520 research outputs found
Mooring the global archive: a Japanese ship and its migrant histories
Martin Dusinberre follows the Yamashiro-maru steamship across Asian and Pacific waters in an innovative history of Japan's engagement with the outside world in the late-nineteenth century. His compelling in-depth analysis reconstructs the lives of some of the thousands of male and female migrants who left Japan for work in Hawai'i, Southeast Asia and Australia. These stories bring together transpacific historiographies of settler colonialism, labour history and resource extraction in new ways. Drawing on an unconventional and deeply material archive, from gravestones to government files, paintings to song, and from digitized records to the very earth itself, Dusinberre addresses key questions of method and authorial positionality in the writing of global history. This engaging investigation into archival practice asks, what is the global archive, where is it cited, and who are 'we' as we cite it? This title is also available as Open Access
Graphonomics and your Brain on Art, Creativity and Innovation : Proceedings of the 19th International Graphonomics Conference (IGS 2019 â Your Brain on Art)
[Italiano]: âGrafonomia e cervello su arte, creativitĂ e innovazioneâ.
Un forum internazionale per discutere sui recenti progressi nell'interazione tra arti creative, neuroscienze, ingegneria, comunicazione, tecnologia, industria, istruzione, design, applicazioni forensi e mediche. I contributi hanno esaminato lo stato dell'arte, identificando sfide e opportunitĂ , e hanno delineato le possibili linee di sviluppo di questo settore di ricerca. I temi affrontati includono: strategie integrate per la comprensione dei sistemi neurali, affettivi e cognitivi in ambienti realistici e complessi; individualitĂ e differenziazione dal punto di vista neurale e comportamentale; neuroaesthetics (uso delle neuroscienze per spiegare e comprendere le esperienze estetiche a livello neurologico); creativitĂ e innovazione; neuro-ingegneria e arte ispirata dal cervello, creativitĂ e uso di dispositivi di mobile brain-body imaging (MoBI) indossabili; terapia basata su arte creativa; apprendimento informale; formazione; applicazioni forensi. / [English]: âGraphonomics and your brain on art, creativity and innovationâ.
A single track, international forum for discussion on recent advances at the intersection of the creative arts, neuroscience, engineering, media, technology, industry, education, design, forensics, and medicine.
The contributions reviewed the state of the art, identified challenges and opportunities and created a roadmap for the field of graphonomics and your brain on art.
The topics addressed include: integrative strategies for understanding neural, affective and cognitive systems in realistic, complex environments; neural and behavioral individuality and variation; neuroaesthetics (the use of neuroscience to explain and understand the aesthetic experiences at the neurological level); creativity and innovation; neuroengineering and brain-inspired art, creative concepts and wearable mobile brain-body imaging (MoBI) designs; creative art therapy; informal learning; education; forensics
Representing Reactive attachment disorder in contemporary fiction: creating new paths for neurodiverse characters
The first element of this work is a novel titled June in the Garden, which follows a neurodiverse protagonist with a diagnosis of reactive attachment disorder. The next section of the exegesis will provide insight into her atypical profile, particularly her traits of social disinhibition, an absence of emotion, affected cognitive processing and reasoning skills, and an inability to initiate and maintain relationships with others. The second element will include two parts: (1) a critical analysis of key diagnostic terms used in the clinical field to describe disorders relating to social-emotional detachment and disengagement, specifically reactive attachment disorder (RAD); (2) discussions on the current depiction of social-emotional detachment and, more broadly, of neurodiversity in contemporary fiction. This second part will argue that the two main pathways to depict a detachment disorder, like RAD, is heterogeneous characterisation, defined by common patterns that are exhibited in the novels selected, and typography, defined by unconventional text arrangement or a presence of visuals on the printed page. Aspects of typography will include deconstruction of the standard print form to allow for creative formatting, such as increased spacing, incomplete sentences, blank pages, and bolding of words. Another aspect will include the addition of specific visuals, such as conceptual word sharks (The Raw Shark Texts, Steven Hall, 2007), black and white photographs (Extremely Loud and Incredibly Close, Jonathan Safran Foer, 2005), and mathematical formulas and blueprints (The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time, Mark Haddon, 2003).
These two methods, heterogeneous characterisation and typography, will explain my creative process for developing a neurodiverse protagonist, showing connections between my work and the work of other fiction writers. However, primarily this research will convey a new pathway for an atypical protagonist with a disorder relatively unknown in the wider community, to recontextualise the presentation of social-emotional detachment in fiction. I also hope to highlight the gaps in RAD research, particularly at the adult level, and to show how RAD can be portrayed realistically in a contemporary novel, without being too âgimmickyâ
A Vietnamese Handwritten Text Recognition Pipeline for Tetanus Medical Records
Machine learning techniques are successful for optical character recognition tasks, especially in recognizing handwriting. However, recognizing Vietnamese handwriting is challenging with the presence of extra six distinctive tonal symbols and vowels. Such a challenge is amplified given the handwriting of health workers in an emergency care setting, where staff is under constant pressure to record the well-being of patients. In this study, we aim to digitize the handwriting of Vietnamese health workers. We develop a complete handwritten text recognition pipeline that receives scanned documents, detects, and enhances the handwriting text areas of interest, transcribes the images into computer text, and finally auto-corrects invalid words and terms to achieve high accuracy. From experiments with medical documents written by 30 doctors and nurses from the Tetanus Emergency Care unit at the Hospital for Tropical Diseases, we obtain promising results of 2% and 12% for Character Error Rate and Word Error Rate, respectively
Few shot font generation via transferring similarity guided global style and quantization local style
Automatic few-shot font generation (AFFG), aiming at generating new fonts
with only a few glyph references, reduces the labor cost of manually designing
fonts. However, the traditional AFFG paradigm of style-content disentanglement
cannot capture the diverse local details of different fonts. So, many
component-based approaches are proposed to tackle this problem. The issue with
component-based approaches is that they usually require special pre-defined
glyph components, e.g., strokes and radicals, which is infeasible for AFFG of
different languages. In this paper, we present a novel font generation approach
by aggregating styles from character similarity-guided global features and
stylized component-level representations. We calculate the similarity scores of
the target character and the referenced samples by measuring the distance along
the corresponding channels from the content features, and assigning them as the
weights for aggregating the global style features. To better capture the local
styles, a cross-attention-based style transfer module is adopted to transfer
the styles of reference glyphs to the components, where the components are
self-learned discrete latent codes through vector quantization without manual
definition. With these designs, our AFFG method could obtain a complete set of
component-level style representations, and also control the global glyph
characteristics. The experimental results reflect the effectiveness and
generalization of the proposed method on different linguistic scripts, and also
show its superiority when compared with other state-of-the-art methods. The
source code can be found at https://github.com/awei669/VQ-Font.Comment: Accepted by ICCV 202
A new framework for assessing the sans serif in nineteenth-century printed ephemera: Birmingham and Bridgnorth case-studies
The contemporary revival of Grotesque typefaces highlights the prevailing popularity of sans serif printing types across a 200-year history. This thesis investigates the extent to which early sans serif typography was used in advertising by provincial jobbing printers; and presents a new narrative that reveals the history underpinning its cultural connotations. The literature of ephemera studies informed a new methodology that tracks the ascendancy of the sans serif both in terms of its frequency of use and its position within the typographic hierarchy of printed ephemera. To analyse its usage, the sans serif was aligned to the categories of âCommercial Lifeâ, âInformationâ and âInstructionâ: to educate the emergent working and middle classes; to communicate through new forms of information design; and to measure its visual impact.
In the rapidly expanding industrial towns of the Midlands, the deployment of Grotesque sans serifs was widespread. Contrary to the negative reception the sans serif received from nineteenth-century print historians, such as Thomas Curson Hansard, between 1816 and 1851, it was embraced commercially by Birminghamâs 693 jobbing printers. Surviving printed ephemera was used to build historical case studies based on the industrial towns of Birmingham and Bridgnorth. From analysis of data from the British Book Trade Index (BBTI), these independent case-studies, represented two vibrant print centres in the Midlands. These towns were diverse in their industries and were identified to represent print activity within a primary case-study of an industrial metropolis, and a secondary study of a rural market town built on its river traffic. A Typefounders handlist of sans serif types evidences the scale of production of new display faces, demonstrating the rapid economy in the supply and demand for printing types. In their use of the new display typefaces, local printers contributed to advancement of typographic composition for printed ephemera.
The new methodology presented combines three approaches for the interrogation of typography in printed ephemera. Firstly, the class of document type that sans serif printing types were used in, shows if there was a bias towards a particular class of document, and how the sans serif contributed to the development of new forms of printed information and typographic compositions. Secondly, themes and categories were identified based on the textual content of the documents, showing how it was used and what it was used for. Finally, measuring the percentage of sans serif types and their position in the visual hierarchy showed how the sans serif was used within the typographic composition, and how it increased in popularity over time. In combination these approaches form a new methodology for other historians working with typography in printed ephemera.
The rise of the sans serif reflected wider changes in society, and forms part of the identity of emergent middle and working classes. These cultural associations being transferred respectively through the progression of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The sans serif was the face of âCommercial Lifeâ, âInformationâ and âInstructionâ but most significantly it was a typeface for the people
CAPTCHA Types and Breaking Techniques: Design Issues, Challenges, and Future Research Directions
The proliferation of the Internet and mobile devices has resulted in
malicious bots access to genuine resources and data. Bots may instigate
phishing, unauthorized access, denial-of-service, and spoofing attacks to
mention a few. Authentication and testing mechanisms to verify the end-users
and prohibit malicious programs from infiltrating the services and data are
strong defense systems against malicious bots. Completely Automated Public
Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart (CAPTCHA) is an authentication
process to confirm that the user is a human hence, access is granted. This
paper provides an in-depth survey on CAPTCHAs and focuses on two main things:
(1) a detailed discussion on various CAPTCHA types along with their advantages,
disadvantages, and design recommendations, and (2) an in-depth analysis of
different CAPTCHA breaking techniques. The survey is based on over two hundred
studies on the subject matter conducted since 2003 to date. The analysis
reinforces the need to design more attack-resistant CAPTCHAs while keeping
their usability intact. The paper also highlights the design challenges and
open issues related to CAPTCHAs. Furthermore, it also provides useful
recommendations for breaking CAPTCHAs
Materials of Culture: Approaches to Materials in Cultural Studies
While the so-called material turn in the humanities and the social sciences has inspired a vibrant discourse on objects, things, and the concept of materiality in general, less attention has been paid to materials, particularly in cultural studies scholarship. With each of its chapters taking a particular material as its point of departure, this volume offers a palette of fresh approaches to materials within the realm of cultural studies. The contributors call for a materials-based perspective on culture, which has become all the more pertinent in times of climate change, energy crisis, conflict, migration, and the lingering coronavirus pandemic
Novel Heuristic Recurrent Neural Network Framework to Handle Automatic Telugu Text Categorization from Handwritten Text Image
In the near future, the digitization and processing of the current paper documents describe efficient role in the creation of a paperless environment. Deep learning techniques for handwritten recognition have been extensively studied by various researchers. Deep neural networks can be trained quickly thanks to a lot of data and other algorithmic advancements. Various methods for extracting text from handwritten manuscripts have been developed in literature. To extract features from written Telugu Text image having some other neural network approaches like convolution neural network (CNN), recurrent neural networks (RNN), long short-term memory (LSTM). Different deep learning related approaches are widely used to identification of handwritten Telugu Text; various techniques are used in literature for the identification of Telugu Text from documents. For automatic identification of Telugu written script efficiently to eliminate noise and other semantic features present in Telugu Text, in this paper, proposes Novel Heuristic Advanced Neural Network based Telugu Text Categorization Model (NHANNTCM) based on sequence-to-sequence feature extraction procedure. Proposed approach extracts the features using RNN and then represents Telugu Text in sequence-to-sequence format for the identification advanced neural network performs both encoding and decoding to identify and explore visual features from sequence of Telugu Text in input data. The classification accuracy rates for Telugu words, Telugu numerals, Telugu characters, Telugu sentences, and the corresponding Telugu sentences were 99.66%, 93.63%, 91.36%, 99.05%, and 97.73% consequently. Experimental evaluation describe extracted with revealed which are textured i.e. TENG shown considerable operations in applications such as private information protection, security defense, and personal handwriting signature identification
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