Система керування біонічним протезом

Робота публікується згідно наказу ректора від 29.12.2020 р. №580/од "Про розміщення кваліфікаційних робіт вищої освіти в репозиторії НАУ"Prosthetics is a recovery of the got out of shape and functions of separate bodies or parts of a body. Prosthetic engineering is engaged in development and production of artificial technical means of recovery. The disabled people who transferred such amputation lose first of all an opportunity to self-service, and in most cases also lose a profession. Therefore purpose of prosthetics of upper extremities: return of the disabled person to a possibility of self-service and to work. As artificially it is difficult to reproduce all functionality of a healthy human hand at the present stage of technical development, the main objective of prosthetic engineering is a creation of an engineering device capable as much as possible to fill the lost functions, that is to return to the disabled person an opportunity to make the main household movements. Such movements are: gripper and manipulation of a subject

Shear-promoted drug encapsulation into red blood cells: a CFD model and μ-PIV analysis

The present work focuses on the main parameters that influence shear-promoted encapsulation of drugs into erythrocytes. A CFD model was built to investigate the fluid dynamics of a suspension of particles flowing in a commercial micro channel. Micro Particle Image Velocimetry (μ-PIV) allowed to take into account for the real properties of the red blood cell (RBC), thus having a deeper understanding of the process. Coupling these results with an analytical diffusion model, suitable working conditions were defined for different values of haematocrit

Diseño, integración y validación de un sistema de registro simultáneo de EEG y sEMG deglutorio

[ES] La disfagia es un problema que afecta a 1 de cada 17 personas en el mundo. Esta patología puede presentarse de numerosas formas y puede tener origen tanto debido a un mal funcionamiento de los músculos deglutorios como a un mal funcionamiento del sistema nervioso, por lo que el análisis de señales de electroencefalograma (EEG) y electromiograma en superficie (sEMG) nos puede proporcionar información sobre la presencia de esta patología o riesgo de padecerla en un futuro a partir de ciertos parámetros, así como la posibilidad de diseñar futuros tratamientos y valorar sus efectos. Existen bastantes estudios de señales de sEMG deglutorio, muy pocos de EEG en deglución, y en nuestro conocimiento ninguno que haya valorado las señales conjuntamente. El objetivo principal de este TFG es diseñar un sistema de registro simultáneo de señales de EEG y sEMG de músculos deglutorios, así como verificar su correcto funcionamiento. Esto es necesario para lograr los objetivos de un proyecto más a largo plazo en el que se pretende caracterizar estas señales y sus posibles relaciones tanto en sujetos sanos como patológicos, establecer rangos y patrones de normalidad y posibles alteraciones por distintas patologías, efectos de posibles tratamientos, etc. Mediante el sistema a desarrollar se deben registrar las señales de EEG y sEMG asociadas a la actividad deglutoria de distintos tipos de bolos (saliva, agua, yogurt) con `marcas¿ de sincronismo ante distintos eventos como la preparación de la deglución y el inicio de los procesos mentales y musculares que la desencadenan. Para el diseño e integración del sistema de registro se deberán plantear abordar, de acuerdo a las especificaciones/requerimientos de esta aplicación específica: la selección de número, tipo y localización de electrodos; selección, conexión y configuración del hardware de acondicionamiento y adquisición de señal; selección, configuración y programación parcial del software de adquisición de señal con marcadores de eventos; etc¿ Para la validación del sistema desarrollado se definirá un protocolo detallado de registro que se realizará sobre 20-25 voluntarios sanos, y se realizará una visualización y análisis preliminar de las señales tanto de EEG como de sEMG verificando si su morfología y características básicas relativas a amplitud, contenido espectral¿ son acordes a la literatura.[EN] Dysphagia is the inability of people to swallow properly. It affects 1 in 17 people and greatly shortens the life expectancy of those who suffer from it, as well as greatly increasing morbidity. It mainly affects the older population and those who have had a neurological problem such as a stroke. It is a very complex disease that can have many different origins: neurological, muscular, immunological, congenital… The 2 main causes of dysphagia are of neurological and muscular origin. This is the reason why it is necessary to develop a system for simultaneous recording of an EEG signal and swallowing sEMG. In this work we will develop not only the complete system but also the protocol to carry out the signal recording. On the design side, all the necessary points will be covered. Explaining from the amplifier used and its performance, through the different types of electrodes used, to the explanation of the signal acquisition and analysis software. Likewise, a protocol has been developped when carrying out the recording, in which there are 2 different types of recordings: a recording when the patient is relaxed and the base line is recorded, and 20 recordings of 3 different types of boluses (60 trials in total) to analyse the reaction to foods with different types of textures. Finally, the signals obtained using EEGLab will be analysed to check that both the system designed and the protocol are correct and detect both EEG and sEMG signals in an adequate way by means of several analyses carried out on each type of signal.Moya Rabadán, F. (2021). Diseño, integración y validación de un sistema de registro simultáneo de EEG y sEMG deglutorio. Universitat Politècnica de València. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/173186TFG

From Benchtop to Beside: Patient-specific Outcomes Explained by Invitro Experiment

Study: Recent analyses show that females have higher early postoperative (PO) mortality and right ventricular failure (RVF) than males after left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation; and that this association is partially mediated by smaller LV size in females. Benchtop experiments allow us to investigate patient-specific (PS) characteristics in a reproducible way given the fact that the PS anatomy and physiology is mimicked accurately. With multiple heart models of varying LV size, we can directly study the individual effects of titrating the LVAD speed and the resulting bi-ventricular volumes, shedding light on the interplay between LV and RV as well as resulting inter-ventricular septum (IVS) positions, which may cause the different outcomes pertaining to sex. Methods: In vitro, we studied the impact of the heart size to IVS position using two smaller and two larger sized PS silicone heart phantoms derived from clinical CT images (Fig. 1A). With ultrasound crystals that were integrated on a placeholder inflow cannula, the IVS position was measured during LV and RV volume changes (dV) mimicking varying ventricular loading states (Fig. 1B). Figure 1 A Two small (blue) and two large PS heart phantoms (orange) on B benchtop. C Median septum curvature results. LVEDD/LVV/RVV: LV enddiastolic diameter/LV and RV volume. Results: Going from small to large dV, at zero curvature, the septum starts to shift towards the left; for smaller hearts at dV = -40 mL and for larger hearts at dV = -50 mL (Fig. 1C). This result indicates that smaller hearts are more prone to an IVS shift to the left than larger hearts. We conclude that smaller LV size may therefore mediate increased early PO LVAD mortality and RVF observed in females compared to males. Novel 3D silicone printing technology enables us to study accurate, PS heart models across a heterogeneous patient population. PS relationships can be studied simultaneously to clinical assessments and support the decision-making prior to LVAD implantation