Designing Interfaces to Support Collaboration in Information Retrieval

Information retrieval systems should acknowledge the existence of collaboration in the search process. Collaboration can help users to be more effective in both learning systems and in using them. We consider some issues of viewing interfaces to information retrieval systems as collaborative notations and how to build systems that more actively support collaboration. We describe a system that embodies just one kind of explicit support; a graphical representation of the search process that can be manipulated and discussed by the users. By acknowledging the importance of other people in the search process, we can develop systems that not only improve help-giving by people but which can lead to a more robust search activity, more able to cope with, and indeed exploit, the failures of any intelligent agents used

Classroom Management Training: Keeping New Teachers

Many new teachers begin their first day of school with a sense of idealism. They expect to make a difference in the lives of young students. However, many soon learn the challenges of classroom, behavior management and feel great stress. Can more classroom management training in college and pre-service, student-teaching strategies help these novice educators? This article asks education professionals and researchers to evaluate their teacher training programs and increase classroom management training

Universal Learning of Repeated Matrix Games

We study and compare the learning dynamics of two universal learning algorithms, one based on Bayesian learning and the other on prediction with expert advice. Both approaches have strong asymptotic performance guarantees. When confronted with the task of finding good long-term strategies in repeated 2x2 matrix games, they behave quite differently.Comment: 16 LaTeX pages, 8 eps figure

Conceptualization and Typology of Guidance in Information Systems

Organizations use intelligent systems, a special kind of information system, to provide knowledge and guidance for their employees in their daily work. Concepts of guidance have been researched in the Information Systems community and related communities for decades. But due to the missing of a common concept and typology of guidance it is hard to compare the findings of the existing research streams. This paper extensively reviews and analyses the work on decisional guidance, explanations and on decision aids conducted in the last 20 years of research. Building on and grounded by the analyzed literature, a conceptualization and typology of guidance is proposed and discussed. In addition, the findings on positive and negative effects of guidance are outlined. This research contributes to both, research and practice. Researchers’ will be enabled (1) to describe their own work on guidance by using a set of terms predefined for the Information Systems research community and (2) to compare various research on guidance. Practitioners will be provided with a set of design guidelines in order to implement intelligent systems using various guidance effects in order to improve their processes and systems

Designing a Process Guidance System to Support User’s Business Process Compliance

Organizations define business processes specifying how employees should conduct their daily work. They require their employees to conform to defined process standards in order to avoid expensive mistakes and ensure the intended process outcomes. From a research perspective, process compliance has been primarily addressed by process-centric information systems supporting the execution of business processes. However, employees still have difficulties in being process compliant. What is missing is the direct support for users in the proper execution of business processes within the actual work environment. We follow a design science approach to address this gap and suggest a process guidance system supporting user’s business process compliance. Grounded by findings from existing guidance research, we derive meta-requirements and design principles of such systems and evaluate our artifact by two expert workshops discussing the proposed solution

An Empirical Investigation of Collaborative Web Search Tool on Novice\u27s Query Behavior

In the past decade, research efforts dedicated to studying the process of collaborative web search have been on the rise. Yet, a limited number of studies have examined the impact of collaborative information search processes on novices’ query behaviors. Studying and analyzing factors that influence web search behaviors, specifically users’ patterns of queries when using collaborative search systems can help with making query suggestions for group users. Improvements in user query behaviors and system query suggestions help in reducing search time and increasing query success rates for novices. This thesis investigates the influence of collaboration between experts and novices as well as the use of a collaborative web search tool on novices’ query behavior. We used SearchTeam as our collaborative search tool. This empirical study involves four collaborative team conditions: SearchTeam and expert-novice team, SearchTeam and novice-novice team, traditional and expert-novice team, and traditional and novice-novice team. We analyzed participants’ query behavior in two dimensions: quantitatively (e.g. the query success rate), and qualitatively (e.g. the query reformulation patterns). The findings of this study reveal that the successful query rate is higher in expert-novice collaborative teams, who used the collaborative search tools. Participants in expert-novice collaborative teams who used the collaborative search tools, required less time to finalize all tasks compared to expert-novice collaborative teams, who used the traditional search tools. Self-issued queries and chat logs were major sources of terms that novice participants in expert-novice collaborative teams who used the collaborative search tools used. Novices as part of expert-novice pairs who used the collaborative search tools, employed New and Specialization more often as query reformulation patterns. The results of this study contribute to the literature by providing detailed investigation regarding the influence of utilizing collaborative search tool (SearchTeam) in the context of software troubleshooting and development. This study highlights the possible collaborative information seeking (CIS) activities that may occur among software developers’ interns and their mentors. Furthermore, our study reveals that there are specific features, such as awareness and built-in instant messaging (IM), offered by SearchTeam that can promote the CIS activities among participants and help increase novices’ query success rates. Finally, we believe the use of CIS tools, designed to support collaborative search actions in big software development companies, has the potential to improve the overall novices’ query behavior and search strategies

Making intelligent systems team players: Case studies and design issues. Volume 1: Human-computer interaction design

Initial results are reported from a multi-year, interdisciplinary effort to provide guidance and assistance for designers of intelligent systems and their user interfaces. The objective is to achieve more effective human-computer interaction (HCI) for systems with real time fault management capabilities. Intelligent fault management systems within the NASA were evaluated for insight into the design of systems with complex HCI. Preliminary results include: (1) a description of real time fault management in aerospace domains; (2) recommendations and examples for improving intelligent systems design and user interface design; (3) identification of issues requiring further research; and (4) recommendations for a development methodology integrating HCI design into intelligent system design

Effects of Different Display Form Factors on InfoVis Applications: Exploring Selection Management and Brushing and Linking for Mobile Cross-Device Interaction

Diese Arbeit untersucht wie man mit mehreren, miteinander koordinierten Mobilgeräten Selektionen verwalten und Brushing und Linking unterstützen kann. Im Rahmen der Arbeit wird ein konzeptionelles Framework zur Selektionsverwaltung für mehrere Geräte angedacht und ein Konzept zur Selektionsverwaltung vorstellt, das Brushing und Linking für Mobilgeräte unterstützt. Des Weiteren werden Ziele für den Prototypen erörtert, die zur Umsetzung das Konzept beitragen. Mobile Geräte werden immer häufiger für Informationsvisualisierungen verwendet. Jedoch wurde bisher noch nicht untersucht, wie gängige Interaktionstechniken, wie Brushing und Linking, für diese Geräte anpassen werden müssen. Während des Brushings, werden zusätzlich Selektionen erstellt, für die es bislang keine Art der Verwaltung für Mobilgeräte gibt. In dieser Arbeit wird untersucht wie man Brushing und Linking mit mehreren Mobilgeräten unterstützen kann und Selektionen gleichzeitig verwalten kann.:1 Introduction 1.1 Contributions 1.2 Motivation and Background 1.3 Goals 1.4 Research Questions 1.5 Thesis Overview 2. Related Work 2.1 Mobile Devices for InfoVis and Their Screen Real Estate Issues 2.2 Interacting with CMVs 2.3 Brushing and Linking 2.4 Summary 3 Selection Management and Brushing and Linking for Mobile Cross- Device Interaction 3.1 The Selection Management Framework 3.2 Fundamental Information About VisTiles 3.3 Design Considerations 3.4 Creating Selections Within a Visualization 3.5 Interacting with Selections Within a Visualization 3.6 Managing Multiple Selections 3.7 Managing a Single Selection 3.8 Linking Selections to Other Devices 3.9 Incorporating Join Operations 3.10 Overview over Side-by-side Interactions 3.11 Summary: Reviewing the Selection Management Framework 4 Prototype 4.1 Technical Setup 4.2 Techniques 5 Conclusion and Discussion 5.1 Discussion 5.2 Future Work 5.3 ConclusionThis thesis examines how to manage selections and use brushing and linking with multiple coordinated mobile devices. We discuss thoughts for a conceptual framework for selection management in multi-device environments. We then present a concept for managing selections and supporting brushing and linking for co-located mobile devices. Finally, we are providing an overview of and the goals for our proof-of-concept prototype. More and more mobile devices are used for visualization. However, it is still an open question how to adjust common interaction techniques, such as brushing and linking, for mobile devices. Furthermore, it has not been addressed how to manage the selections that are created through brushing. We explore how brushing and linking can be used in a setting with multiple, co-located mobile devices and how to manage its selections.:1 Introduction 1.1 Contributions 1.2 Motivation and Background 1.3 Goals 1.4 Research Questions 1.5 Thesis Overview 2. Related Work 2.1 Mobile Devices for InfoVis and Their Screen Real Estate Issues 2.2 Interacting with CMVs 2.3 Brushing and Linking 2.4 Summary 3 Selection Management and Brushing and Linking for Mobile Cross- Device Interaction 3.1 The Selection Management Framework 3.2 Fundamental Information About VisTiles 3.3 Design Considerations 3.4 Creating Selections Within a Visualization 3.5 Interacting with Selections Within a Visualization 3.6 Managing Multiple Selections 3.7 Managing a Single Selection 3.8 Linking Selections to Other Devices 3.9 Incorporating Join Operations 3.10 Overview over Side-by-side Interactions 3.11 Summary: Reviewing the Selection Management Framework 4 Prototype 4.1 Technical Setup 4.2 Techniques 5 Conclusion and Discussion 5.1 Discussion 5.2 Future Work 5.3 Conclusio