A Review of the Energy Efficient and Secure Multicast Routing Protocols for Mobile Ad hoc Networks

This paper presents a thorough survey of recent work addressing energy efficient multicast routing protocols and secure multicast routing protocols in Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs). There are so many issues and solutions which witness the need of energy management and security in ad hoc wireless networks. The objective of a multicast routing protocol for MANETs is to support the propagation of data from a sender to all the receivers of a multicast group while trying to use the available bandwidth efficiently in the presence of frequent topology changes. Multicasting can improve the efficiency of the wireless link when sending multiple copies of messages by exploiting the inherent broadcast property of wireless transmission. Secure multicast routing plays a significant role in MANETs. However, offering energy efficient and secure multicast routing is a difficult and challenging task. In recent years, various multicast routing protocols have been proposed for MANETs. These protocols have distinguishing features and use different mechanismsComment: 15 page

Secure Routing in Wireless Mesh Networks

Wireless mesh networks (WMNs) have emerged as a promising concept to meet the challenges in next-generation networks such as providing flexible, adaptive, and reconfigurable architecture while offering cost-effective solutions to the service providers. Unlike traditional Wi-Fi networks, with each access point (AP) connected to the wired network, in WMNs only a subset of the APs are required to be connected to the wired network. The APs that are connected to the wired network are called the Internet gateways (IGWs), while the APs that do not have wired connections are called the mesh routers (MRs). The MRs are connected to the IGWs using multi-hop communication. The IGWs provide access to conventional clients and interconnect ad hoc, sensor, cellular, and other networks to the Internet. However, most of the existing routing protocols for WMNs are extensions of protocols originally designed for mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) and thus they perform sub-optimally. Moreover, most routing protocols for WMNs are designed without security issues in mind, where the nodes are all assumed to be honest. In practical deployment scenarios, this assumption does not hold. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of security issues in WMNs and then particularly focuses on secure routing in these networks. First, it identifies security vulnerabilities in the medium access control (MAC) and the network layers. Various possibilities of compromising data confidentiality, data integrity, replay attacks and offline cryptanalysis are also discussed. Then various types of attacks in the MAC and the network layers are discussed. After enumerating the various types of attacks on the MAC and the network layer, the chapter briefly discusses on some of the preventive mechanisms for these attacks.Comment: 44 pages, 17 figures, 5 table

Performance Analysis of On-Demand Routing Protocols in Wireless Mesh Networks

Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) have recently gained a lot of popularity due to their rapid deployment and instant communication capabilities. WMNs are dynamically self-organizing, self-configuring and self-healing with the nodes in the network automatically establishing an adiej hoc network and preserving the mesh connectivity. Designing a routing protocol for WMNs requires several aspects to consider, such as wireless networks, fixed applications, mobile applications, scalability, better performance metrics, efficient routing within infrastructure, load balancing, throughput enhancement, interference, robustness etc. To support communication, various routing protocols are designed for various networks (e.g. ad hoc, sensor, wired etc.). However, all these protocols are not suitable for WMNs, because of the architectural differences among the networks. In this paper, a detailed simulation based performance study and analysis is performed on the reactive routing protocols to verify the suitability of these protocols over such kind of networks. Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV), Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) and Dynamic MANET On-demand (DYMO) routing protocol are considered as the representative of reactive routing protocols. The performance differentials are investigated using varying traffic load and number of source. Based on the simulation results, how the performance of each protocol can be improved is also recommended.Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs), IEEE 802.11s, AODV, DSR, DYMO

Security and Privacy Issues in Wireless Mesh Networks: A Survey

This book chapter identifies various security threats in wireless mesh network (WMN). Keeping in mind the critical requirement of security and user privacy in WMNs, this chapter provides a comprehensive overview of various possible attacks on different layers of the communication protocol stack for WMNs and their corresponding defense mechanisms. First, it identifies the security vulnerabilities in the physical, link, network, transport, application layers. Furthermore, various possible attacks on the key management protocols, user authentication and access control protocols, and user privacy preservation protocols are presented. After enumerating various possible attacks, the chapter provides a detailed discussion on various existing security mechanisms and protocols to defend against and wherever possible prevent the possible attacks. Comparative analyses are also presented on the security schemes with regards to the cryptographic schemes used, key management strategies deployed, use of any trusted third party, computation and communication overhead involved etc. The chapter then presents a brief discussion on various trust management approaches for WMNs since trust and reputation-based schemes are increasingly becoming popular for enforcing security in wireless networks. A number of open problems in security and privacy issues for WMNs are subsequently discussed before the chapter is finally concluded.Comment: 62 pages, 12 figures, 6 tables. This chapter is an extension of the author's previous submission in arXiv submission: arXiv:1102.1226. There are some text overlaps with the previous submissio

Analisis Implementasi Hybrid Wireless Mesh Network Berbasis Standart IEEE 802.11s Menggunakan Protokol Routing OLSR dan AODV

ABSTRAKSI: Wireless Mesh Network (WMN) adalah jaringan komunikasi terdiri dari node radio yang dipasang dengan topologi mesh. Jaringan wireless mesh sering Terdiri dari klien mesh, mesh dan router gateway. WMN merupakan trend baru dalam komunikasi wireless yang menjanjikan fleksibilitas tinggi, kehandalan, dan perfoma. WMN memiliki kelebihan-kelebihan, seperti self-organized dan self-configured, dengan kata lain dapat membuat dan menjaga konektivitasnya apabila terjadi kerusakan pada salah satu node. Selain itu jaringan wireless mesh dikenal juga dengan sifat self-healing, yaitu bagaimana jaringan ini memungkinkan untuk dapat melakukan re-routing maupun usaha lain untuk menjaga jaringannya tetap reliable.Pada Tugas Akhir ini diimplementasikan Hybrid WMN dengan menggunakan protocol routing Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR) dan Ad hoc On Demand Distance Vector (AODV). Perangkat yang digunakan berupa wireless station sebagai mesh client dan wireless router sebagai mesh router. Untuk membangun sistem WMN, mesh router harus dimodifikasi dengan menggunkan firmware DD-WRT dan OpenWRT.Hasil dari penelitian ini memperoleh perbandingan antara WMN dengan protokol routing OLSR dan AODV. Untuk kemampuan self-organizing, OLSR lebih unggul dengan waktu respon rata-rata 18.85487 detik dibandingkan AODV yang mendapat 35.2240 detik. Untuk kemampuan self-healing, protokol routing OLSR lebih unggul dengan waktu respon 26.4306 detik dibandingkan dengan AODV yang mendapatkan 35.2 detik. Dan untuk performansi QoS berdasarkan jarak, OLSR mengalami penurunan rata-rata throughput sebesar 21.155%, kenaikan packet loss sebesar 16.093%, kenaikan delay sebesar 48.6387%, dan kenaiakan jitter sebesar 61.70%. Sedangkan pada AODV mengalami penurunan rata-rata throughput sebesar 23.92%, kenaikan packet loss sebesar 21.614%, kenaikan delay sebesar 52.67%, dan kenaiakan jitter sebesar 56.98%.Kata Kunci : WMN, OLSR, AODV, Self-organizing, Self-healing, QoSABSTRACT: Wireless Mesh Network (WMN) is a communications network made up of radio nodes are fitted with mesh topology. Wireless mesh networks often consist of mesh clients, mesh routers and gateways. WMN is a new trend in wireless communications that promise high flexibility, reliability, and performance. WMN has certain advantages, such as self-organized and self-configured, in other words to create and maintain connectivity in the event of damage to one node. In addition wireless mesh networks, also known as self-healing properties, that is how the network makes it possible to be able to perform re-routing as well as other way to keep their networks remain reliableAt this final project, Hybrid WMN implemented by using routing protocol Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR) and Ad hoc On Demand Distance Vector (AODV). Devices that used is a wireless station as a mesh client and mesh router as a wireless router. To build a system of WMN, mesh routers must be modified by using the firmware DD-WRT and OpenWRT.The results of this study to obtain a comparison between WMN routing protocols OLSR and AODV. For self-organizing capabilities, OLSR is better with the average response time 18.85487 seconds compared to AODV that get 35.2240 seconds. For self-healing capabilities, OLSR routing protocol is better with the response time 26.4306 seconds compared with AODV are getting 35.2 seconds. And for the performance of QoS based on the distance, OLSR has decreased the average throughput 21.155%,, increased 16.093% of packet loss, increased 48.6387% of delay, and increased 61.70% of jitter. Whereas in AODV decreased 23.92% for average throughput, the increase 21.614% in packet loss, 52.67%, increase of delay, and increased 56.98% for jitter.Keyword: WMN, OLSR, AODV, Self-organizing, Self-healing, QoS