437 research outputs found
IP Fast Reroute in Networks with Shared Risk Links
Abstract. IP fast reroute is a mechanism that is used to reroute packets around a failed link as soon as the link fails. Most of the IP fast reroute mechanisms, that have been proposed so far, focus on single or dual link failures but can not handle Shared Risk Link Group (SRLG) failures when several links fail at the same time because of some common underlying component failure. Furthermore, most of current work is based on the assumption that each node in the network has access to some global topology information of the network. In this paper, we present the first IP fast reroute mechanism for SRLG failures that is not based on the assumption that the nodes in the network have global topology information of the network. In our mechanism, nodes in the network use "relay bits" to identify themselves as "relay nodes" for a reroute link in a fully distributed mannner. Through simulation, we show that our mechanism succeeds in rerouting around SRLG failures alomst 100% of the time, with average length of a reroute path about 1.5 times the re-converged shortest path
Exploring the Limits of Static Failover Routing
We present and study the Static-Routing-Resiliency problem, motivated by
routing on the Internet: Given a graph , a unique destination vertex ,
and an integer constant , does there exist a static and destination-based
routing scheme such that the correct delivery of packets from any source to
the destination is guaranteed so long as (1) no more than edges fail
and (2) there exists a physical path from to ? We embark upon a
systematic exploration of this fundamental question in a variety of models
(deterministic routing, randomized routing, with packet-duplication, with
packet-header-rewriting) and present both positive and negative results that
relate the edge-connectivity of a graph, i.e., the minimum number of edges
whose deletion partitions , to its resiliency.Comment: 30 page
Efficient Algorithms to Enhance Recovery Schema in Link State Protocols
With the increasing demands for real-time applications traffic in net- works
such as video and voice a high convergence time for the existing routing
protocols when failure occurred is required. These applications can be very
sensitive to packet loss when link/node goes down. In this paper, we propose
two algorithms schemas for the link state protocol to reroute the traffic in
two states; first, pre-calculated an alternative and disjoint path with the
primary one from the source to the destination by re-routing traffic through
it, regardless of the locations of failure and the number of failed links.
Second, rerouting the traffic via an alternative path from a node whose local
link is down without the need to wait until the source node knows about the
failure. This is achieved by creating a new backup routing table based on the
original routing table which is computed by the dijkstra algorithm. The goal of
these algorithms is to reduce loss of packets, end-to-end delay time, improve
throughput and avoiding local loop when nodes re-converge the topology in case
of failure.Comment: 15 page
Survivability issues in WDM optical networks
WDM optical networks make it possible for the bandwidth of transport networks to reach a level on which any failures would cause tremendous data loss and affect a lot of users. Thus, survivability issues of WDM optical networks have attracted a lot of research work. Within the scope of this dissertation, two categories of problems are studied, one is survivable mapping from IP topology to WDM topology, the other is p-cycle protection schemes in WDM networks.;Survivable mapping problem can be described as routing IP links on the WDM topology such that the IP topology stays connected under any single link failure in the WDM topology. This problem has been proved to be NP-complete [1]. At first, this dissertation provides a heuristic algorithm to compute approximated solutions for input IP/WDM topologies as an approach to ease the hardness of it. Then, it examines the problem with a different view, to augment the IP topology so that a survivable mapping can be easily computed. This new perspective leads to an extended survivable mapping problem that is originally proposed and analyzed in this dissertation. In addition, this dissertation also presents some interesting open problems for the survivable mapping problem as future work.;Various protection schemes in WDM networks have been explored. This dissertation focuses on methods based on the p-cycle technology. p-Cycle protection inherits the merit of fast restoration from the link-based protection technology while yielding higher efficiency on spare capacity usage [2]. In this dissertation, we first propose an efficient heuristic algorithm that generates a small subset of candidate cycles that guarantee 100% restorability and help to achieve an efficient design. Then, we adapt p-cycle design to accommodate the protection of the failure of a shared risk link group (SRLG). At last, we discuss the problem of establishing survivable connections for dynamic traffic demands using flow p-cycle
Comparison of New Solutions in IP Fast Reroute
Currently, network requirements are placed on the efficiency and size of the networks. These conditions can be ensured by modern converged networks that integrate the functions of both data and telecommunication networks. Line or router failures have always been a part of transmission networks, which is no different from converged networks. As a result of outages, which can take from ms to tens of seconds, packets are lost. These outages cause degraded transmission quality, which is undesirable when transmitting real-time multimedia services (Voice over IP, video). To solve the mentioned problems, the IETF organization has developed IP Fast Reroute mechanisms to minimise the time to restore the connection after a line or node failure and, consequently, less packet loss.
The article reviews and compares the latest IP Fast Reroute mechanisms deployed in the last three years. First, we have Optimistic Fast Rerouting, which calculates optimistic and fallback scenarios. The second is Post-processing Fast Reroute, which decomposes the network according to metrics such as load and route length. Third, Local Fast Reroute focused on low congestion and random access
Demand Engineering: IP Network Optimisation Through Intelligent Demand Placement
Traffic engineering has been used in IP and MPLS networks for a number of
years as a tool for making more efficient use of capacity by explicitly routing
traffic demands where there is available network capacity that would otherwise
be unused. Deployment of traffic engineering imposes an additional layer of
complexity to network design and operations, however, which has constrained its
adoption for capacity optimisation. The rise of Software Defined Networks has
renewed interest in the use of traffic engineering approaches leveraging
centralised network controllers for capacity optimisation. We argue that future
networks can realise the network optimisation benefits of traffic engineering
without incurring additional network complexity through closer coupling between
the network and the applications and services using the network. This can be
achieved through leveraging a network- and traffic-aware controller to directly
influence where applications and services site or locate service instances,
i.e. which implicitly impacts the paths that the applications or services
traffic demands take through the network. We call this technique Demand
Engineering. Demand Engineering has the additional benefit of providing an
admission control capability, i.e. which can provide an assurance that network
SLAs can be met. In this paper we describe the concept of Demand Engineering,
give examples of its use and present simulation results indicating its
potential benefits. We also compare demand engineering to traffic engineering
An efficient pre-computed backup path on the IGP network communication
Currently, data communication during heavy traffic transmission on the network suffers from node failures. A failure in the network is required to be restored by the routing protocols in the networks. Traditional routing protocols schemes normally compute a routing table which contains all paths between all nodes on the network. Hence, the data packets will be passed via the single shortest path which is the best path between each source and destination. In this paper, a pre-computed alternate path is introduced to assist the congested networks to continue passing the data packets from its source to the final destination once failure occurs. The proposed alternative routing table (ART) algorithm aims to re-route the traffic through a backup route when the primary path has failed. We have evaluated the performance of the proposed scheme with OSPF routing protocol through NS2 simulator. The results show that packet losses, rerouting and end to end delay times of the proposed methods are substantially improved
Analysis, Review and Optimization of SONET/SDH Technology for today and future aspects
Network layers are analyzed for their design and issues of researches, while
dense wavelength division multiplexing equipment has been deployed in networks
of major telecommunications carriers for a long time, the efficiency of
networking and relation with network control and management have not caught up
to those of digital cross-connect systems and packet-switched counterparts in
higher layer networks
- …