Ocean Energy in Belgium - 2019

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Wind generation forecasting methods and proliferation of artificial neural network:A review of five years research trend

To sustain a clean environment by reducing fossil fuels-based energies and increasing the integration of renewable-based energy sources, i.e., wind and solar power, have become the national policy for many countries. The increasing demand for renewable energy sources, such as wind, has created interest in the economic and technical issues related to the integration into the power grids. Having an intermittent nature and wind generation forecasting is a crucial aspect of ensuring the optimum grid control and design in power plants. Accurate forecasting provides essential information to empower grid operators and system designers in generating an optimal wind power plant, and to balance the power supply and demand. In this paper, we present an extensive review of wind forecasting methods and the artificial neural network (ANN) prolific in this regard. The instrument used to measure wind assimilation is analyzed and discussed, accurately, in studies that were published from May 1st, 2014 to May 1st, 2018. The results of the review demonstrate the increased application of ANN into wind power generation forecasting. Considering the component limitation of other systems, the trend of deploying the ANN and its hybrid systems are more attractive than other individual methods. The review further revealed that high forecasting accuracy could be achieved through proper handling and calibration of the wind-forecasting instrument and method

Modeling, Simulation and Optimization of Wind Farms and Hybrid Systems

The reduction of greenhouse gas emissions is a major governmental goal worldwide. The main target, hopefully by 2050, is to move away from fossil fuels in the electricity sector and then switch to clean power to fuel transportation, buildings and industry. This book discusses important issues in the expanding field of wind farm modeling and simulation as well as the optimization of hybrid and micro-grid systems. Section I deals with modeling and simulation of wind farms for efficient, reliable and cost-effective optimal solutions. Section II tackles the optimization of hybrid wind/PV and renewable energy-based smart micro-grid systems

The development of integrated navigation systems and their impact on navigational safety

There are limitations in accuracy in using operational navigational aids separately. The aim of this study is to construct an integration model of high accuracy that can be used on board merchant ships in order to Improve navigational safety. The study examines the theoretical concepts and benefits of an integrated navigation position fixing scheme. In particular, the study concentrats on the aspect of Integration between two radio navigational positioning fixing systems; GPS which is used as the prime source, and Loran-C which is used as the back-up system. The integration between these two systems will be developed in a manner which produces a hybrid receiver. The study also examines the types of errors and classes of accuracy measures. In addition to the integration between GPS and Loran-C the study deals with the design of a navigational system which Includes most essential marine navigation sensors and systems within the hybrid Loran-C/GPS system in order to provide a high level of performance over the widest possible area on board merchant ships. Special attention is paid in chapter Five to the problems encountered in congested waters, especially in the Gulf of Suez (GOS). This chapter discusses with the problems and difficulties of safe of navigation in the GOS, in addition to traffic separation schemes (TSS) and vessel traffic services CVTS). The chapter examines how the proposed system can ensure the safe movement of vessels passing the GOS. In chapter six, a brief look is taken of present methods of Maritime Education and Training (MET), and the effect of simulators in all fields of MET. Finally, a number of recommendations are made concerning the need for a hybrid Loran-C/GPS system, the need to establish a Loran-C system in Egypt, and the need to upgrade all kinds of marine services in the GOS

A review of non-destructive testing on wind turbines blades

Wind energy, with an exponential growth in the last years, is nowadays one of the most important renewable energy sources. Modern wind turbines are bigger and complex to produce more energy. This industry requires to reduce its operating and maintenance costs and to increase its reliability, safety, maintainability and availability. Condition monitoring systems are beginning to be employed for this purpose. They must be reliable and cost-effective to reduce the long periods of downtimes and high maintenance costs, and to avoid catastrophic scenarios caused by undetected failures. This paper presents a survey about the most important and updated condition monitoring techniques based on non-destructive testing and methods applied to wind turbine blades. In addition, it analyses the future trends and challenges of structural health monitoring systems in wind turbine blades.Wind energy, with an exponential growth in the last years, is nowadays one of the most important renewable energy sources. Modern wind turbines are bigger and complex to produce more energy. This industry requires to reduce its operating and maintenance costs and to increase its reliability, safety, maintainability and availability. Condition monitoring systems are beginning to be employed for this purpose. They must be reliable and cost-effective to reduce the long periods of downtimes and high maintenance costs, and to avoid catastrophic scenarios caused by undetected failures. This paper presents a survey about the most important and updated condition monitoring techniques based on non-destructive testing and methods applied to wind turbine blades. In addition, it analyses the future trends and challenges of structural health monitoring systems in wind turbine blades

Ethics and taxation : a cross-national comparison of UK and Turkish firms

This paper investigates responses to tax related ethical issues facing busines