Energy regeneration from suspension dynamic modes and self-powered actuation

Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works.This paper concerns energy harvesting from vehicle suspension systems. The generated power associated with bounce, pitch and roll modes of vehicle dynamics is determined through analysis. The potential values of power generation from these three modes are calculated. Next, experiments are carried out using a vehicle with a four jack shaker rig to validate the analytical values of potential power harvest. For the considered vehicle, maximum theoretical power values of 1.1kW, 0.88kW and 0.97kW are associated with the bounce, pitch and roll modes, respectively, at 20 Hz excitation frequency and peak to peak displacement amplitude of 5 mm at each wheel, as applied by the shaker. The corresponding experimentally power values are 0.98kW, 0.74kW and 0.78kW. An experimental rig is also developed to study the behavior of regenerative actuators in generating electrical power from kinetic energy. This rig represents a quarter-vehicle suspension model where the viscous damper in the shock absorber system is replaced by a regenerative system. The rig is able to demonstrate the actual electrical power that can be harvested using a regenerative system. The concept of self-powered actuation using the harvested energy from suspension is discussed with regard to applications of self-powered vibration control. The effect of suspension energy regeneration on ride comfort and road handling is presented in conjunction with energy harvesting associated with random road excitations.Peer reviewedFinal Accepted Versio

Advances in Mechanical Systems Dynamics 2020

The fundamentals of mechanical system dynamics were established before the beginning of the industrial era. The 18th century was a very important time for science and was characterized by the development of classical mechanics. This development progressed in the 19th century, and new, important applications related to industrialization were found and studied. The development of computers in the 20th century revolutionized mechanical system dynamics owing to the development of numerical simulation. We are now in the presence of the fourth industrial revolution. Mechanical systems are increasingly integrated with electrical, fluidic, and electronic systems, and the industrial environment has become characterized by the cyber-physical systems of industry 4.0. Within this framework, the status-of-the-art has become represented by integrated mechanical systems and supported by accurate dynamic models able to predict their dynamic behavior. Therefore, mechanical systems dynamics will play a central role in forthcoming years. This Special Issue aims to disseminate the latest research findings and ideas in the field of mechanical systems dynamics, with particular emphasis on novel trends and applications

Improving ride comfort for vibratory roller utilizing semi-active hydraulic cab mounts with control optimization

Hydraulic mounts can provide a better vibration attenuation performance than elastomeric mounts especially in the low frequency range. However, it is incapable of providing a response-dependent damper for the mount system to improve the ride comfort. In this study, a semi-active hydraulic cab mount (SHM) with control optimization was designed to improve ride comfort for the heavy vibratory roller. And a 7-DOF non-linear dynamic model of the vehicle was established for evaluation of the performance of hydraulic cab mounts based on different control optimization algorithms. To simulate roughness height the ISO level D road surface and deformed soil model were employed under the compaction work condition. The optimization study for two performance objectives as measured by responses of the vertical driver’s seat and cab pitch angle was carried out. It was shown that the SHM optimized by the fuzzy logic and proportional, integral, derivative controller methods (FLC-PID) giving best optimum values of the objective vector as compare to by multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA) and PID controller based on genetic algorithm (GA-PID)

Dynamics and Control of an Electric Power Assist Steering System

In this thesis an Active Disturbance Rejection Controller (ADRC) is applied to Electrical Power Assist Steering (EPAS) system which assists the driver in steering the steering wheel of an automobile. Our control objective is to reduce the steering torque exerted by a driver, so that good steering feel of the driver will be achieved in the presence of external disturbances and system uncertainties which are very common in the EPAS system. The robustness and stability of ADRC controlled EPAS system is investigated through frequency-domain analyses. The Bode diagrams and stability margins demonstrate that the control system is stable during the operation and it is robust against external disturbances and structural uncertainties. In addition, the ADRC is simulated on a column-type EPAS system. The simulation results show that using the proposed ADRC, the driver can turn the steering wheel with the desired steering torque, which is independent of load torques that tend to vary with the change of driving condition

More Electric Landing Gear Actuation Study

This report addresses the problem of landing gear actuation system design on more-electric aircraft (MEA). Firstly, information about more-electric aircraft and more-electric actuators was gathered and sorted. Current more-electric landing actuation system applications and researches were also summarized. Then several possible more-electric landing gear actuation concepts were identified. To evaluate these concepts, the case study method has been used. A concept aircraft “MRT7-T”, which has similar maximum takeoff weight to that of Boeing 787, has been chosen as the design case. Systems of different configurations and architectures were designed for this aircraft. In the end of this study, a comparison between different more-electric landing gear actuation systems, and also with traditional central hydraulic system was made. The best concept was proposed. More-electric actuation technology has made considerable progress in the last two decades. However, most of the applications and researches have focused on flight control actuation and brakes. Using more-electric drives for landing gear actuation has been well known to be difficult, for the reason of massive power needs and difficulties in achieving redundancy levels. Famous more-electric research projects like POA and Power-By-Wire only gave recommendation of using electro-hydrostatic actuators (EHA) in landing gear actuation. And no further information is available to the public. In this study, DHS (distributed hydraulic system), EHA (electro-hydrostatic actuator) and EMA (electro-mechanical actuator) were identified as candidate solutions. Design requirements such as retraction time, load and redundancy levels were derived through analysis. As a unique feature, landing gear kinematics concepts were also subject to optimization. Various kinematics concepts were proposed and analyzed in detail, to provide favorable loading and geometrical conditions for the systems. Kinematics design guidelines were built through discussion. Different motors such as AC induction motor, BDCM (brushless DC motor) and PMSM (permanent magnetic synchronous motor) were evaluated for use. Different system architectures were also explored. The multi-discipline optimization method has been extensively used in the design process of the systems. Firstly, each node of the actuation systems was optimized. Then optimizations were made to the systems. Performances of each system were analyzed in several aspects such as weight, power, reliability and maintenance. Comparison of different systems was made through scoring method. The results suggested that DHS, EHA and EMA are all applicable for landing gear actuation. And isolated EHA is the best

Enhancing the ride comfort of the off-road vibratory roller cab by adding damper hydraulic mount

In order to improve the vibratory roller’s ride comfort, a 3-D nonlinear dynamic model of the vehicle interacting with the off-road terrain is established. A damper hydraulic mount is studied and combined with the cab’s rubber mounts to simulate and evaluate the performance of the ride comfort. The weighted RMS acceleration responses of the vertical driver’s seat, the cab’s pitch and roll angle are chosen as objective functions. The results show that the cab’s rubber mounts combined with the damper hydraulic mount are clearly improved the ride comfort under various operating conditions. Especially, with damping coefficients cc3,4= 1.8 kN.s.m-1, the weighted RMS values of the vertical driver’s seat, the cab’s pitch and roll angle are greatly reduced by 27.8 %, 22.7 % and 64.3 % in condition of the vehicle traveling, and by 23.8 %, 20.0 % and 63.7 % in condition of the vehicle compacting on an elastic-plastic terrain

Development of cab isolation systems of off-road vibratory rollers: review research

To have an overview of the research and development processes of the cab isolation system of the off-road vibratory rollers, this paper represents the researches of the various isolation systems based on the previously studied and published results. The result has shown that the ride comfort is mainly improved by the cab isolation system used the semi-active hydraulic mounts. The paper results can provide the overall view of the vibration studies of the off-road vibratory rollers

Advances of Italian Machine Design

This 2028 Special Issue presents recent developments and achievements in the field of Mechanism and Machine Science coming from the Italian community with international collaborations and ranging from theoretical contributions to experimental and practical applications. It contains selected contributions that were accepted for presentation at the Second International Conference of IFToMM Italy, IFIT2018, that has been held in Cassino on 29 and 30 November 2018. This IFIT conference is the second event of a series that was established in 2016 by IFToMM Italy in Vicenza. IFIT was established to bring together researchers, industry professionals and students, from the Italian and the international community in an intimate, collegial and stimulating environment

Experimental and Numerical Analysis of Soil-Geosynthetic Composite for a Geosynthetic-Reinforced Roadway System

The present research conducted tests to evaluate the reinforcing performance of geosynthetics including three geogrids (GG1, GG2, and GG3) and one geotextile (GT) for three different soil types – sand, clay, and red shale. All geosynthetics showed great improvement under the lowest confining pressure. The report concluded that between the Large-Scale Direct Shear test, the Large-Scale Pullout Box, and the FLAC simulation, the three geogrids showed the greatest improvement when conducted with sand. The sand could withstand a much greater normal pressure than either clay or red shale. The biaxial geogrids, GG1 and GG3, had ideal results for lower stress application. The clay showed that while not one geosynthetic was clearly better than another, the geotextile produced the best results at low pressure. The red shale showed that generally the three geogrids worked better, specifically GG2 and GG3 with their smaller aperture size. Advisors: Jongwan Eun and Seunghee Ki

Experimental study and numerical simulation of the large-scale testing of polymeric composite journal bearings: two-dimensional modeling and validation

The self-lubricating properties of some polymeric materials make them very valuable in bearing applications, where the lubrication is difficult or impossible. Composite bearings combine the self-lubricating properties of polymeric materials with better mechanical and thermal properties of the fibers. At present, there are few studies about these bearings and their design is mainly based on manufacturers' experiences. This study includes an experimental and numerical study of the large-scale testing of fiber-reinforced polymeric composite bearings. In the first part of this article, a new tribological test setup for large composite bearings is demonstrated. Besides, a two-dimensional finite-element model is developed in order to study the stress distribution in the composite bearing and kinematics of the test setup. A mixed Lagrangian-Eulerian formulation is used to simulate the rotation of the shaft and the contact between the composite bearing and the shaft. Simulation results correspond closely to the experimental data, and provide careful investigation of the stress distribution in the bearing. In the second part of this article, three-dimensional quasi-static and two-dimensional dynamic models are studied