16,287 research outputs found
How realistic is the mixed-criticality real-time system model?
23rd International Conference on Real-Time Networks and Systems (RTNS 2015). 4 to 6, Nov, 2015, Main Track. Lille, France. Best Paper Award NomineeWith the rapid evolution of commercial hardware platforms, in most application domains, the industry has shown
a growing interest in integrating and running independently-developed applications of different âcriticalitiesâ in the
same multicore platform. Such integrated systems are commonly referred to as mixed-criticality systems (MCS).
Most of the MCS-related research published in the state-of-the-art cite the safety-related standards associated to
each application domain (e.g. aeronautics, space, railway, automotive) to justify their methods and results.
However, those standards are not, in most cases, freely available, and do not always clearly and explicitly specify
the requirements for mixed-criticality systems. This paper addresses the important challenge of unveiling the
relevant information available in some of the safety-related standards, such that the mixed-criticality concept is
understood from an industrialistâs perspective. Moreover, the paper evaluates the state-of-the-art mixed-criticality
real-time scheduling models and algorithms against the safety-related standards and clarifies some
misconceptions that are commonly encountered
Utilization-Based Scheduling of Flexible Mixed-Criticality Real-Time Tasks
Mixed-criticality models are an emerging paradigm for the design of real-time
systems because of their significantly improved resource efficiency. However,
formal mixed-criticality models have traditionally been characterized by two
impractical assumptions: once \textit{any} high-criticality task overruns,
\textit{all} low-criticality tasks are suspended and \textit{all other}
high-criticality tasks are assumed to exhibit high-criticality behaviors at the
same time. In this paper, we propose a more realistic mixed-criticality model,
called the flexible mixed-criticality (FMC) model, in which these two issues
are addressed in a combined manner. In this new model, only the overrun task
itself is assumed to exhibit high-criticality behavior, while other
high-criticality tasks remain in the same mode as before. The guaranteed
service levels of low-criticality tasks are gracefully degraded with the
overruns of high-criticality tasks. We derive a utilization-based technique to
analyze the schedulability of this new mixed-criticality model under EDF-VD
scheduling. During runtime, the proposed test condition serves an important
criterion for dynamic service level tuning, by means of which the maximum
available execution budget for low-criticality tasks can be directly determined
with minimal overhead while guaranteeing mixed-criticality schedulability.
Experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the FMC scheme compared with
state-of-the-art techniques.Comment: This paper has been submitted to IEEE Transaction on Computers (TC)
on Sept-09th-201
Critical behavior in an evolutionary Ultimatum Game
Experimental studies have shown the ubiquity of altruistic behavior in human
societies. The social structure is a fundamental ingredient to understand the
degree of altruism displayed by the members of a society, in contrast to
individual-based features, like for example age or gender, which have been
shown not to be relevant to determine the level of altruistic behavior. We
explore an evolutionary model aiming to delve how altruistic behavior is
affected by social structure. We investigate the dynamics of interacting
individuals playing the Ultimatum Game with their neighbors given by a social
network of interaction. We show that a population self-organizes in a critical
state where the degree of altruism depends on the topology characterizing the
social structure. In general, individuals offering large shares but in turn
accepting large shares, are removed from the population. In heterogeneous
social networks, individuals offering intermediate shares are strongly selected
in contrast to random homogeneous networks where a broad range of offers, below
a critical one, is similarly present in the population.Comment: 13 pages, 7 figure
Can biological quantum networks solve NP-hard problems?
There is a widespread view that the human brain is so complex that it cannot
be efficiently simulated by universal Turing machines. During the last decades
the question has therefore been raised whether we need to consider quantum
effects to explain the imagined cognitive power of a conscious mind.
This paper presents a personal view of several fields of philosophy and
computational neurobiology in an attempt to suggest a realistic picture of how
the brain might work as a basis for perception, consciousness and cognition.
The purpose is to be able to identify and evaluate instances where quantum
effects might play a significant role in cognitive processes.
Not surprisingly, the conclusion is that quantum-enhanced cognition and
intelligence are very unlikely to be found in biological brains. Quantum
effects may certainly influence the functionality of various components and
signalling pathways at the molecular level in the brain network, like ion
ports, synapses, sensors, and enzymes. This might evidently influence the
functionality of some nodes and perhaps even the overall intelligence of the
brain network, but hardly give it any dramatically enhanced functionality. So,
the conclusion is that biological quantum networks can only approximately solve
small instances of NP-hard problems.
On the other hand, artificial intelligence and machine learning implemented
in complex dynamical systems based on genuine quantum networks can certainly be
expected to show enhanced performance and quantum advantage compared with
classical networks. Nevertheless, even quantum networks can only be expected to
efficiently solve NP-hard problems approximately. In the end it is a question
of precision - Nature is approximate.Comment: 38 page
Topology by dissipation
Topological states of fermionic matter can be induced by means of a suitably
engineered dissipative dynamics. Dissipation then does not occur as a
perturbation, but rather as the main resource for many-body dynamics, providing
a targeted cooling into a topological phase starting from an arbitrary initial
state. We explore the concept of topological order in this setting, developing
and applying a general theoretical framework based on the system density matrix
which replaces the wave function appropriate for the discussion of Hamiltonian
ground-state physics. We identify key analogies and differences to the more
conventional Hamiltonian scenario. Differences mainly arise from the fact that
the properties of the spectrum and of the state of the system are not as
tightly related as in a Hamiltonian context. We provide a symmetry-based
topological classification of bulk steady states and identify the classes that
are achievable by means of quasi-local dissipative processes driving into
superfluid paired states. We also explore the fate of the bulk-edge
correspondence in the dissipative setting, and demonstrate the emergence of
Majorana edge modes. We illustrate our findings in one- and two-dimensional
models that are experimentally realistic in the context of cold atoms.Comment: 61 pages, 8 figure
Cities: Continuity, transformation and emergence
Book synopsis: This book applies ideas and methods from the complexity perspective to key concerns in the social sciences, exploring co-evolutionary processes that have not yet been addressed in the technical or popular literature on complexity. \ud
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Authorities in a variety of fields â including evolutionary economics, innovation and regeneration studies, urban modelling and history â re-evaluate their disciplines within this framework. The book explores the complex dynamic processes that give rise to socio-economic change over space and time, with reference to empirical cases including the emergence of knowledge-intensive industries and decline of mature regions, the operation of innovative networks and the evolution of localities and cities. Sustainability is a persistent theme and the practicability of intervention is examined in the light of these perspectives. \ud
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Specialists in disciplines that include economics, evolutionary theory, innovation, industrial manufacturing, technology change, and archaeology will find much to interest them in this book. In addition, the strong interdisciplinary emphasis of the book will attract a non-specialist audience interested in keeping abreast of current theoretical and methodological approaches through evidence-based and practical examples
Effects of network topology, transmission delays, and refractoriness on the response of coupled excitable systems to a stochastic stimulus
We study the effects of network topology on the response of networks of
coupled discrete excitable systems to an external stochastic stimulus. We
extend recent results that characterize the response in terms of spectral
properties of the adjacency matrix by allowing distributions in the
transmission delays and in the number of refractory states, and by developing a
nonperturbative approximation to the steady state network response. We confirm
our theoretical results with numerical simulations. We find that the steady
state response amplitude is inversely proportional to the duration of
refractoriness, which reduces the maximum attainable dynamic range. We also
find that transmission delays alter the time required to reach steady state.
Importantly, neither delays nor refractoriness impact the general prediction
that criticality and maximum dynamic range occur when the largest eigenvalue of
the adjacency matrix is unity
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