Deep Learning for Audio Signal Processing

Given the recent surge in developments of deep learning, this article provides a review of the state-of-the-art deep learning techniques for audio signal processing. Speech, music, and environmental sound processing are considered side-by-side, in order to point out similarities and differences between the domains, highlighting general methods, problems, key references, and potential for cross-fertilization between areas. The dominant feature representations (in particular, log-mel spectra and raw waveform) and deep learning models are reviewed, including convolutional neural networks, variants of the long short-term memory architecture, as well as more audio-specific neural network models. Subsequently, prominent deep learning application areas are covered, i.e. audio recognition (automatic speech recognition, music information retrieval, environmental sound detection, localization and tracking) and synthesis and transformation (source separation, audio enhancement, generative models for speech, sound, and music synthesis). Finally, key issues and future questions regarding deep learning applied to audio signal processing are identified.Comment: 15 pages, 2 pdf figure

The Application of Blind Source Separation to Feature Decorrelation and Normalizations

We apply a Blind Source Separation BSS algorithm to the decorrelation of Mel-warped cepstra. The observed cepstra are modeled as a convolutive mixture of independent source cepstra. The algorithm aims to minimize a cross-spectral correlation at different lags to reconstruct the source cepstra. Results show that using "independent" cepstra as features leads to a reduction in the WER.Finally, we present three different enhancements to the BSS algorithm. We also present some results of these deviations of the original algorithm