14,363 research outputs found
Past, Present, and Future of Simultaneous Localization And Mapping: Towards the Robust-Perception Age
Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM)consists in the concurrent
construction of a model of the environment (the map), and the estimation of the
state of the robot moving within it. The SLAM community has made astonishing
progress over the last 30 years, enabling large-scale real-world applications,
and witnessing a steady transition of this technology to industry. We survey
the current state of SLAM. We start by presenting what is now the de-facto
standard formulation for SLAM. We then review related work, covering a broad
set of topics including robustness and scalability in long-term mapping, metric
and semantic representations for mapping, theoretical performance guarantees,
active SLAM and exploration, and other new frontiers. This paper simultaneously
serves as a position paper and tutorial to those who are users of SLAM. By
looking at the published research with a critical eye, we delineate open
challenges and new research issues, that still deserve careful scientific
investigation. The paper also contains the authors' take on two questions that
often animate discussions during robotics conferences: Do robots need SLAM? and
Is SLAM solved
An Agent-Based Model of Mortality Shocks, Intergenerational Effects, and Urban Crime
Rational criminals choose crime over lawfulness because it pays better; hence poverty correlates to criminal behavior. This correlation is an insufficient historical explanation. An agent-based model of urban crime, mortality, and exogenous population shocks supplements the standard economic story, closing the gap with an empirical reality that often breaks from trend. Agent decision making within the model is built around a career maximization function, with life expectancy as the key independent variable. Rational choice takes the form of a local information heuristic, resulting in subjectively rational suboptimal decision making. The effects of population shocks are explored using the Crime and Mortality Simulation (CAMSIM), with effects demonstrated to persist across generations. Past social trauma are found to lead to higher crime rates which subsequently decline as the effect degrades, though \'aftershocks\' are often experienced.Agent-Based Model, Crime, Bounded Rationality, Life Expectancy, Rational Choice
Multi Agent Modelling: Evolution and Skull Thickness in Hominids
Within human evolution, the period of Homo Erectus is particularly interesting since in this period,
our ancestors have carried thicker skulls than the species both before and after them. There are
competing theories as to the reasons of this enlargement and its reversal. One of these is the theory
that Homo Erectus males fought for females by clubbing each other on the head. The other one says
that due to the fact that Homo Erectus’ did not cook their food at all, they had to have strong jaw
muscles attached to ridges on either side of the skull which prohibited brain and skull growth but
required the skull to be thick.
The re-thinning of the skull on the other hand might be due to the fact that a thick skull provided
poor cooling for the brain or that as hominids started using tools to cut their food and using fire to
cook it, they did not require the strong jaw muscles anymore and this trait was actually selected
against since the brain had a tendency to grow and the ridges and a thick skull were preventing this.
In this paper we simulated both the fighting and the diet as ways in which the hominid skull grew
thicker. We also added other properties such as cooperation, selfishness and vision to our agents and
analyzed their changes over generations.
Keywords: Evolution, Skull Thickness, Hominids, Multi-Agent Modeling, Genetic Algorithm
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