New Big Science in Focus : Perspectives on ESS and MAX IV

This anthology is about new big science, approached through perspectives from law, sustainability studies, sociology of science and technology, history, human geography and information studies. In focus are the two large experimental facilities being built in Lund: the European Spallation Source (ESS) and MAX IV. Put centre stage are the communities that launch, build, use, host, and benefit from these science facilities.New big science facilities are large in their physical footprints, their costs, and their ambitions. Expectations abound and are in constant production. This anthology captures the opportunity to study these complex science facilities in the making – at the juncture where expectations meet reality – asking questions about what possibilities, constraints, and risks these projects entail.This anthology is the outcome of an interdisciplinary research theme at the Pufendorf Institute for Advanced Studies at Lund University. The editors Josephine V. Rekers and Kerstin Sandell are both social scientists, affiliated with the Department of Human Geography and the Department of Gender Studies respectively

Coupling Human Mobility and Social Ties

Studies using massive, passively data collected from communication technologies have revealed many ubiquitous aspects of social networks, helping us understand and model social media, information diffusion, and organizational dynamics. More recently, these data have come tagged with geographic information, enabling studies of human mobility patterns and the science of cities. We combine these two pursuits and uncover reproducible mobility patterns amongst social contacts. First, we introduce measures of mobility similarity and predictability and measure them for populations of users in three large urban areas. We find individuals' visitations patterns are far more similar to and predictable by social contacts than strangers and that these measures are positively correlated with tie strength. Unsupervised clustering of hourly variations in mobility similarity identifies three categories of social ties and suggests geography is an important feature to contextualize social relationships. We find that the composition of a user's ego network in terms of the type of contacts they keep is correlated with mobility behavior. Finally, we extend a popular mobility model to include movement choices based on social contacts and compare it's ability to reproduce empirical measurements with two additional models of mobility

International Business Visits and the Technology Frontier

This paper studies the impact of international business trips on the stock of knowledge available to an economy. It develops a theoretical model to analyse the possible effects, and presents an empirical application using productivity data for a panel of twelve Australian industries during 1991/2-2005/6. Business trips emerge as a significant source of productivity growth. As the knowledge transferred through business visits is non-rival, both countries of origin and destination can gain from the human capital of travellers. As a result, even countries traditionally disadvantaged by geography, size, or level of economic development have the opportunity to access the latest technology and information to stimulate growth.international labour movements, face-to-face meetings, business trips, growth, productivity

Powerful disciplinary knowledge and the status of geography in Finnish upper secondary schools : Teachers' views on recent changes

The article examines the status of geography education within Finnish upper secondary schools. During the past few years, there have been many reforms which have affected how much geography ought to be taught and the teaching methods for doing so. In this article, the general aims of the upper secondary geography and content of the compulsory geography course are analysed from the perspective of powerful disciplinary knowledge. The empirical data set was collected through an online survey, which was filled out by 63 Finnish geography teachers in September 2017. The results show that even though the compulsory course in geography was regarded as being important and student-oriented, teachers felt that there were too many geographical phenomena to teach and too many time-consuming digital methods to be used. Teachers highlighted the importance of critical reflection and geographical thinking in the aims of geography curriculum, and they had a positive attitude towards emphasis on current issues in the compulsory course. Many respondents expressed their concern about the fragmented character and the illogical structure of the course. The compulsory course has its focus on global risks and therefore, students have to study the consequences before the causes. The required information on physical and human geography is studied later in optional specialisation courses, which the respondents saw as a major problem. Overall, even when the aims of the curriculum support the ideas of powerful geographical knowledge relatively well, limited time for studies in geography threatens students’ access to powerful knowledge in geography education.Peer reviewe

Framework for the analysis of geography of transnational corporations investments abroad

This article develops a methodology for studying the geography of companies - an area of human geography that remains understudied in Russia. The authors refer to foreign direct investment (FDI) studies to stress the importance of analysing individual transnational corporations. Special attention is paid to FDI statistics, including international statistics provided by IMF, OECD, and UNCTAD, the official data of central banks on FDI destinations, and information on companies' assets by geographical segments. The article emphasises limitations of classical localisation concepts (e. g. A. Lösch's theory) and key concepts of transnationalisation (e. g. J. H. Dunning's "eclectic paradigm", R. Vernon's ‘product life cycle’, and the ‘flying geese paradigm' developed by Japanese authors). Dynamic localisation concepts (e. g. the Uppsala model and hierarchical/wave diffusion models) are considered an important contribution to the existing theoretical framework for studying FDI geography. Various patterns of spatial d istribution of FDI are examined taking Russian transboundary investments, including those distorted by the "neighbourhood effect" as an example

Human Migration

Human migration affects all regions of our planet: too many persons, or too few, move into, or out of, a place. Studies of migration and mobility are a critical component of understanding population growth and change and subsequent societal problems. This book focuses on substantive empirical results generated in the three decades leading up to publication and organizes them so that the student of population will have a clearer understanding of the nature of migration, its place within demography and population geography, and the implications of population changes through migration. Although the emphasis lies on substantive empirical information, those important conceptual structures that are part of our present understanding of mobility are introduced in verbal form. SCIENTIFIC GEOGRAPHY SERIES, Grant Ian Thrall, editor.https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/rri-web-book/1011/thumbnail.jp

Moving beyond Anglo-American economic geography

[EN] Over the last fifteen years, we have been observing an increasing fragmentation of economic geography, concerning both schools of thought, perspectives, paradigms, themes and the educational background of researchers. The poly-vocal character of economic geography includes a variety of language areas, a phenomenon so far unknown to a large part of Anglo-American economic geographers. Particularly in the literature about theories, perspectives and paradigms, the non-English speaking world is largely ignored as a basis for debate. Even worse, leading scholars in the field increasingly use the term Anglo-American economic geography to refer to the whole field, although they describe trends and theories in both general and authoritative terms. The aim of this paper is to move beyond Anglo-American economic geography by introducing and reviewing economic geography literature in some other main languages, namely Chinese, Spanish and Portuguese. The purpose of doing so is not merely to show that there is more than Anglo-American economic geography, but also to derive from these non-English voices insights in how to move to an integrative paradigm of a truly international economic geography.Hassink, R.; Gong, H.; Marques, P. (2019). Moving beyond Anglo-American economic geography. International Journal of Urban Sciences. 23(2):149-169. https://doi.org/10.1080/12265934.2018.1469426S149169232Aalbers, M. B., & Rossi, U. (2009). Anglo-American/Anglophone Hegemony. International Encyclopedia of Human Geography, 116-121. doi:10.1016/b978-008044910-4.00246-7Bański, J., & Ferenc, M. (2013). «International» or «Anglo-American» journals of geography? Geoforum, 45, 285-295. doi:10.1016/j.geoforum.2012.11.016Barnes, T. J. (2002). Performing Economic Geography: Two Men, Two Books, and a Cast of Thousands. Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space, 34(3), 487-512. doi:10.1068/a3440Barnes, T. J. (2012). Reopke Lecture in Economic Geography: Notes from the Underground: Why the History of Economic Geography Matters: The Case of Central Place Theory. Economic Geography, 88(1), 1-26. doi:10.1111/j.1944-8287.2011.01140.xBarnes, T. J., & Sheppard, E. (2009). ‘Nothing includes everything’: towards engaged pluralism in Anglophone economic geography. Progress in Human Geography, 34(2), 193-214. doi:10.1177/0309132509343728Benko, G. (2005). Trajectoire de la géographie économique francophone au XXe siècle ( Trajectory offrench economic geography in the 20th century). Bulletin de l’Association de géographes français, 82(3), 261-278. doi:10.3406/bagf.2005.2462Berg, L. D., & Kearns, R. A. (1998). Guest Editorial. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 16(2), 128-132. doi:10.1068/d160128Best, U. (2009). The invented periphery: constructing Europe in debates about «Anglo hegemony» in geography. Social Geography, 4(1), 83-91. doi:10.5194/sg-4-83-2009Boschma, R. A., & Frenken, K. (2006). Why is economic geography not an evolutionary science? Towards an evolutionary economic geography. Journal of Economic Geography, 6(3), 273-302. doi:10.1093/jeg/lbi022Chen, M., Long, H., Wang, C., Huang, J., & Niu, F. (2017). Review of and prospects for China’s human and economic geography. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 27(12), 1556-1576. doi:10.1007/s11442-017-1452-yCoenen, L. (2012). The Sage Handbook of Economic Geography. Regional Studies, 46(6), 833-834. doi:10.1080/00343404.2012.691234Contel, F. B. (2016). As finanças e o espaço geográfico: contribuições centrais da Geografia francesa e da Geografia brasileira. Revista Brasileira de Geografia, 61(1). doi:10.21579/issn.2526-0375_2016_n1_art_3Derudder, B., & Liu, X. (2015). How international is the Annual Meeting of the Association of American Geographers? A social network analysis perspective. Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space, 48(2), 309-329. doi:10.1177/0308518x15611892Fall, J. J. (2014). Writing (Somewhere). The SAGE Handbook of Human Geography: Two Volume Set, 296-315. doi:10.4135/9781446247617.n14Ferenčuhová, S. (2016). Accounts from behind the Curtain: History and Geography in the Critical Analysis of Urban Theory. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 40(1), 113-131. doi:10.1111/1468-2427.12332Fromhold-Eisebith, M. (2018). Research achievements in transition: German scholars’ contribution to economic geographies of knowledge, innovation and new technologies. Zeitschrift für Wirtschaftsgeographie, 62(2), 152-152. doi:10.1515/zfw-2017-0031Gluckler, J., & Sanchez-Hernandez, J. L. (2013). Information overload, navigation, and the geography of mediated markets. Industrial and Corporate Change, 23(5), 1201-1228. doi:10.1093/icc/dtt038Hassink, R. (2007). It’s the Language, Stupid! On Emotions, Strategies, and Consequences Related to the Use of One Language to Describe and Explain a Diverse World. Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space, 39(6), 1282-1287. doi:10.1068/a39282Hassink, R., Hu, X., Shin, D.-H., Yamamura, S., & Gong, H. (2017). The restructuring of old industrial areas in East Asia. Area Development and Policy, 3(2), 185-202. doi:10.1080/23792949.2017.1413405Hassink, R., Klaerding, C., & Marques, P. (2014). Advancing Evolutionary Economic Geography by Engaged Pluralism. Regional Studies, 48(7), 1295-1307. doi:10.1080/00343404.2014.889815He, C., Zhu, S., & Yang, X. (2016). What matters for regional industrial dynamics in a transitional economy? Area Development and Policy, 2(1), 71-90. doi:10.1080/23792949.2016.1264867Hu, X., & Hassink, R. (2017). Exploring adaptation and adaptability in uneven economic resilience: a tale of two Chinese mining regions. Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, 10(3), 527-541. doi:10.1093/cjres/rsx012Hu, X., & Hassink, R. (2016). Place leadership with Chinese characteristics? A case study of the Zaozhuang coal-mining region in transition. Regional Studies, 51(2), 224-234. doi:10.1080/00343404.2016.1200189Jazeel, T. (2016). Between area and discipline. Progress in Human Geography, 40(5), 649-667. doi:10.1177/0309132515609713Jöns, H. (2018). The international transfer of human geographical knowledge in the context of shifting academic hegemonies. Geographische Zeitschrift, 106(1), 27. doi:10.25162/gz-2018-0003Kim, S., Ojo, G. U., Zaidi, R. Z., & Bryant, R. L. (2012). Bringing the other into political ecology: Reflecting on preoccupations in a research field. Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography, 33(1), 34-48. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9493.2012.00453.xKong, L., & Qian, J. (2017). Knowledge circulation in urban geography/urban studies, 1990–2010: Testing the discourse of Anglo-American hegemony through publication and citation patterns. Urban Studies, 56(1), 44-80. doi:10.1177/0042098017717205李蕴雄, Yunxiong, L., 任永欢, 贺灿飞, Yonghuan, R., & Canfei, H. (2016). 中国的地区企业进入与退出关联研究. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 35(3), 349-357. doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2016.03.009Méndez, R., Sánchez-Moral, S., & Malfeito-Gaviro, J. (2016). Employment changes in knowledge-based industries in large urban areas of Spain: Impact of the economic crisis and austerity policies. Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy, 34(5), 963-980. doi:10.1177/0263774x15614698Minca, C. (2018). The cosmopolitan geographer’s dilemma. Geographische Zeitschrift, 106(1), 4. doi:10.25162/gz-2018-0001Muellerleile, C., Strauss, K., Spigel, B., & Narins, T. P. (2013). Economic Geography and the Financial Crisis: Full Steam Ahead? The Professional Geographer, 66(1), 11-17. doi:10.1080/00330124.2012.757819Paasi, A. (2005). Globalisation, Academic Capitalism, and the Uneven Geographies of International Journal Publishing Spaces. Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space, 37(5), 769-789. doi:10.1068/a3769Paasi, A. (2015). Academic Capitalism and the Geopolitics of Knowledge. 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Principles in the Translation of TCM and HDNJ•SW

As a theoretical foundation and source of Chinese Medicine, HDNJ·SW (Huang Di Nei Jing· Su Wen) which studies the human physiology, pathology, and diagnosis and prevention of diseases covers the fields of “Yin Yang” and “Wuxing” philosophy, astrophysics, human physiology, geography, literature and so on. Present studies on the translation of HDNJ·SW are usually recognized as an unsystematic work because most researchers are confined to study the scattered terminology. With the guidance of deconstruction translation theory, this thesis studies the translation methods of HDNJ·SW from perspectives of language, figures of speech and medicine by taking the text and terminology. This paper analyzes the characteristics of the text of HDNJ·SW and related problems in translation, three principles are summarized: information conveyance, culture conveyance and form conveyance. The research reveals that with the great differences on materials, languages, cultures and forms between Chinese and English, in order to achieve the three translation principles, different translation methods should be adopted in different situations for the purpose of conveying the values of medicine, culture and rhetoric.Key words: TCM; HDNJ·SW; Information conveyance; Culture conveyance; Form conveyanc

Activities of the Geographical Branch in Northern Canada, 1947-1957

The Geographical Branch of the Department of Mines and Technical Surveys was created in 1947. Under its terms of references, part of its responsibility is the collection and analysis of geographical information on northern Canada, in particular the territories under the jurisdiction of the federal government. In the decade since the Branch's inauguration, geographers have carried out various kinds of field surveys in the Canadian Arctic and subarctic, from the northern coast of Ellesmere Island to the Hudson Bay coastal plain in Ontario, and from the Alaska boundary to Labrador. These surveys have varied from parties formed entirely of geographers to individual shipboard observers or representatives on collaborative teams of scientists. The collection of basic information on the vast unknown expanses of the Arctic is peculiarly suited to the application of geographic methods. Utilizing the trimetrogon and vertical photography carried out since World War II, geographers have applied sampling techniques in interpreting larger areas, making intensive field studies of representative terrain types and expanding them by use of the air photos in delimiting, describing and analysing physiographic regions. Studies in physical geography have been the backbone of the work of the Branch in the Arctic. Air photo interpretation keys have been prepared for 14 areas: Alert, Eureka, Mould Bay, Resolute, Mackenzie Delta, Darnley Bay, Coppermine, Bathurst Inlet, Boothia Isthmus, Wager Bay, Southampton Island, Kaniapiskau-Koksoak Rivers in Ungava, the Hudson Bay Railway, and the Kenogami River. Reports on the human geography of various areas were included in the field reports and are mainly unpublished; several studies in historical geography also resulted from the field surveys. ..

Medical geography in public health and tropical medicine: case studies from Brazil

Within the last few decades, the multitude of infrastructural and environmental changes associated with population growth, human migration, and economic development have catalyzed the emergence and re-emergence of many infectious diseases worldwide. The morbidity and mortality associated with these diseases have in turn led to an increased and renewed impetus to gain a better understanding of the etiology, epidemiology, prevention, and control of these diseases in order to achieve better health and well-being, especially for underprivileged populations. Two traditionally separate fields, medical geography and tropical medicine, have recently seen complex and radical paradigm shifts in response to this global situation: medical geography has been developing many new and sophisticated methods of data collection, data manipulation, and spatial analysis that make it more suited for the study of health-related problems; and tropical medicine has been revisiting the fundamental notion that disease is intimately linked to the physical and cultural geographic environments in which humans live. As a result, concepts of medical geography are being more readily employed within tropical disease research, and tropical medicine is embracing geographic methods as a central mainstay in the control, management, and prevention of tropical diseases. As the associations between these two fields continue to grow, a clearer understanding of how they compliment each other will be needed in order to better define their interrelated roles in augmenting human health. This dissertation examines the multifarious relationships that have developed between the fields of medical geography and tropical medicine in recent years by presenting the reader with a brief history of their common origins and a comprehensive review of the techniques and methodologies in medical geography that are frequently employed in tropical disease research. Following this background information, several case studies are investigated that provide examples of how geographic methods can be easily and effectively employed in the analysis of several tropical diseases, including tungiasis, intestinal helminthes, leprosy, and tuberculosis. These case studies demonstrate some of the advantages and disadvantages of current geographic methods employed in health research, and offer a framework for readers who are interested in applying basic geographic concepts to analyze questions of health