Patient-Specific Implants in Musculoskeletal (Orthopedic) Surgery

Most of the treatments in medicine are patient specific, aren’t they? So why should we bother with individualizing implants if we adapt our therapy to patients anyway? Looking at the neighboring field of oncologic treatment, you would not question the fact that individualization of tumor therapy with personalized antibodies has led to the thriving of this field in terms of success in patient survival and positive responses to alternatives for conventional treatments. Regarding the latest cutting-edge developments in orthopedic surgery and biotechnology, including new imaging techniques and 3D-printing of bone substitutes as well as implants, we do have an armamentarium available to stimulate the race for innovation in medicine. This Special Issue of Journal of Personalized Medicine will gather all relevant new and developed techniques already in clinical practice. Examples include the developments in revision arthroplasty and tumor (pelvic replacement) surgery to recreate individual defects, individualized implants for primary arthroplasty to establish physiological joint kinematics, and personalized implants in fracture treatment, to name but a few

HEREDITARILY ODD–EVEN AND COMBINATORIAL ISOLS

In this paper we study some of the arithmetic structure that is found in a special kind of semi-ring in the isols. These are the semi-rings [D(Y), +, ·] that were introduced by J.C.E. Dekker, and that were later shown by E. Ellentuck to model the true universal recursive statements of arithmetic when Y is a regressive isol and is hyper-torre ( = hereditarily odd-even = HOE). When Y is regressive and HOE, we further reflect on the structure of D(Y). In addition, a new variety of regressive isol is introduced, called combinatorial. When Y is such an isol, then it is also HOE, and more, and the arithmetic of D(Y) is shown to have a richer structure. 1. Introduction. One of the nice directions in the theory of isols deals with modelling familiar arithmetic properties of the nonnegative integers in collections of isols. In this paper we continue in that direction. We study two particular propertie