How to automatically identify major research sponsors selecting keywords from the WoS Funding Agency field

In a context of increasingly limited resources, the demand for information from research funding bodies is growing. The exploitation of the funding acknowledgements collected in WoS publications can be useful for these sponsors, not only because it allows them to know the published results with their financial support, but also because it provides a framework to evaluate the efficiency of the different funding instruments. The present work adds to the knowledge of previous studies to offer a simple and efficient methodology that automatically identifies major sponsors, and their funded research, using keywords. To this end, articles with Spain in the address field and English in the language field are obtained (years 2010 2014), given that WoS only considers funding acknowledgements written in English. Subsequently, the Funding Agency (FA) field of these articles is treated, selecting funders' variants that will serve as keywords in the FTS (Full Text Search) for the location of the research supported by major sponsors. In addition, a sample of reviewed documents is provided to evaluate the reliability of the proposed methodology, performing also some statistical tests. The results show a recall of 91.5% of the sample articles, with a precision of 99%. Notwithstanding, there are differences in the automatic identification of funders by institutional sector and/or area, being the Government sector the one with the highest precision and recall, and the area of Agriculture, Biology & Environment the one with the best degree of association between the automatic classification and the reviewed one. Finally, possible future developments are offered, paying special attention to increasing the automation of the standardisation of funders' names.This work is supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (Grant CSO2014-57826 P and predoctoral contract BES-2015-073537).Peer reviewe

Study on open science: The general state of the play in Open Science principles and practices at European life sciences institutes

Nowadays, open science is a hot topic on all levels and also is one of the priorities of the European Research Area. Components that are commonly associated with open science are open access, open data, open methodology, open source, open peer review, open science policies and citizen science. Open science may a great potential to connect and influence the practices of researchers, funding institutions and the public. In this paper, we evaluate the level of openness based on public surveys at four European life sciences institute

Congress UPV Proceedings of the 21ST International Conference on Science and Technology Indicators

This is the book of proceedings of the 21st Science and Technology Indicators Conference that took place in València (Spain) from 14th to 16th of September 2016. The conference theme for this year, ‘Peripheries, frontiers and beyond’ aimed to study the development and use of Science, Technology and Innovation indicators in spaces that have not been the focus of current indicator development, for example, in the Global South, or the Social Sciences and Humanities. The exploration to the margins and beyond proposed by the theme has brought to the STI Conference an interesting array of new contributors from a variety of fields and geographies. This year’s conference had a record 382 registered participants from 40 different countries, including 23 European, 9 American, 4 Asia-Pacific, 4 Africa and Near East. About 26% of participants came from outside of Europe. There were also many participants (17%) from organisations outside academia including governments (8%), businesses (5%), foundations (2%) and international organisations (2%). This is particularly important in a field that is practice-oriented. The chapters of the proceedings attest to the breadth of issues discussed. Infrastructure, benchmarking and use of innovation indicators, societal impact and mission oriented-research, mobility and careers, social sciences and the humanities, participation and culture, gender, and altmetrics, among others. We hope that the diversity of this Conference has fostered productive dialogues and synergistic ideas and made a contribution, small as it may be, to the development and use of indicators that, being more inclusive, will foster a more inclusive and fair world

LINCS : Linking Information for Nonfatal Crash Surveillance : a guide for integrating motor vehicle crash data to help keep Americans safe on the road

The Linking Information for Nonfatal Crash Surveillance (LINCS) Guide is intended to help states start a data linkage program or expand their current program to help prevent motor vehicle crash-related injuries and deaths. The guide discusses the key components of successful linkage programs and details each step in the data linkage process.Motor vehicle crashes (MVCs) are a leading cause of death for people aged 1-54 years in the United States (U.S.). More than 100 people die in MVCs each day and thousaOne method to better understand MVCs is to effectively use existing data sources, such as police, hospital, and emergency medical services (EMS) records. These data sources contain different information and the data sets are generally collected and stored separately. Therefore, linking the data sets together can create a more comprehensive understanding of MVCs by pulling all of the data together into one linked data set. A linked data set will include information about what happened before (e.g., impaired driving), during (e.g., seat belt was being used), and after a crash (e.g., medical outcomes and costs).nds more are injured. Understanding the risk factors and ways to address them can help prevent MVC-related injuries and deaths and reduce costs.The CDC\u2019s National Center for Injury Prevention and Control (NCIPC) enlisted the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) Alliance to Modernize Healthcare (CAMH)\u2014a federally funded research and development center operated by The MITRE Corporation\u2014to create a guide to help states start or enhance data linkage programs. Linking MVC data sets creates a more comprehensive set of linked data for each MVC incident and for each individual involved in the MVC. Comprehensive MVC linked data can enable analysis of the relationships among contributing factors, interventions, outcomes, and impacts. For example, one advantage of linking police MVC records to hospital records is to assess the magnitude of nonfatal MVC injuries and associated healthcare costs.CS 302338-APublication date from document properties.CDC_LINCS_GUIDE_2019-F.pdfExecutive Summary -- Motor Vehicle Crashes and LINCS -- Introduction -- The LINCS Guide -- Section 1. Establishing a Motor Vehicle Crash Data Linkage Program -- Section 2. Building Partnerships -- Section 3. Developing a Business Model -- Section 4. Establishing the Data Linkage Process -- Conclusion -- Appendix A. National Systems for Motor Vehicle Crash Data -- Appendix B. Literature Review of Published Motor Vehicle Crash Research Using Linked Data -- Appendix C. Crash Outcome -- Data Evaluation System (CODES) -- Appendix D. Stakeholder Listening Sessions -- Appendix E. Select Data Linkage Method(s) -- Appendix F. Select Data Linkage Tools. -- Appendix G. State Motor Vehicle Crash Data Linkage Programs -- Appendix H. Motor Vehicle Crash Data Linkage Program Resources -- Appendix I. Department of Transportation Traffic Records Coordinating Committee Technical Assistance Resources -- Appendix J. Security Program Activities -- Appendix K. Privacy Program Activities. -- Appendix L. Sample Data Use Agreement -- Appendix M. Reduce Computational Requirements. -- Appendix N. Multiple Imputation and Missing Data -- Appendix O. Assessing Data Quality: Variation -- Appendix P. Evaluating Data Linkage Processes -- Appendix Q. Examples of MVC Data Content Standards -- Appendix R. Explanation of Figures for Accessibility -- Acknowledgments -- Acronyms. -- Glossary \u2013 References.2019674

Open Access Publishing and Scholarly Communication Among Greek Biomedical Scientists

urpose: The purpose of this research is to study in what ways the open access publishing can improve the scholarly communtication among biomedical sciences in Greece over a period of about five years and provide new roles for health librarians to support open access.\ud Methods: The implementation of Critical Realism as research philosophy allowed the multi-level analysis of the research object; a mixture of research tools were used. Supplementary research methods were adopted to provide more accurate and reliable conclusions. The Literature review contributed to the identification of the open access publishing context and the relations which were forming and re-forming in it. Additionally, similar studies were found and the research gaps were identified as well. Bibliometrics demonstrated the participation of Greek scientists in world research could be evaluated. The research was conducted in five world databases (PUBMED, SCI, BIOMED CENTRAL, DOAJ, GOOGLE) for two different periods (2006-2007 and 2011). Publishers? aggrements provided information about the role of Greek biomedical publishers to the awareness of Greek biomedical scientists on journal related issues such as copyright. Additionally, and journal cost analysis presented publishers? subscription and open access policies and provided an approach of the costs requested for the access to journals. Web 2.0 offers new scholarly communication channels that seem to be cheaper and effective ones. The participation of Greek biomedical scientists in social networks such as ResearchGate, LinkedIn was analysed to evaluate the trends towards these new information sources. Case study methodology provided the qualitative and quantitative tools to explain the attitudes and awareness of Greek biomedical stakeholders about open access publishing and open access biomedical journals and also helped to the longitudinal study of the changes. A questionnaire survey among biomedical scientists took place in three phases (2007-early in 2010, September 2010 to May 2011). In addition, Greek biomedical publishers were interviewed in January and February 2010 .\ud Findings: The bibliometric findings indicated an increasing participation of Greek scientists and Greek biomedical journals in world research. Greek biomedical scientists also use social networking as a means of scholarly communication. The questionnaire surveys showed that the physicians are the most active researchers and more familiar with the open access publishing concept. However, across all the phases the majority of Greek biomedical scientists seem to be unaware of aspects of publishing in open access journals, although by the third phase more participants seem to be aware. Greek biomedical publishers seem to approve the deposit in repositories, and the self-archiving process under specific terms, because, the publishers? agreements analysis demonstrated, the publishers want to be the copyright holders and information about authors? rights is omitted. Biomedical scientists are confused over copyright. As far as cost analyses are concerned, the journal prices depend on the publisher (commercial or scientific) and the subscriber (the institutional prices are higher than individual ones). The findngs were interpreted according to Roger?s diffusion of innovations theory and Lewin?s force field analysis.\ud Conclusions: Open access seems to be acceptable in Greece but the stakeholders, including libraries, need to co-operate more. Greek academic biomedical libraries can actively reinforce the driving forces and reduce the restraining forces (around copyright, mainly) (Lewin?s Force Field Analysis) in order to move into the ?refreeze stage?. However, institutional repositories do seem to be an innovation that (according to Rogers? theory) will take time to develop

GHG 배출에 따른 긍정적 파급효과가 있는 교차로 교통상황에 대한 핵심 정책요소로서의 스마트 신호등 기술에 대한 AHP 평가.

학위논문(석사) -- 서울대학교대학원 : 공과대학 협동과정 기술경영·경제·정책전공, 2023. 2. 황준석.기후변화는 전세계적으로 중요한 문제가 되었다. 오염, 특히 유해가스 배출에 의한 세계적인 기온 상승은 생물, 특히 2022년 기준 7십억 9천만명이 넘는 인간의 생존을 위협한다. 이러한 오염 경향은 1차 산업 혁명으로 거슬러 올라가며 자동차 산업에서 휘발유 첨가제를 도입하면서 전환점에 도달했다. 오늘날 차량 부문은 세계 첫번째 오염원이자 지구 기온 상승과 그에 따른 기후 변화의 주요 원인이다. 과학 전문지는 교통 역학을 분석하고 배출량 증가의 중요한 순간은 차량이 가장 효율적인 연료 소비 속도로 이동해야 하는 교통 혼잡 시간 동안임을 발견했다. 이를 바탕으로 교차로가 차량의 교통수요를 처리할 수 있는 실시간 대응기술이나 장치 부족으로 인한 교통체증의 가장 흔한 원인으로 판단된다. 이와 관련하여 중산층 및 고소득 국가는 교통 관리 시스템의 디지털 전환에 대한 대규모 투자를 통해 차량 교통 혼잡을 줄이기 위해 교통 및 도시 정책으로 인프라를 개선하고 도시를 스마트화하기 위해 여러 현대 기술을 도입하고 있다. 이 문제는 저소득 국가가 인구 요구를 우선하고 예산을 기후변화보다 식량, 주거, 건강, 교육, 안보, 교통에 할당할 때 발생한다. 그래서, 온실가스 오염으로 인한 교통 분야에 연관된 구조적 문제는 계속된다. 이 시나리오에서는 오염이 제거되거나 감소되거나 증가하든, 최종 영향은 세계적인 기온 변화에 달려 있다. 이 이슈를 더 철저하게 조사하기 위해서, 현재의 연구는 두 가지 논점을 제기한다. 첫번째는 이산화탄소 배출 증가와 교차로에서의 교통 정체가 연관되어 있는가?이고. 방법론으로서의 체계적인 문헌 검토를 사용했다. 135건 이상의 문서 스마트 교통신호와 온실가스 배출이. SLR 논문 데이터베이스에서 키워드 추출기가 구현되어 아키텍처, 플랫폼, 프레임워크, 시뮬레이터, 센서, 방법 및 알고리즘을 식별하고 각 항목에서 추출했다. 규화 단어 클라우드 방법을 사용하여, 총 241개의 서로 관련된 STL 기술을 확인하였고, 2단계에서 총 135개의 용어로 감소하였다. 관련 또는 밀접하게 관련된 기술을 조사한 후에는 분류 트리 맵을 사용하여 결과를 27 STL 주요 용어로 제한했다. 연구 질문은 Lu Jie, Watson, Bates 및 Kennedy, Towjua 및 Felix Isholab, Addy Majewski의 연구에 대한 SLR 식별으로 해결되었습니다; 그들 모두는 교통 체증과 정체 그리고 온실가스 배출 증가율 사이의 상관관계를 확인하기 위해 서로 다른 방법에 동의하고 제공했다. SLR의 집중적인 기술 설명, 추출 및 정규화를 통해 스마트 신호등 관련 기술, 아키텍처 및 프레임워크를 명확하게 식별할 수 있다.대체 계층 또는 차원을 제공함으로써 AHP 프로세스에서 중요한 단계 중 하나가 되도록 의도된 STL 기술 맵을 생성할 수 있습니다. 두 번째 연구 질문: "STL 시스템 기술의 SLR 식별을 바탕으로 교통 흐름을 개선하고 GHG-Co2 배출량을 줄이는 것을 목표로 예산 제약 하에서 교차로(신호등)의 교통 인프라 요소로 구현하기에 가장 적합한 기술은 무엇입니까?" 의사결정자와 정책 입안자가 가장 적합한 것을 결정할 수 있도록 하기 위해 분석 계층 프로세스(AHP)에 기반한 다중 기준 의사결정 분석(MCDA)에 따라 연구되었다.교차로의 차량 정체 관리와 관련된 IR 기술. 1970년대 토마스 새티 교수가 개발한 AHP 방법론은 전형적으로 계층적이고 서로 자주 대립하는 다수의 선택 기준 또는 변수를 기반으로 많은 대안 중에서 선택하는 데 도움이 되는 다중 기준 결정 과정이다. 선택 기준과 하위 기준을 신중하게 선택하고, 이를 올바르게 정의하며, SLR 기술, 식별 및 분류를 통해 상호 배타적인 문제임을 확인하는 것이 프로세스의 필수 구성 요소 중 하나입니다. 새티 기본 척도는 조사 과정에서 쌍체 비교를 수행하는 데 사용됩니다. 계층 구조는 하향식입니다. 이 방법의 주제는 질적 측면을 양적 측면으로 전환할 수 있는 목표 > 치수(STL 기능, STL 비용 및 교통 배출) > 기준 > 대안, 다양한 대안 간의 비교를 상당히 용이하게 하고 보다 객관적이고 신뢰할 수 있는 결과를 도출한다. 전문가 설문조사 문항을 기반으로 한 AHP 분석에 따르면,기존 신호등 인프라 업그레이드를 위한 STL 기술을 구현하기 위해 비용 차원이 현재 45.79%로 가장 중요한 요소이며, 그 다음이 효율 차원(41.61%)이다. 대안 수준에서는 유도 루프 센서가 23.67% 동의로 GHG 저감과 함께 교차로 고도화 및 교통흐름 개선에 가장 적합한 기술로 파악됐으며 영상차량 감지 15.02%, GPS 기반 기술 13.37% 순으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 목적은 저소득층 정부가 디지털 전환이나 스마트화에 투자하지 못하게 하는 재정적 제약을 해결하는 것이다. 제안은 SLR을 구현하여 STL과 관련된 스마트 기술, IoT, AI의 최첨단 기술을 파악하고 도로 교차로의 트래픽과 GHG 배출량 증가 간의 상관관계 및 과학적 증거를 찾는 것이다. 그러나 이 연구는 과학적 근거를 식별하고 제공하려는 시도 외에도 교통 관리 전문가와 실무자의 관점에서 이러한 기술을 평가함으로써 결과에 대한 높은 수준의 신뢰성을 제공한다. 따라서 의사 결정자와 정책 입안자 모두 현재의 연구를 바탕으로 유도 루프 센서가 교차로의 교통 흐름을 개선하고 신호등에 실시간 정보를 공급하는 최고의 스마트 기술임을 결정할 수 있다, 단기적으로는 높은 비용으로 이해할 수 있지만 장기적으로는 효율성 측면에서 이점이 있는 초기 투자의 높은 비용에도 불구하고.Climate change has become a critical issue around the world. Rising global temperatures caused by pollution, specifically noxious gas emissions, is threatening the survival of all living species, particularly humans, who will number more than 7.9 billion by 2022. This contamination proclivity dates back to the first industrial revolution and reached a tipping point with the implementation of gasoline additives by the automotive industry. Nowadays, the vehicular sector is the world's first source of pollution and the primary cause of rising global temperatures and the subsequent consequences of climate change. Scientific literature analyzes transportation dynamics and finds that critical moments in emission boost are during the traffic congestion hours when the vehicles are obligated to transit at the most efficient fuel consumption speed. Based on this, it is determined that road intersections are the most common source of traffic congestion due to lack of real-time responsive technologies or devices to handle vehicular traffic demand. Middle-upper and high-income nations have been working on implementing several modern technologies along with city infrastructure upgrades on the back of transportation and urban policies to reduce vehicular traffic congestion through large investments in the digital transformation of traffic management systems and moving the cities towards smartification. The problem arises when low- or low-middle-income governments are required to prioritize the needs of their populations and allocate budgets to projects, positioning climate change far behind food, housing, health, education, security, and transportation. Thus, structural problems related to the transportation field continue, resulting in Green House Gas (GHG) contamination. In this scenario, no matter whether the contamination is reduced, diminished, increased, or augmented, the final effect is accounted for as a global temperature change. To delve deeper into these issues, the current study poses two research questions: If a relationship between increasing GHG-Co2 emissions and vehicular traffic congestion levels at intersections exists? Using a systematic literature review (SLR) as the methodology, over 135 documents related to Smart Traffic Light (STL) and GHG emissions were categorized and filtered, yielding a total of 13 key papers. From the SLR papers database, a keyword extractor was implemented to identify and extract the architecture, platforms, frameworks, simulators, sensors, methods, and algorithms from each entry. A total of two hundred forty-one STL related technologies were identified, by using a normalization word cloud method it was reduced the total to one hundred thirty-five terms. In a second stage the results were limited to twenty-seven STL terms using a categorization tree map the related or closely related technologies were examined. The research question was addressed by the SLR identification of studies by Lu Jie, Watson, Bates, and Kennedy, Towojua and Felix Isholab, (Table 1). All these studies provide different methods for identifying the correlation between traffic jams and congestion and increasing GHG emissions. SLR's intensive technology description, extraction, and normalization resulted in a clear identification of smart traffic light-related technologies, architectures, and frameworks, allowing the creation of a STL technology map, which is intended to be one of the critical steps in the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) by providing an alternative layer or dimension. The second research question is: Based on the SLRs identification of STL system technologies, which of these technologies are the most suitable to be implemented as an element of the traffic infrastructure at intersections (traffic lights) under budget constraints, targeted at improving traffic flows and reducing GHG-Co2 emissions? This was studied under a multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA), based on an (AHP), aimed to allow decision-makers and policymakers to determine which were the most suitable Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) technologies related to vehicular traffic congestion management at intersections. Developed by Professor Thomas Saaty in the 1970s, the AHP methodology is a multicriteria decision process that helps in choosing from among many alternatives based on a number of selection criteria or variables that are typically hierarchical and frequently at odds with one another. Choosing the selection criteria and sub-criteria carefully, defining them correctly, and ensuring that they are mutually exclusive are issues that were addressed by the SLR technologies. Identification and categorization are essential components of the process. The Saaty Fundamental Scale is used in the survey to perform a paired comparison. The hierarchical structure is top-down: the subject of this method is Objectives> Dimensions (STL Functions, STL Costs, and Traffic Emissions)> Criteria> Alternatives, which allows the transformation of qualitative aspects into quantitative ones, significantly facilitating a comparison between the various alternatives and producing more objective and reliable results. According to an AHP analysis which was based on an expert survey questionnaire, the cost dimension is the most important factor in implementing STL technologies for upgrading existing traffic light infrastructure at 45.79 percent, followed by the efficiency dimension (41.61 percent). At the alternatives level, experts identified that Inductive Loop Sensors were the best technology for upgrading the intersections and obtaining traffic flow improvements along with a GHG reduction with 23.67 percent agreement, followed by Video Vehicle Detection at 15.02 percent, and GPS-based technologies at 13.37 percent. The current study aims to address low-income governments' financial constraints which prevent them from investing in digital transformation or smartification. The study uses a SLR to identify the smart technologies, Internet of Things (IoT), and Artificial Intelligence (AI) related to STL state of art to find a correlation and scientific evidence between the traffic at road intersections and the increase in GHG emissions. However, in addition to identifying and providing scientific evidence, the research goes further by evaluating those technologies from the perspective of traffic management experts and practitioners, providing a high degree of reliability of the outcomes. Thus, both decision-makers and policymakers can base their policies on the present study to determine that the Inductive Loop Sensor is the best smart technology for improving traffic flows at intersections and feeding traffic lights with real-time information, despite the high initial investments, which can be understood as a high cost in the short-run but with benefits in terms of efficiency in the long run.Chapter 1. Introduction 1 1.1 Research Background 1 1.1.1 Environmental background 1 1.1.2 Vehicle industry background 3 1.1.3 Developing countries backgrounds 7 1.2 Definitions 10 1.3 Motivation 16 1.4 Problem statement 16 1.5 Research objective 18 1.6 Research questions 19 1.7 Research methodology 19 1.8 Research contribution 21 1.9 Research novelty 22 1.10 Outline 23 Chapter 2. Literature Review 23 Chapter 3.Data and Methodology 26 3.1 Systematic Literature Review (SLR) 26 3.1.1 Journal search and indexing databases 27 3.1.2 SLR Methodology 30 3.2 The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) 34 3.2.1 AHP Survey questionnaire 38 3.2.2 Criteria description 39 3.2.3 Data normalizing 41 3.2.4 The AHP Methodology 46 Chapter 4. Data 50 4.1 AHPs Objective 50 4.2 First Layer: Dimensions 51 4.3 Second layer: Criteria 52 4.3.1 Efficiency dimension data analysis 52 4.3.2 Cost dimension data analysis 53 4.3.3 Emission dimensions data analysis 53 4.4 Third layer: Alternatives 54 Chapter 5. Results 55 Chapter 6. Conclusions 58 Bibliography. 62 Appendix 71 Appendix 1: Spearman Coefficient Correlation GS– WoS 73 Appendix 2: Spearman Coefficient Correlation GS - Scopus 74 Appendix 3: PRISMA 2020 Checklist 75 Appendix 4: AHP Expert Questionary 78 Appendix 5: AHP Electronic Survey Form 85 Appendix 6: AHP Top-Down Hierarchy Model 86 Acknowledgments 88 Abstract (Korean) 88석