The State-of-the-Art Review on Applications of Intrusive Sensing, Image Processing Techniques, and Machine Learning Methods in Pavement Monitoring and Analysis

In modern transportation, pavement is one of the most important civil infrastructures for the movement of vehicles and pedestrians. Pavement service quality and service life are of great importance for civil engineers as they directly affect the regular service for the users. Therefore, monitoring the health status of pavement before irreversible damage occurs is essential for timely maintenance, which in turn ensures public transportation safety. Many pavement damages can be detected and analyzed by monitoring the structure dynamic responses and evaluating road surface conditions. Advanced technologies can be employed for the collection and analysis of such data, including various intrusive sensing techniques, image processing techniques, and machine learning methods. This review summarizes the state-of-the-art of these three technologies in pavement engineering in recent years and suggests possible developments for future pavement monitoring and analysis based on these approaches

Optimización del diseño estructural de pavimentos asfálticos para calles y carreteras

gráficos, tablasThe construction of asphalt pavements in streets and highways is an activity that requires optimizing the consumption of significant economic and natural resources. Pavement design optimization meets contradictory objectives according to the availability of resources and users’ needs. This dissertation explores the application of metaheuristics to optimize the design of asphalt pavements using an incremental design based on the prediction of damage and vehicle operating costs (VOC). The costs are proportional to energy and resource consumption and polluting emissions. The evolution of asphalt pavement design and metaheuristic optimization techniques on this topic were reviewed. Four computer programs were developed: (1) UNLEA, a program for the structural analysis of multilayer systems. (2) PSO-UNLEA, a program that uses particle swarm optimization metaheuristic (PSO) for the backcalculation of pavement moduli. (3) UNPAVE, an incremental pavement design program based on the equations of the North American MEPDG and includes the computation of vehicle operating costs based on IRI. (4) PSO-PAVE, a PSO program to search for thicknesses that optimize the design considering construction and vehicle operating costs. The case studies show that the backcalculation and structural design of pavements can be optimized by PSO considering restrictions in the thickness and the selection of materials. Future developments should reduce the computational cost and calibrate the pavement performance and VOC models. (Texto tomado de la fuente)La construcción de pavimentos asfálticos en calles y carreteras es una actividad que requiere la optimización del consumo de cuantiosos recursos económicos y naturales. La optimización del diseño de pavimentos atiende objetivos contradictorios de acuerdo con la disponibilidad de recursos y las necesidades de los usuarios. Este trabajo explora el empleo de metaheurísticas para optimizar el diseño de pavimentos asfálticos empleando el diseño incremental basado en la predicción del deterioro y los costos de operación vehicular (COV). Los costos son proporcionales al consumo energético y de recursos y las emisiones contaminantes. Se revisó la evolución del diseño de pavimentos asfálticos y el desarrollo de técnicas metaheurísticas de optimización en este tema. Se desarrollaron cuatro programas de computador: (1) UNLEA, programa para el análisis estructural de sistemas multicapa. (2) PSO-UNLEA, programa que emplea la metaheurística de optimización con enjambre de partículas (PSO) para el cálculo inverso de módulos de pavimentos. (3) UNPAVE, programa de diseño incremental de pavimentos basado en las ecuaciones de la MEPDG norteamericana, y el cálculo de costos de construcción y operación vehicular basados en el IRI. (4) PSO-PAVE, programa que emplea la PSO en la búsqueda de espesores que permitan optimizar el diseño considerando los costos de construcción y de operación vehicular. Los estudios de caso muestran que el cálculo inverso y el diseño estructural de pavimentos pueden optimizarse mediante PSO considerando restricciones en los espesores y la selección de materiales. Los desarrollos futuros deben enfocarse en reducir el costo computacional y calibrar los modelos de deterioro y COV.DoctoradoDoctor en Ingeniería - Ingeniería AutomáticaDiseño incremental de pavimentosEléctrica, Electrónica, Automatización Y Telecomunicacione

Road Surface Classification with Images Captured From Low-cost Camera - Road Traversing Knowledge (RTK) Dataset

The type of road pavement directly influences the way vehicles are driven. It’s common to find papers that deal with path detection but don’t take into account major changes in road surface patterns. The quality of the road surface has a direct impact on the comfort and especially on the safety of road users. In emerging countries it’s common to find unpaved roads or roads with no maintenance. Unpaved or damaged roads also impact in higher fuel costs and vehicle maintenance. This kind of analysis can be useful for both road maintenance departments as well as for autonomous vehicle navigation systems to verify potential critical points. For the experiments accomplishment upon the surface types and quality classification, we present a new dataset, collected with a low-cost camera. This dataset has examples of good and bad asphalt (with potholes and other damages) other types of pavement and also many examples of unpaved roads (with and without potholes). We also provide several frames from our dataset manually sorted in surface types for tests accuracy verification. Our road type and quality classifier was done through a simple Convolutional Neural Network with few steps and presents promising results in different datasets

Evaluación de daños en pavimento flexible usando fotogrametría terrestre y redes neuronales

In Colombia, road deterioration is assessed by means of road inventories and visual inspections. For this assessment, the Instituto Nacional de Vías (Colombia's National Road Institute) (abbreviated INVIAS in Spanish) uses the Vision Inspection de Zones et Itinéraires Á Risque (VIZIR) and Pavement Index Condition (PCI) methods. These two methods serve to determine the severity of damages in flexible and rigid pavements. However, they can be tedious and subjective and require an experienced evaluator, hence the need to develop new methods for road condition assessment. In this paper, we present a methodology to evaluate flexible pavement deterioration using terrestrial photogrammetry techniques and neural networks. The proposed methodology consists of six stages: (i) image capture, (ii) image preprocessing, (iii) segmentation via edge detection techniques, (iv) characteristic extraction, (v) classification using neural networks, and (vi) assessment of deteriorated areas. It is verified using real images of three different pavement distresses: longitudinal cracking, crocodile cracking, and pothole. As classifier, we use a multilayer neural network with a (12 12 3) configuration and trained using the Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm for backpropagation. The results show a classifier’s accuracy of 96 %, a sensitivity of 93.33 %, and a Cohen's Kappa coefficient of 93.67 %. Thus, our proposed methodology could pave the way for the development of an automated system to assess road deterioration, which may, in turn, reduce time and costs when designing road infrastructure maintenance plans.La evaluación del deterioro de las vías en Colombia se realiza por medio de inventarios manuales e inspecciones visuales. Los métodos de evaluación del estado de las vías adoptados por el INVIAS (Instituto Nacional de Vías) son VIZIR (Visión Inspection de Zones et Itinéraires Á Risque) y PCI (Paviment Condition Index). Estos determinan la gravedad de daño en pavimento flexible y rígido; sin embargo, pueden ser tediosos, subjetivos y requieren de la experiencia de un evaluador, lo que evidencia la necesidad de desarrollar metodologías de evaluación del estado de las vías. Este documento presenta una metodología para la evaluación de los deterioros presentes en pavimento flexible usando técnicas de fotogrametría terrestre y redes neuronales que está compuesta por seis etapas: i. Captura de las imágenes, ii. Preprocesamiento de las imágenes, iii. Segmentación mediante técnicas de detección de bordes, iv. Extracción de las características, v. Clasificación utilizando redes neuronales, y vi. Evaluación del área de afectación del deterioro. La metodología se evaluó con imágenes reales de pavimento con tres tipos de deterioro: grieta longitudinal, piel de cocodrilo y bache. Como clasificador se utilizó una red neuronal multicapa con configuración (12 12 3), entrenada utilizando el algoritmo Levenberg Marquardt de retropropagación. Se obtuvo una exactitud del 96 % en el clasificador, una sensibilidad de 93.33 % y una índice kappa de 0.936. Esta metodología es la base para la creación de un sistema automatizado de evaluación del deterioro presente en las vías, el cual puede contribuir en la reducción en tiempo y costo en los planes de gestión de mantenimiento de la infraestructura vial

Eleventh International Conference on the Bearing Capacity of Roads, Railways and Airfields

Innovations in Road, Railway and Airfield Bearing Capacity – Volume 1 comprises the first part of contributions to the 11th International Conference on Bearing Capacity of Roads, Railways and Airfields (2022). In anticipation of the event, it unveils state-of-the-art information and research on the latest policies, traffic loading measurements, in-situ measurements and condition surveys, functional testing, deflection measurement evaluation, structural performance prediction for pavements and tracks, new construction and rehabilitation design systems, frost affected areas, drainage and environmental effects, reinforcement, traditional and recycled materials, full scale testing and on case histories of road, railways and airfields. This edited work is intended for a global audience of road, railway and airfield engineers, researchers and consultants, as well as building and maintenance companies looking to further upgrade their practices in the field

Aeronautical engineering: A continuing bibliography with indexes, supplement 98

This bibliography lists 399 reports, articles, and other documents introduced into the NASA scientific and technical information system in June 197

Aeronautical Engineering: A continuing bibliography with indexes, supplement 134

This bibliography lists 387 reports, articles, and solar documents introduced into the NASA scientific and technical information system in March 1981