Cross-Modal Interface Design in Crisis Control Systems: The Role of Gender

Leading human-computer interaction (HCI) researchers recognize a fundamental difference exists between men and women. Some HCI research has been done regarding gender differences in hand-eye coordination for interactions with computer touch display interfaces, navigation through virtual environments (VE) and language in computer-mediated communication. In these previous studies, gender differences were found in the use of words and language in computer-mediated communication and in navigation strategies for VE but no gender-related differences were found for the hand-eye coordination needed to effectively use a touch display. The current study used a cross-modal (auditory-visual), dual-task, computer interface to examine gender differences in crisis control simulations. For the primary task of alarm monitoring, no gender differences were found for average or maximum response and completion times. Likewise, no gender differences were found in terms of error rates for the primary task or the number correct on the secondary task. However, in terms of minimum response and completion times for alarm monitoring, gender differences were found

Interactive situation models for systems development

Devising principles for systems representation and analysis that can cope with the complexity of the interactions between programmable components and human agents in modern computing applications is a challenging and fundamental problem. Understanding the role of human and inanimate components within a reactive system, for instance, involves not only input-output transformations, but also communication and stimulus-response issues. This paper proposes novel computer-based interactive situation models to assist systems development. Such models provide an environment within which the human interpreter can explore the relationships between observables and the patterns of behaviour associated with a system component with particular reference to its external real-world semantics. They are constructed using principles based upon observation, agency and dependency ("Empirical Modelling") that have been developed at the University of Warwick. This paper describes and illustrates ! the characteristics of interactive situation models in detail, and concludes with a brief discussion of their potential significance for systems development

Zones of Intensity Invested with Desire

Based on the conference talk given at the Centre for Culture and Cultural Studies Conference, 'Media: Theory and Practice', Skopje, Macedonia, 4-6 September 2014. Abstract: This paper explores the meaning-making potential of cultural sites of historical importance within the current framework of human communication that now seamlessly intertwines digital, electronic and organic forms of contact. The paper argues that the computer-guided communication prevalent now favours the systematic and programmed and that has repercussions in terms of our sense of identity as organic beings living in a physical world. A response is to reinforce a sense of place via direct experience in cultural sites that are invested with a strong sense of place, referred to as “zones of intensity invested with desire” (this term was coined by Russell West-Pavlov and referenced by Darko Radovic to address the visual bias of urban planning). The argument follows that there needs to be a conscious reconnection with all the senses, overcoming the current visual bias encouraged by communication via the printed word. Art as alternative modality of relations has a strong role to play to reconnect us to the meaning-making elements in physical sites and reinforce the sense of place so crucial in our existence as organic beings

Adaptability, Cooperation and Reconfiguration in Very Complex Multiregional Network Organizations

There seems to be a general trend that the development of technologies which interact with human beings also enhances the knowledge of human functions. For example, with the development of color television systems progress in the knowledge of human color vision was also recorded. In return this new knowledge then helped in the design of even more efficient color television system. A similar situation seems to reign in computer systems and computer networks. Managing different resources in computer systems by operational systems resembles somewhat the management of resources in an organization. The inference block in 5th generation computers may resemble human inference and is pursued by an artificial intelligence discipline. The study of cooperative features in computer systems and networks may bring us closer to understanding these processes in organizations or even in human societies at large. This happens because many causal relations are present in computer systems in clearer and sometimes more primitive forms, stripped of many of the accompanying but irrelevant (emotional) ingredients. This Collaborative Paper is the continuation of an activity that started when Dr. Cifersky joined the Management and Technology Area of IIASA in 1882 as a participant in the Young Scientists Summer Program, under the supervision of Dr. R. Lee. The paper scans those problems in organizations which are evoked by the environment. It attempts to describe some of those processes which are taking place in complex organizations as a response to external influences, and identifies some of the impacts this may have on the organization's performance objectives. The paper has not been edited and supplemented by a vocabulary, therefore it does not make easy reading. It uses terms common in organization research, computer systems (for example, communication protocol), or principles used in fail-safe computer systems (reconfiguration). The topic is interesting and stimulating and can contribute to further research at the Institute in this field

Allocation of Communications to Reduce Mental Workload

As the United States Department of Defense continues to increase the number of Remotely Piloted Aircraft (RPA) operations overseas, improved Human Systems Integration becomes increasingly important. Manpower limitations have motivated the investigation of Multiple Aircraft Control (MAC) configurations where a single pilot controls multiple RPAs simultaneously. Previous research has indicated that frequent, unpredictable, and oftentimes overwhelming, volumes of communication events can produce unmanageable levels of system induced workload for MAC pilots. Existing human computer interface design includes both visual information with typed responses, which conflict with numerous other visual tasks the pilot performs, and auditory information that is provided through multiple audio devices with speech response. This paper extends previous discrete event workload models of pilot activities flying multiple aircraft. Specifically, we examine statically reallocating communication modality with the goal to reduce and minimize the overall pilot cognitive workload. The analysis investigates the impact of various communication reallocations on predicted pilot workload, measured by the percent of time workload is over a saturation threshold

An Evaluation of Three Online Chatbots

Chatbots enable machines to emulate human conversation. While research has been done to examine how human-like communication with chatbots can be, heretofore comparisons of the systems with humans have not accounted for abnormal behavior from the users. For example, the people using the chatbot might be lying or trying to, in turn, imitate a computer’s response. Results of a study comparing transcripts from three chatbots and two humans show that student evaluators were able to correctly identify two computer transcripts, but failed on one. Further, they incorrectly guessed that one of the humans was a chatbot. The study also presents a detailed analysis of the 11 responses from the agents

Penggunaan Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi dalam Sistem Manajemen Pembelajaran pada Masa Pandemi Covid 19

The purpose of this study is to examine the use of information technology in management systems in tertiary institutions in Indonesia which are still not maximally and evenly utilized both in terms of equipment and management. This research is an international journal study. The results of input resource research include visualizer / document camera, computer, whiteboard, student response system, and application program. Output resources include projectors, interactive whiteboards, and displays: monitors, televisions and more. Finally, other ICT equipment includes digital cameras, switchers, digital recorders, and other innovations. Conclusions, discussion of solutions to overcome obstacles in the form of uneven infrastructure that supports the application of this technology in education and the unpreparedness of human resources to utilize information and communication technology in the learning process. Keywords: Information Technology, Communication, Learning Managemen

The Vital Network: An Algorithmic Milieu of Communication and Control

The biological turn in computing has influenced the development of algorithmic control and what I call the vital network: a dynamic, relational, and generative assemblage that is self-organizing in response to the heterogeneity of contemporary network processes, connections, and communication. I discuss this biological turn in computation and control for communication alongside historically significant developments in cybernetics that set out the foundation for the development of self-regulating computer systems. Control is shifting away from models that historically relied on the human-animal model of cognition to govern communication and control, as in early cybernetics and computer science, to a decentred, nonhuman model of control by algorithm for communication and networks. To illustrate the rise of contemporary algorithmic control, I outline a particular example, that of the biologically-inspired routing algorithm known as a ‘quorum sensing’ algorithm. The increasing expansion of algorithms as a sense-making apparatus is important in the context of social media, but also in the subsystems that coordinate networked flows of information. In that domain, algorithms are not inferring categories of identity, sociality, and practice associated with Internet consumers, rather, these algorithms are designed to act on information flows as they are transmitted along the network. The development of autonomous control realized through the power of the algorithm to monitor, sort, organize, determine, and transmit communication is the form of control emerging as a postscript to Gilles Deleuze’s ‘postscript on societies of control.