso/erg) = 53.11 with σ = 0.84; log(EK,iso/erg) = 54.82 with σ = 0.56; log(Eγ/erg) = 49.54 with σ = 1.29; and log(EK/erg) = 51.33 with σ = 0.58. We also investigate several empirical correlations (Amati, Frail, Ghirlanda, and Liang–Zhang) previously discussed in the literature. We find that in general most of these relations are less tight than before. The existence of early jet breaks and hence small opening angle jets, which were detected in the Swfit era, is most likely the source of scatter. If one limits the sample to jet breaks later than 104 s, the Liang–Zhang relation remains tight and the Ghirlanda relation still exists. These relations are derived from Type II GRBs, and Type I GRBs usually deviate from them

    My bitterness is deeper than the ocean : understanding internalized stigma from the perspectives of persons with schizophrenia and their family caregivers.

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    Background: It is estimated that 8 million of the Chinese adult population had a diagnosis of schizophrenia. Stigma associated with mental illness, which is pervasive in the Chinese cultural context, impacts both persons with schizophrenia and their family caregivers. However, a review of the literature found a dearth of research that explored internalized stigma from the perspectives of both patients and their caregivers. Methods: We integrated data from standardized scales and narratives from semi-structured interviews obtained from eight family-dyads. Interview narratives about stigma were analyzed using directed content analysis and compared with responses from Chinese versions of the Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness Scale and Affiliated Stigma Scale. Scores from the two scales and number of text fragments were compared to identify consistency of responses using the two methods. Profiles from three family-dyads were analyzed to highlight the interactive aspect of stigma in a dyadic relationship. Results: Our analyses suggested that persons with schizophrenia and their caregivers both internalized negative valuation from their social networks and reduced engagement in the community. Participants with schizophrenia expressed a sense of shame and inferiority, spoke about being a burden to their family, and expressed self-disappointment as a result of having a psychiatric diagnosis. Caregivers expressed high level of emotional distress because of mental illness in the family. Family dyads varied in the extent that internalized stigma were experienced by patients and caregivers. Conclusions: Family plays a central role in caring for persons with mental illness in China. Given the increasingly community-based nature of mental health services delivery, understanding internalized stigma as a family unit is important to guide the development of cultural-informed treatments. This pilot study provides a method that can be used to collect data that take into consideration the cultural nuances of Chinese societies

    Psychometric properties of the Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness (ISMI-10) scale in a Dutch sample of employees with mental illness

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    BACKGROUND: Internalized stigma can have numerous negative effects on the well-being and employment of people with mental illness. Brief, valid, and reliable measures are needed to get a better understanding of self-stigmatization. The aim of this study is to translate the brief version of the Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness (ISMI-10) scale into a Dutch version and to assess the reliability and validity of this Dutch version in a sample of employees with mental illness. METHODS: The ISMI-10 was translated into Dutch using the forward-backward translation procedure. The sample consisted of 161 employees with mental illness. Internal consistency was evaluated and the retest reliability was tested with 68 respondents. The construct validity was evaluated by testing convergent and divergent validity. RESULTS: The Dutch ISMI-10 showed good internal consistency (α = 0.83) and good test-retest reliability (r = 0.73). The Dutch ISMI-10 demonstrated excellent convergent validity; high correlations were found between the Dutch ISMI-10 and hope (r = -0.54), anxiety and depression (r = 0.59), self-esteem (r = -0.56), and empowerment (r = − 0.59). Acceptable divergent validity was indicated; small correlations were found between the Dutch ISMI-10 and the physical functioning subscale (r = -0.27) and the role limitation due to physical problems subscale (r = -0.21), and medium correlations were found between the Dutch ISMI-10 and the general health subscale (r = -0.36). CONCLUSION: The Dutch ISMI-10 demonstrated adequate psychometric properties for assessing internalized stigma and can be used by researchers in Dutch speaking countries to get a better understanding of self-stigmatization among people with mental illness. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12888-022-04284-5

    Responding to the Impending Repossessions Crisis

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    This paper was commissioned by Communities and Local Government in November 2008 in response to the rise in repossessions. It addresses the macroeconomic and social impacts of repossessions and makes recommendations for government action

    Kohesi dan Koherensi dalam novel KKN Di Desa Penari Karya Simpleman dan Implikasinya terhadap Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia di SMA

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    Wacana merupakan bagian penting di dalam satuan kebahasaan, dalam wacana terdapat kohesi dan koherensi. Kohesi dan koherensi memiliki peran penting dalam menulis karangan, baik yang akan menulis atau yang sudah menjadi sebuah karangan. Berdasarkan paparan di atas masalah penelitian ini adalah jenis kohesi dan koherensi apa sajakah yang terdapat dalam novel KKN Di Desa Penari. Maka dari itu penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penggunaan kohesi dan koherensi dalam novel KKN Di Desa Penari. Objek yang menjadi penelitian ini yaitu novel KKN Di Desa Penari. Subjek yang menjadi penelitian ini yaitu kalimat yang terdapat jenis kohesi dan koherensi dalam novel KKN Di Desa Penari. Pendekatan yang digunakan yaitu pendekatan kualitatif. Desain penelitian ini yaitu dengan cara mengumpulkan data, lalu data tersebut dikelompokkan sesuai penggunaan jenis kohesi dan koherensi, lalu data tersebut dianalisis dan disajikan dalam bentuk informal. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik baca dan teknik catat. Teknik penyajian hasil analisis menggunkan teknik informal. Hasil penelitian ini yaitu terdapat jenis kohesi gramatikal, kohesi leksikal dan jenis koherensi. Kohesi gramatikal diantaranya: referensi, substitusi, elipsis, dan konjungsi. Referensi ditemukan 5 data dengan prosentase 7,8125%, substitusi ditemukan 7 data dengan prosentase 10,9375%, elipsis ditemukan 4 data dengan prosentase 6,25%. Untuk konjungsi dibagi lagi menjadi lima yaitu: konjungsi adversatif, konjungsi kausal, konjungsi korelatif, konjungsi subordinatif dan, konjungsi temporal. Konjungsi adversaatif ditemukan 2 data dengan prosentase 3,125%, konjugsi kausal ditemukan 3 data dengan prosentase 4,6875%, konjungsi korelatif ditemukan 4 data dengan prosentase 6,25%, konjungsi subordinatif ditemukan 4 data dengan prosentase 6,25% dan, konjungsi temporal ditemukan 4 data dengan prosentase 6,25%. Penggunaan kohesi leksikal terdapat dua jenis yaitu, repetisi dan kolokasi. Repetisi ditemukan 5 data dengan prosentase 7,8125% dan, kolokasi ditemukan 2 data dengan prosentase 3,125%. Penggunaan koherensi terdapat lima hubungan yaitu: hubungan penjumlahan, hubungan perturutan, hubungan perlawanan, hubungan sebab-akibat, dan hubungan waktu. Hubungan penjumlahan ditemukan 5 data dengan prosentase 7,8125%, hubungan perturutan ditemukan 5 data dengan prosentase 7,8125%, hubungan perlawanan ditemukan 5 data dengan prosentase 7,8125%, hubungan sebab-akibat ditemukan 5 data dengan prosentase 7,8125% dan, hubungan penjelasan ditemukan 4 data dengan prosentase 6,25%

    Pendidikan Politik bagi Anak melalui Organisasi Siswa Madrasah Ibtidaiyah

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    Political education for children is a very good provision in shaping the character of children who are responsible. This study aims to describe how the implementation of political education for students at MI Thowalib Pesagen Pati. This research is a qualitative research with a descriptive approach to describe political education for students through the organization of the Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Student Association (ISMI). The results showed that the background for the formation of ISMI was the ideals of the institution to shape the character of students. Political education for students is carried out through various extracurricular activities such as yasinan, tahlilan, compensation, mutual cooperation, commemoration of Islamic holidays, election of the chairman of ISMI, and other social activities. ISMI is able to make its administrators have a character of responsibility, social care, and democratic

    Physical and Mechanical Properties of Palm Oil Frond and Stem Bunch for Developing Pruner and Harvester Machinery Design

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    A development of oil palm pruner and harvester machinery design implemented in the field still faces a problem due to the lack of effective and efficient design which is need to be solved. It was noted that in order to develop the design, an early data and information of physical and mechanical properties of palm oil frond and stem fruits is critically important. The objective of the research was to obtain the physical and mechanical properties of palm oil frond and stem in order to develop the design of pruner and harvester machinery. The result showed that tool machinery was been advantageous by the physical properties of the plant i.e. the total weight of frond and leaf which enable to support the cutting process. The average of total weight of frond and leaf was 16.8 kg. The diagonal cutting trajectory was been more advantageous because of total weight and frond shape toward to the different of the plant tissue area. The measurement result shows that cutting curve follows the time required for cutting. The comparison among cutting curve shows differences in cutting thickness or length. In this case, the thickness is linear with cutting time. Besides, those curves show differences at the height which determine the maximum value of tested material cutting resistance. Alternative solution for machinery development design is pruner-harvester for height plant below 6 m and among 6 to 12 m. For below 6 m, pruner-harvester was designed by incorporating motor as power source and cutter-disc as the knife cutter. That condition was relied on that estate which was maintenance intensively commonly used cutter-disc. Pruner-harvester above 6 m and up to 12 m was improved based on manual egrek-designed by adding fresh fruit bunch alley supply glide in order to keep the fruits still in intact form. The consideration was based on affectivity and efficiency. It also considers homogenous ecological of palm oil plant which should be maintained to reduce global warming effect. Information obtained in this research could become positive consideration and alternative solution to provide problem solvingat early development design of palm oil pruner and harvester machinery

    The spatial-temporal patterns of Asian summer monsoon precipitation in response to Holocene insolation change: a model-data synthesis

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    Highlights: • Slice and transient simulations of Holocene climate change were performed. • Spatial–temporal patterns of Holocene Asian summer precipitation are investigated. • A tripole pattern of summer precipitation can be seen over monsoonal Asia. • Insolation change is a key factor for Holocene Asian summer monsoon change. • Internal feedbacks are important to Holocene Asian summer precipitation changes. Abstract: Paleoclimate proxy records of precipitation/effective moisture show spatial–temporal inhomogeneous over Asian monsoon and monsoon marginal regions during the Holocene. To investigate the spatial differences and diverging temporal evolution over monsoonal Asia and monsoon marginal regions, we conduct a series of numerical experiments with an atmosphere–ocean–sea ice coupled climate model, the Kiel Climate Model (KCM), for the period of Holocene from 9.5 ka BP to present (0 ka BP). The simulations include two time-slice equilibrium experiments for early Holocene (9.5 ka BP) and present-day (0 ka BP), respectively and one transient simulation (HT) using a scheme for model acceleration regarding to the Earth's orbitally driven insolation forcing for the whole period of Holocene (from 9.5 to 0 ka BP). The simulated summer precipitation in the equilibrium experiments shows a tripole pattern over monsoonal Asia as depicted by the first modes of empirical orthogonal function (EOF1) of H0K and H9K. The transient simulation HT exhibits a wave train pattern in the summer precipitation across the Asian monsoon region associated with a gradually decreased trend in the strength of Asian summer monsoon, as a result of the response of Asian summer monsoon system to the Holocene orbitally-forced insolation change. Both the synthesis of multi-proxy records and model experiments confirm the regional dissimilarity of the Holocene optimum precipitation/effective moisture over the East Asian summer monsoon region, monsoon marginal region, and the westerly-dominated areas, suggesting the complex response of the regional climate systems to Holocene insolation change in association with the internal feedbacks within climate system, such as the air-sea interactions associated with the El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and shift of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) in the evolution of Asian summer monsoon during the Holocene
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