42 research outputs found
Radar Imaging Based on IEEE 802.11ad Waveform in V2I Communications
Since most of vehicular radar systems are already exploiting millimeter-wave
(mmWave) spectra, it would become much more feasible to implement a joint radar
and communication system by extending communication frequencies into the mmWave
band. In this paper, an IEEE 802.11ad waveform-based radar imaging technique is
proposed for vehicular settings. A roadside unit (RSU) transmits the IEEE
802.11ad waveform to a vehicle for communications while the RSU also listens to
the echoes of transmitted waveform to perform inverse synthetic aperture radar
(ISAR) imaging. To obtain high-resolution images of the vehicle, the RSU needs
to accurately estimate round-trip delays, Doppler shifts, and velocity of
vehicle. The proposed ISAR imaging first estimates the round-trip delays using
a good correlation property of Golay complementary sequences in the IEEE
802.11ad preamble. The Doppler shifts are then obtained using least square
estimation from the echo signals and refined to compensate phase wrapping
caused by phase rotation. The velocity of vehicle is determined using an
equation of motion and the estimated Doppler shifts. Simulation results verify
that the proposed technique is able to form high-resolution ISAR images from
point scatterer models of realistic vehicular settings with different
viewpoints. The proposed ISAR imaging technique can be used for various
vehicular applications, e.g., traffic condition analyses or advanced collision
warning systems
Image Based Robust Target Classification For Passive ISAR
This paper presents an automatic and robust, image feature-based target extraction, and classification method for multistatic passive inverse synthetic aperture radar range/cross-range images. The method can be used as a standalone solution or for augmenting classical signal processing approaches. By extracting textural, directional, and edge information as low-level features, a fused saliency map is calculated for the images and used for target detection. The proposed method uses the contour and the size of the detected targets for classification, is lightweight, fast, and easy to extend. The performance of the approach is compared with machine learning methods and extensively evaluated on real target images
Modern GPR Target Recognition Methods
Traditional GPR target recognition methods include pre-processing the data by
removal of noisy signatures, dewowing (high-pass filtering to remove
low-frequency noise), filtering, deconvolution, migration (correction of the
effect of survey geometry), and can rely on the simulation of GPR responses.
The techniques usually suffer from the loss of information, inability to adapt
from prior results, and inefficient performance in the presence of strong
clutter and noise. To address these challenges, several advanced processing
methods have been developed over the past decade to enhance GPR target
recognition. In this chapter, we provide an overview of these modern GPR
processing techniques. In particular, we focus on the following methods:
adaptive receive processing of range profiles depending on the target
environment; adoption of learning-based methods so that the radar utilizes the
results from prior measurements; application of methods that exploit the fact
that the target scene is sparse in some domain or dictionary; application of
advanced classification techniques; and convolutional coding which provides
succinct and representatives features of the targets. We describe each of these
techniques or their combinations through a representative application of
landmine detection.Comment: Book chapter, 56 pages, 17 figures, 12 tables. arXiv admin note:
substantial text overlap with arXiv:1806.0459
Review of radar classification and RCS characterisation techniques for small UAVs or drones
This review explores radar-based techniques currently utilised in the literature to monitor small unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) or drones; several challenges have arisen due to their rapid emergence and commercialisation within the mass market. The potential security threats posed by these systems are collectively presented and the legal issues surrounding their successful integration are briefly outlined. Key difficulties involved in the identification and hence tracking of these `radar elusive' systems are discussed, along with how research efforts relating to drone detection, classification and radar cross section (RCS) characterisation are being directed in order to address this emerging challenge. Such methods are thoroughly analysed and critiqued; finally, an overall picture of the field in its current state is painted, alongside scope for future work over a broad spectrum
Convergent Communication, Sensing and Localization in 6G Systems: An Overview of Technologies, Opportunities and Challenges
Herein, we focus on convergent 6G communication, localization and sensing systems by identifying key technology enablers, discussing their underlying challenges, implementation issues, and recommending potential solutions. Moreover, we discuss exciting new opportunities for integrated localization and sensing applications, which will disrupt traditional design principles and revolutionize the way we live, interact with our environment, and do business. Regarding potential enabling technologies, 6G will continue to develop towards even higher frequency ranges, wider bandwidths, and massive antenna arrays. In turn, this will enable sensing solutions with very fine range, Doppler, and angular resolutions, as well as localization to cm-level degree of accuracy. Besides, new materials, device types, and reconfigurable surfaces will allow network operators to reshape and control the electromagnetic response of the environment. At the same time, machine learning and artificial intelligence will leverage the unprecedented availability of data and computing resources to tackle the biggest and hardest problems in wireless communication systems. As a result, 6G will be truly intelligent wireless systems that will provide not only ubiquitous communication but also empower high accuracy localization and high-resolution sensing services. They will become the catalyst for this revolution by bringing about a unique new set of features and service capabilities, where localization and sensing will coexist with communication, continuously sharing the available resources in time, frequency, and space. This work concludes by highlighting foundational research challenges, as well as implications and opportunities related to privacy, security, and trust
Convergent communication, sensing and localization in 6g systems: An overview of technologies, opportunities and challenges
Herein, we focus on convergent 6G communication, localization and sensing systems by identifying key technology enablers, discussing their underlying challenges, implementation issues, and recommending potential solutions. Moreover, we discuss exciting new opportunities for integrated localization and sensing applications, which will disrupt traditional design principles and revolutionize the way we live, interact with our environment, and do business. Regarding potential enabling technologies, 6G will continue to develop towards even higher frequency ranges, wider bandwidths, and massive antenna arrays. In turn, this will enable sensing solutions with very fine range, Doppler, and angular resolutions, as well as localization to cm-level degree of accuracy. Besides, new materials, device types, and reconfigurable surfaces will allow network operators to reshape and control the electromagnetic response of the environment. At the same time, machine learning and artificial intelligence will leverage the unprecedented availability of data and computing resources to tackle the biggest and hardest problems in wireless communication systems. As a result, 6G will be truly intelligent wireless systems that will provide not only ubiquitous communication but also empower high accuracy localization and high-resolution sensing services. They will become the catalyst for this revolution by bringing about a unique new set of features and service capabilities, where localization and sensing will coexist with communication, continuously sharing the available resources in time, frequency, and space. This work concludes by highlighting foundational research challenges, as well as implications and opportunities related to privacy, security, and trust
Novel Hybrid-Learning Algorithms for Improved Millimeter-Wave Imaging Systems
Increasing attention is being paid to millimeter-wave (mmWave), 30 GHz to 300
GHz, and terahertz (THz), 300 GHz to 10 THz, sensing applications including
security sensing, industrial packaging, medical imaging, and non-destructive
testing. Traditional methods for perception and imaging are challenged by novel
data-driven algorithms that offer improved resolution, localization, and
detection rates. Over the past decade, deep learning technology has garnered
substantial popularity, particularly in perception and computer vision
applications. Whereas conventional signal processing techniques are more easily
generalized to various applications, hybrid approaches where signal processing
and learning-based algorithms are interleaved pose a promising compromise
between performance and generalizability. Furthermore, such hybrid algorithms
improve model training by leveraging the known characteristics of radio
frequency (RF) waveforms, thus yielding more efficiently trained deep learning
algorithms and offering higher performance than conventional methods. This
dissertation introduces novel hybrid-learning algorithms for improved mmWave
imaging systems applicable to a host of problems in perception and sensing.
Various problem spaces are explored, including static and dynamic gesture
classification; precise hand localization for human computer interaction;
high-resolution near-field mmWave imaging using forward synthetic aperture
radar (SAR); SAR under irregular scanning geometries; mmWave image
super-resolution using deep neural network (DNN) and Vision Transformer (ViT)
architectures; and data-level multiband radar fusion using a novel
hybrid-learning architecture. Furthermore, we introduce several novel
approaches for deep learning model training and dataset synthesis.Comment: PhD Dissertation Submitted to UTD ECE Departmen