62,571 research outputs found
Sharing, privacy and trust issues for photo collections
Digital libraries are quickly being adopted by the masses. Technological developments now allow community groups, clubs, and even ordinary individuals to create their own, publicly accessible collections. However, users may not be fully aware of the potential privacy implications of submitting their documents to a digital library, and may hold misconceptions of the technological support for preserving their privacy.
We present results from 18 autoethnographic investigations and 19 observations / interviews into privacy issues that arise when people make their personal photo collections available online. The Adams' privacy model is used to discuss the findings according to information receiver, information sensitivity, and information usage. Further issues of trust and ad hoc poorly supported protection strategies are presented. Ultimately while photographic data is potentially highly sensitive, the privacy risks are often hidden and the protection mechanisms are limited
The visual preferences for forest regeneration and field afforestation : four case studies in Finland
The overall aim of this dissertation was to study the public's preferences for forest regeneration fellings and field afforestations, as well as to find out the relations of these preferences to landscape management instructions, to ecological healthiness, and to the contemporary theories for predicting landscape preferences. This dissertation includes four case studies in Finland, each based on the visualization of management options and surveys.
Guidelines for improving the visual quality of forest regeneration and field afforestation are given based on the case studies. The results show that forest regeneration can be connected to positive images and memories when the regeneration area is small and some time has passed since the felling. Preferences may not depend only on the management alternative itself but also on the viewing distance, viewing point, and the scene in which the management options are implemented.
The current Finnish forest landscape management guidelines as well as the ecological healthiness of the studied options are to a large extent compatible with the public's preferences. However, there are some discrepancies. For example, the landscape management instructions as well as ecological hypotheses suggest that the retention trees need to be left in groups, whereas people usually prefer individually located retention trees to those trees in groups. Information and psycho-evolutionary theories provide some possible explanations for people's preferences for forest regeneration and field afforestation, but the results cannot be consistently explained by these theories.
The preferences of the different stakeholder groups were very similar. However, the preference ratings of the groups that make their living from forest - forest owners and forest professionals - slightly differed from those of the others. These results provide support for the assumptions that preferences are largely consistent at least within one nation, but that knowledge and a reference group may also influence preferences.VÀitöskirjassa tutkittiin ihmisten maisemapreferenssejÀ (maisemallisia arvostuksia) metsÀnuudistamishakkuiden ja pellonmetsitysten suhteen sekÀ analysoitiin nÀiden preferenssien yhteyksiÀ maisemanhoito-ohjeisiin, vaihtoehtojen ekologiseen terveyteen ja preferenssejÀ ennustaviin teorioihin. VÀitöskirja sisÀltÀÀ neljÀ tapaustutkimusta, jotka perustuvat hoitovaihtoehtojen visualisointiin ja kyselytutkimuksiin.
Tapaustutkimusten pohjalta annetaan ohjeita siitÀ, kuinka uudistushakkuiden ja pellonmetsitysten visuaalista laatua voidaan parantaa. VÀitöskirjan tulokset osoittavat, ettÀ uudistamishakkuut voivat herÀttÀÀ myös myönteisiÀ mielikuvia ja muistoja, jos uudistusala on pieni ja hakkuun vÀlittömÀt jÀljet ovat jo peittyneet. Preferensseihin vaikuttaa hoitovaihtoehdon lisÀksi mm. katseluetÀisyys, katselupiste ja ympÀristö, jossa vaihtoehto on toteutettu.
Eri viiteryhmien (metsÀammattilaiset, pÀÀkaupunkiseudun asukkaat, ympÀristönsuojelijat, tutkimusalueiden matkailijat, paikalliset asukkaat sekÀ metsÀnomistajat) maisemapreferenssit olivat hyvin samankaltaisia. Kuitenkin ne ryhmÀt, jotka saavat ainakin osan elannostaan metsÀstÀ - metsÀnomistajat ja metsÀammattilaiset - pitivÀt metsÀnhakkuita esittÀvistÀ kuvista hieman enemmÀn kuin muut ryhmÀt. NÀmÀ tulokset tukevat oletusta, ettÀ maisemapreferenssit ovat laajalti yhtenevÀisiÀ ainakin yhden kansan tai kulttuurin keskuudessa, vaikka myös viiteryhmÀ saattaa vaikuttaa preferensseihin jonkin verran.
Nykyiset metsÀmaisemanhoito-ohjeet ovat pitkÀlti samankaltaisia tÀssÀ vÀitöskirjassa havaittujen maisemapreferenssien kanssa. MyöskÀÀn tutkittujen vaihtoehtoisten hoitotapojen ekologisen paremmuuden ja niihin kohdistuvien maisemallisten arvostusten vÀlillÀ ei ollut suurta ristiriitaa. Kuitenkin joitakin eroavaisuuksia oli; esimerkiksi sekÀ maisemanhoito-ohjeiden ettÀ ekologisten hypoteesien mukaan sÀÀstöpuut tulisi jÀttÀÀ ryhmiin, kun taas ihmiset pitivÀt eniten yksittÀin jÀtetyistÀ puista. Informaatiomalli ja psyko-evolutionaarinen teoria tarjoavat mahdollisia selityksiÀ uudistushakkuisiin ja pellonmetsitykseen kohdistuville preferensseille, vaikkakaan tutkimuksen tuloksia ei voida tÀysin selittÀÀ nÀillÀ teorioilla
Analyzing usersâ behaviour to identify their privacy concerns
The majority of studies examining privacy concerns of Internet users are based on surveys. Many problems have, however, been identified with using surveys to measure peopleâs privacy concerns. Based on our experience from our previous studies, in this paper we discuss how ethnographic interviews and observation techniques could be used to analyze usersâ behaviour in terms of how they share personal information and multimedia content with others, and utilize this to identify issues related to their privacy concerns more comprehensively than it is otherwise possible with conventional surveys
Privacy Vulnerabilities in the Practices of Repairing Broken Digital Artifacts in Bangladesh
This paper presents a study on the privacy concerns associated with the practice of repairing broken digital objects in Bangladesh. Historically, repair of old or broken technologies has received less attention in ICTD scholarship than design, development, or use. As a result, the potential privacy risks associated with repair practices have remained mostly unaddressed. This paper describes our three-month long ethnographic study that took place at ten major repair sites in Dhaka, Bangladesh. We show a variety of ways in which the privacy of an individualâs personal data may be compromised during the repair process. We also examine peopleâs perceptions around privacy in repair, and its connections with their broader social and cultural values. Finally, we discuss the challenges and opportunities for future research to strengthen the repair ecosystem in developing countries. Taken together, our findings contribute to the growing discourse around post-use cycles of technology
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